Progress Assignment - Essay Example

Progress Assignment The differences between IGOs and NGOs Inter-Governmental Organization (I.G.O) refers to public ornon-profit making organization that has been created through a treaty and other formal binding instruments with the aim of bringing together several nations or states with a common agenda. Examples include the United Nations (U.N), European Union (E.U), Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the African Union (A.U). On the other hand, Non-Governmental organization (N.G.O) is a non-profit making organization that is established by individual members or associations with an aim of seeking resolutions on key issues that affect the entire world in general.

NGOs can be broadly categorized into two categories namely operational NGO which is mainly concerned with the formulation and implementation of issues related to development and advocacy NGO aims at defending as well as advocating for specific concerns. Examples of operational NGOs include Explosive Ordinance Demolition (EOD) while advocacy NGO includes Medical San-Frontier (MSF). The main functions of IGO include promotion of good international dealings, forging great international cooperation and coordination among member states, enhancement as well as upholding of human rights and social growth and finally offering of humanitarian assistance in events of crisis and natural calamities.

The functions of NGOs include laying emphasis on humanitarian related matters, enlargement of development assistance and ensuring development that is sustainable over a long period of time in all aspects. 2. The tragedy of the commonsThe tragedy of the commons relates a theory in the field of economics that was put forward by Garreth Hardin which argues that individuals tend to act rationally and independently through consideration of their own personal interests. In this case individual behavior supersedes that of the general belief or the opinion of the masses.

It is an economic theory that argues that commonly shared resources can be depleted by the self-centered nature of individuals. The term commons relates to the resources that are shared among several people such as the environment, natural resources and artificial shared items. The theory has attracted several criticisms on the ground of its lack of historical accuracy as well as failing to make a clear-cut distinction between common property resources and the openly accessible resources. The theory which further advocates for privatization of public resources is seen as an overrated view that lacks credibility and actual applicability.3. Human rightsHuman rights is defined as a set of moral as well as legal procedures that aim at promoting and enhancing human dignity so as to ensure proper standards of living among individuals in the society.

It lays emphasis on the recognition of human values and moral standards. Human rights apply to all human beings in equal measure irrespective of their differences in terms of sexual orientation, sex, nationality, race, origin and other forms of identity. There should be no discrimination at any level in the application of human rights. They are set of principles that outline various standards of behavior as articulated in both international and national rules and policies making them universal.

The doctrine of human rights is far above the bill of rights which advocates for individual rights and freedom and should not be limited to the same owing to the fact that human rights is a far much broader concept (Brems, 307).4. For or against supranational governanceSupranational governance is a form of governance involving an international organization in which power to make key decisions is left in the hands of authority concerned by the member nations. The member nations are able to go beyond their national boundaries in order to take part in major decision-making process that affects all the member groups in equal terms.

The European Union is an example of an organization that exercises this form of governance. I disagree with supranational governance because it does not uphold equality among nations. Democracy based on numbers only has led to unfair treatment in some member states especially those with low numbers in terms of their representation. The major problem of reconciliation of the principle of equality among the member countries makes it unfair form of governance (Sandholtz, 32-57). 5. Economic nationalismI connect closely with the doctrine of economic nationalism which advocates for the control of economic policies by a given independent state.

It relates to policies that lays emphasis on national control of various key players in the economy and hinders any external regulation on internal management of resources (Szlajfer, 117).Work CitedSandholtz, Wayne, and Alec S. Sweet. European Integration and Supranational Governance. Oxford [etc.: Oxford University Press, 1998. Print.Brems, Eva. Human Rights: Universality and Diversity. The Hague [u.a.: Nijhoff, 2001. Print.Szlajfer, Henryk. Economic Nationalism in East-Central Europe and South America: 1918-1939.

Genève: Droz, 1990. Print.