Mental Health Disorder Problems in Young Adults - Essay Example

Other Health Promotion Contents Contents 2 Introduction:- 4 Rationale:- 4 Aim and Objectives:- 5 Literature Review:- 5 Mental health disorders among young adults belonging to the age group 14 to 25 ages:- 6 Mental health disorders among middle aged people:- 6 Depression:- 7 Anxiety:- 8 The help seeking behavior among these people:- 9 Thematic Table:- 10 Theories of Health promotion:- 14 Explanatory Theory and Change Theory:- 14 Health Belief Model- 14 Theory of planned behavior:- 14 Community Organization Model:- 15 Diffusion of innovations theory:- 15 Advantages of health promotion approach:- 15 Disadvantages of health promotion approach:- 16 International, National and local health promotion policies:- 16 Description of the content:- 17 Methodology:- 17 Conclusion:- 22 References 24 Bibliography 26 Introduction:- I have chosen the topic as mental health disorder problems in young adults and in middle aged people. There are several types of mental disorder like depression, anxiety and insomnia those can affect the normal lifestyle of human being. The young adult stage in life of human being is filled up with various emotional ups and downs and this stage starts after the puberty. Adulthood can be described as a period when growth and changes take place in human mind, body and feelings (Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse & Mental Illness, No Date). It is a very sensitive time when certain mental disorders can arise which can have an impact on the future life of that individual. It has been seen that the period of adolescence is like a conversion phase which brings unpredictable emotional sufferings, and it takes a shape of depreciation and anxiety. Similarly like young adults, middle aged people also suffer from severe mental disorders because women and men in their mid life think themselves as a old generation who have difference needs and choices than the younger ones, thus in many cases they feel a sense of loneliness and ignorance. During the age of 50, people experience transitions and changes in their decision regarding work and life balance, death of older parents and children growing up and creating their separate lifestyle. It is the when men and women find that their taste and preferences are changing, mood swings, anxiety about spouse and children. Mental issues should be resolved before it creates any serious situation and life risk. Rationale:- This part of the project includes the reason behind carrying out the project. This research has been undertaken to understand about the difficult part of human psychology and the various mental disorders that are faced by young adults and middle aged people. The research has mainly focused on the population of UK. Participants are residents of UK and the target groups are young adults who belong to the age group of 14-25 and middle aged people. Several questions and approaches have been taken for the intervention process. Different types of mental disorders and theories of health promotion have been discussed in the project. This project will be useful for general public to understand about mental health disorders and it will also be helpful for future researchers to understand the concept. Aim and Objectives:- Aim of the research is to create various policies for several mental disorders that are affecting the young adults and the middle aged people throughout the world. It also aims to create awareness among people to reduce the violence and discrimination that takes place against the victims. Objective of this research is to identify the different types of mental problems that affect the people, reasons behind the problems, symptoms and treatment of the respective problems. Another objective is to search about the percentage of population who has been affected by different mental health disorders. Literature Review:- This section tries to identify and critically analyze the topic of the research which is about various mental disorders in young adults and middle aged people. This will be achieved through a comprehensive literature review of the research question to identify gaps and provide context to the systematic appraisal. Literature review is an important aspect of the research because it will help us to have a broader knowledge about the research topic. The theme of the literature review deals with the following key issues- Mental health disorders among young adults belonging to the age group 14 to 25 ages. Mental health disorders among middle aged people. The help seeking behavior among these people. These themes will be discussed in the following sections- Mental health disorders among young adults belonging to the age group 14 to 25 ages:- According to the Child Trends organization, on an average one in every five adolescents suffers from a mental health disorder which is diagnosable and can be cured. These mental problems vary from anxiety, depression, behavioral and personality disorders. It has been seen that nearly 21 million young adults in UK suffer from the problem of depression. This is also a phase of time when mental health disorders can be recognized for the first time in a person. It has been seen that family situations and genetics tend to play a role in the mental health of young adults. Females are more prone to depression than men while men tend to have behavioral disorders. Eating disorders can also be seen in the young adult group of people (Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse & Mental Illness, No Date). Mental health disorders among middle aged people:- According to a research study published by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health ha s shown that common ways of analyzing the mental disorders are continuously underestimate the presence of mental health disorders among middle aged and elderly adults. According to Dr. Yoichiro, substantial disorders like depression, anxiety are present among middle aged and elderly adult people. Apart from these, other mental health disorders like obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder, dependency on alcohol or drug can be seen in the middle aged people. People after the age of 50 experiences various changes and transformations in decision about life, work, death of elders, children. Many people also feel the sense of dissatisfaction about the loss of opportunities in the past life. People tend to feel that they could live in much better way than they have lived in reality. This type sense of inferiorities leads them to the state of severe depression. There is also fear of reduced opportunities and increasing physical illness leads people to the situation of mental health disorder. Women specially face different types of mental challenges during their mid life which includes duties and responsibilities towards families that create a situation of emotional and psychological distress (Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse & Mental Illness, No Date). Many of them indentify themselves in a trap of poverty in their mid life, especially when they belong from a family like lower-pay, limited earnings, inadequate earnings from pension schemes. Widowhood, divorce also creates a sense of loneliness among the women in the mid life. Apart from these, middle aged and elderly men can also suffer various mental disorders like depression, sense of loneliness and ignorance from the younger generation as there is difference in mentality and thinking process. Depression:- Depression can be defined as the mental illness which acts on the whole body, thought process and mood of a person. It has an impact on each and every daily behavior of a person like the way he/she eats, sleeps, thinks about other matters, feels about own self. It is not similar to feelings of sadness. It is something that directly on the mood and causes the mood swings. It creates a sense of discomfort in the person’s mind. He/she does not feel satisfaction about anything that he/she does. It leads the person to withdraw himself/herself from all social engagements. Depression is diagnosable and can be cured with proper treatment but if it is not treated properly then it can last for many weeks, months or even for years. Appropriate treatment helps the people to get back the originality and the self confidence and it also helps to recover the person from the state of depression. Women are more prone to depression than men. It has been seen that many hormonal changes like premenstrual syndrome, changes in menstrual cycle, miscarriage, pregnancy, premenopause, menopause and postpartum period can contribute to the increase rate of depressive problems among women (Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse & Mental Illness, No Date). There are different types of depression like Major depression, Dysthymia and bipolar disorder. Major depression is known as a combination of various symptoms which act on the ability to sleep, eat, work and enjoy other pleasurable activities. People tend to get detached from every normal activity which was once liked by him/her. This mode of depression can happen several times in lifetime. Dystymia can be defined as the long term and the mood of chronic depression which prevails for long time than usual. Though the symptoms are not like as severe as the symptoms of major depression but it also acts on the normal functional activities of human being. People with Dysthymia for a long period can also suffer from major depression. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression which is a chronic and continuous condition which includes cycles of main and depression (Hopkins, 2012). Anxiety:- Anxiety can be of several types which need proper medical care of a psychiatrist or psychologist. Anxiety can be occur in form of panic disorder, Post-Traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and phobias. Along with Depression, problem of anxiety is also very common among young adults and elderly people. It has been seen that 10% of young adults suffer from any of the anxiety disorder problems. Obsessive compulsive disorders in young adults can also be marked by continuous thinking about same image or same work. Any shocking event in a child’s life can encourage the symptoms of anxiety when he/she grows up. In case of young adults, some symptoms like over emotional, unrestrained or unresponsiveness can be seen. Panic disorder is also a major problem that can be seen among middle aged people and in elderly people. It has been seen that more than 20% of older adults are suffering from anxiety and panic disorders. In case of elderly people and middle aged people, sometimes the problem of anxiety remains unattended or undiagnosed because they do not acknowledge or recognize the symptoms which actually enhances the problems and lead it to disability, bad physical health, cognitive impairment and low quality of life (GMFH, No Date). The help seeking behavior among these people:- The young adults and the elderly people who suffer from continuous mental health disorder tend to feel aloof from the rest of the world. Mainly young adults feel ashamed of them and find it difficult to disclose the matter in front of others. They might think that everybody will laugh or friends will think that they are different. Especially when people stare at them then they feel uncomfortable thus they tend to hide themselves from the world. During this phase of time, if anyone wants provide a helping hand with real care and concern then the victim feel that it may cure him/her. Though initially they tend to doubt that person at first but when they feel assurance then they become dependent on the source. On the other side, elderly people try to avoid the problem and feel ashamed to recognize the reality in a fear that they will be left alone by others. But several govt. organizations are taking great measure in the world to take care of those young adults and elderly people to get them free from the mental health disorder problem. World Health Organization is providing is working hard towards providing the opportunity of rehabilitation facilities to the young adults and elderly people who suffer from chronic mental health disorder and other addictions. Thematic Table:- Category Particulars Young Adults Middle aged people Depression Reason Symptoms Treatment Reason behind depression in young adults can be related to their love life, studies, competition with friends in other activities, problems in family, mental and physical stress and pressure given by schools and teachers. Low, sad or mood swings or better about nothing, not feeling interested in pleasurable activities, change in food habit, more sleeping than usual, fatigue and less energy, reduction in concentration, sense of worthlessness, thought of suicide and death (Hopkinsmedicine, No date, p. 4). Depression can be cured through medications, counseling with psychiatrist and psychologist, awareness about depression, help of the family, responsibility of the individual, getting control on negative thoughts. Transformation and changes in decision about work and life, feelings of guilt and failure. Sense of ignorance by the younger ones. Reason behind depression among middle aged women can be change in hormones, premenopause, menopause, postpartum period, tension and stress about family, spouse, children and elder parents, death of elder parents. Continuous sad, anxious and feelings of worthlessness, pessimism, feelings of guilt, helplessness, restlessness, loss of interest in hobbies and sexual relationship, low energy, fatigue, difficulty in concentration, loss of appetite, insomnia, suicidal thoughts, aches and pains, problem in digestion, cramps (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Treatment of depression among elderly people is somewhat similar with young adults. They also need antidepressants, counseling session with psychologist and psychiatrist, help and support of the spouse and family, controlling over negative thoughts and concentrating on positive activities like exercise (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Anxiety Reason Symptoms Treatment Reason behind anxiety in case of young adults might be over stress of studies. But reason of OCD can be severe anxiety and it leads to OCD. Unnecessary increase in heart beat, tension, sweating, shortness of breath, shaking, abdominal pain, feeling disconnected from others, fear of dying, chest pain. Treatment of anxiety includes therapies, medication, psychological treatment, and cognitive behavioral therapy for especially obsessive compulsive disorder. Reason of anxiety can vary from tension about family and children to midlife crisis. But OCD do not have any certain reason and it can be caused due to anxiety. Symptoms are quite similar like young adults. Middle aged and elderly people also suffer from anxiety and the symptoms are pounding heart, sensation of choking, fear of dying, feeling of disconnected, numbness, shortness of breath. Treatment is also quite similar but in case of middle aged and elder people, they don’t want recognize anxiety in its first step. But it can be cured through medication, counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy for especially obsessive compulsive disorder. Theories of Health promotion:- Explanatory Theory and Change Theory:- Explanatory theory states about the root cause of the problem. It provides guidance to search about the factors that are responsible for the problem and then those can be changed. Explanatory theory includes Health belief model and the theory of planned behavior (National Cancer Institute, 2005. p. 5). Health Belief Model- The main concept of this theory is that it identifies the root cause of the problem through susceptibility and barriers to action that cause the problem and provides self effectiveness, benefits of action. It helps people to adopt the physical activities which are recommended by the psychiatrist and benefits of action can be achieved through controlling the negative actions (Riverside Community Health Foundation, No Date). Theory of planned behavior:- It identifies the behavior of the patient and measures the outcomes. It helps people to bring a change in behavior and to get self confidence. It helps the people to get control over resources, skills and opportunities that affect the performance of an individual (Riverside Community Health Foundation, No Date). Change theory helps to develop the health involvement. It creates two different concepts- program messages and strategies. It helps the program planners to make assumption about why a program will get success. Change theory includes diffusion of innovation model and community organization model (National Cancer Institute, 2005. p. 5). Community Organization Model:- It includes constructing of plans for the society to develop the overall society by restricting on actions that can act on anyone’s life. In this model, social health workers create awareness among communities to identify social and various health problems and they also form strategies to mitigate these problems. Proactive participation of the community is essential for the success of this model (Riverside Community Health Foundation, No Date). Diffusion of innovations theory:- This theory identifies the relative compatibility, advantage and complexity in a problem. It helps the general public, societies and organization s to adopt creative ideas, behaviors, and products to overcome the problem (Riverside Community Health Foundation, No Date). Advantages of health promotion approach:- Health promotion approaches help the people, institutions and societies to understand about the root cause of the problem. It identifies and analyzes the behavior, thought process and complexity which causes the health problems. Health promotion approaches reduces the activities of the society that act on any individual or group of people’s lives. It brings self confidence and change in behaviors. Disadvantages of health promotion approach:- As health promotion approaches have many advantages, but on the other side it also poses some disadvantages too. It means that if a wrong model or theory gets implemented in a situation where it should not be implemented then it will cause a severe problem. It will not solve the problem rather it will increases the severity of the problem. Thus health promotion approaches should be implemented by medical professionals to avoid such hazards. International, National and local health promotion policies:- World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the policies for mental health disorder across the world. People who are suffering from mental health disorders face various challenges like violence, discrimination in every part of the world. But policies, services and laws in many countries have failed to mitigate these activities and to promote human rights. WHO has launched MiNDbank which is a new online platform to bring together the national policies, key international resources; laws of various nations and services to promote human rights, MiNDbank will arrange debate and assist in seminars, advocacy and research programs to promote reforms in various nations with practice of international human rights (World Health Organization, 2013). Countries and local health organizations should promote policies for mental health disorder along with the World Health Organization in order to stop the violence and discrimination against the people who are suffering from mental disorders. MiNDbank is a new initiative started by WHO, thus countries should promote awareness about the human rights and policies that can solve the problem of those people. In UK, govt. and local organizations are taking various interventions like arranging health camps to reduce mental health disorder among young adults and women who are suffering from post natal depression, social and emotional learning programs in schools to prevent bullying and conduct problematic behaviors, detection of psychosis in early stage, intervention in misuse of alcohol, screening in workplace to reduce anxiety and depression, awareness about suicide and safety measures to prevent suicide, collaborative care for elder people (Knapp, 2011, p. 3). Description of the content:- We will promote our policies of health promotion through audio, visual and audio visual Medias. Leaflets, hoardings, advertisement in TV, newspaper, journals, magazines and health camps in schools and colleges will help to promote the policy among the young adults and it will help to create awareness among peop0el about various mental health disorders that can affect young adults and middle aged people. They will feel freer to discuss their problem with others. Other methods like one to one counseling, counseling with family members will help us to promote the programs. The above mentioned resources are important to display our content because the resources can reach mass people. Resources like advertisement in TV, newspaper, magazine will reach to the door of many people who are suffering from depression and anxiety. This will help them to come forward and find remedies to their problems. Methodology:- I have selected 20 people who belong from young adult group and 20 people who belong to middle age and have certain mental health disorders. I have collected the data from schools, colleges, shopping malls, and doctors’ clinic to get the answers for the methodology part. Several questions have been asked about their problems. Mental health disorder problems Percentage of result from young adults Depression 70% Anxiety 20% Insomnia 10% From the above table we can see that 70% of young adults are suffering from depression, 20% of them are suffering from various types of aniety like OCD, panic disorder and 10% of tehm are suffering from insomnia for which they are unable to sleep at night. Mental health disorder problems Percentage of result from elder and middle aged people Depression 50% Anxiety 30% Insomnia 20% From the above table we can see that 50% of middle aged people are suffering from depression among which women are more in numbers tham men, 30% of them are suffering from various types of aniety like OCD, panic disorder and 20% of tehm are suffering from insomnia and perfect sleep Reason of Mental health disorder problems Percentage of result from young adults Stress and tension 50% Relationship problem 15% Other problems 35% From the above graph we can see the most probable reasoins for mental hgealth disorders that are identified by the patients themselves. Maximum young adults are suffering due to various stress and tension in tehir school and college liufe, tension at home, some are also suffering due to the relationship problems between tehir parents. 15% of young adults are suffering from the problems in tehir love life relationship. Other problems include sexual harassment, abuse, accidental event, post trumatic events. Reason of Mental health disorder problems Percentage of result from elder and middle aged people Stress and tension 55% Feeling of ignorance/worthlessness 25% Other problems 20% From the above graph we can see the most probable reasoins for mental hgealth disorders that are identified by the patients themselves. 55% of the total respondents are over burden with responsibilities and this is the cause for tehir stress and tensiuon. 25% of them are having a feeling of ignorance by the ytounger ones and sense of worthlessness and other problems include feeling of guilty, death of eleder parents, sense of afilure and problems with spouse. Conclusion:- From the above studies we can see that mental health disorder is increasing at a first pace among the young adults and the middle aged people. It has been seen that nearly 21 million young adults in UK suffer from the problem of depression. 20% of the total populations who belong to the middle age group are suffering from mental health disorder in UK. Depression is very common type of mental health disorder among middle aged people and elderly adults. Women are twice more prone to depression than men. It has been seen that middle aged women feel more depressed due to lot of duties like responsibilities of the family, younger children and elder parents. Sometimes they forgt to take care of themselves and if it continue for a long time then it leads the person into the state of depression. Anxiety is also common among teenagers and elderly people. Some are suffering from panic disorder while some others may have obsessive compulsive disorder. Thus it can be said that most of the population is today’s competitive world is suffering from diagnosable mental health disorder which can cured if treated properly. References Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse & Mental Illness., No Date. Common Mental Health Disorders in Young Adults. [Online]. Available at: http://www.dualdiagnosis.org/mental-health-and-addiction/common-young-adults/#overview. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. National Institute of Mental Health. 2012. What is Depression. [Online]. Available at: http://ftp.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse & Mental Illness., No Date. Common Mental Health Issues Among Women. Available at: http://www.dualdiagnosis.org/mental-health-and-addiction/common-issues-women/. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. GMFH., No Date. Anxiety and Older Adults. Available at: http://www.gmhfonline.org/gmhf/consumer/factsheets/anxietyoldradult.html. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Hopkins, J., 2012. Depression. Available at: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/womens_health/depression_85,P01512/. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. World Health Organization., 2013. MiNDbank – promoting human rights in mental health reform, December 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/mental_health/en/. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Hopkinsmedicine., No Date. Adolescent Depression. Available at: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/specialty_areas/moods/ADAP/images/ADAP-Booklet_FINAL.pdf. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. National Cancer Institute. 2005. Theory at a Glance. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/theory.pdf. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Riverside Community Health Foundation. No Date. Theories and Models Frequently Used in Health Promotion. Available at: http://www.rchf.org/news/pdf/theories-and-models-frequently-used-in-health-promotion.pdf. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Knapp. M., et al., 2011. Mental health promotion and mental illnessprevention: The economic case. Available at: http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/Economic_case_for_promotion_and_prevention.pdf. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Bibliography Hopkins, J., 2012. Panic Disorder . Available at: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/mental_health_disorders/panic_disorder_85,P00738/. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. ChildTrends. 2013. Mental Health Disorders. Available at: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Child_Trends-2013_01_01_AHH_MentalDisordersl.pdf. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. Medicalnewstoday. 2013. What is depression? What causes depression?. Available at: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933.php. [Accessed on February 12, 2014]. . Read More