An Electronic Business System - Essay Example

E-Business Executive Summary The prime intention of this report is to describe an e-business system i.e. enterprise system, with emphasis to its significant contribution towards organisational management in the banking sector of the UK. Various important aspects have been taken into concern in this regard, including the tools that businesses and organisations in the UK banking sector might use for evaluating their respective e-business systems and the underlying benefits. Emphasis has also been delivered to the challenges arising from enterprise systems for observing the contribution made by these systems towards organisational management in the UK banking sector. It has been apparently observed that despite facing various challenges and ethical issues associated with the e-business practice of enterprise system, this particular system contributes significantly in organisational management, which is further identifiable in terms of improved management decision-making and effective utilisation of the accessible resources. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 1.Introduction 4 2.Description of the Enterprise System and Its Usage in the UK Banking Sector 5 3.Tools and Techniques for Evaluating E-Business Systems 8 4.Evaluation of Enterprise System within the Context of Alter’s Work System Principle “Create Value from Information” 10 5.Key Benefits and Challenges Arising From the Enterprise System and Associated Ethical Issues 13 6.Ethical Issues Associated With the Enterprise System 16 7.Conclusion 17 References 19 Appendix 25 1. Introduction The prime intention of this report is to analyse an electronic business system, having a noteworthy contribution to organisational management. Theoretically, the notion of electronic business system, also acknowledged as e-business, is regarded as a set of innovative technologies, tools as well as systems that assist in conducting business through online or internet (Macmillan Publishers Limited, n.d.). The application of internet medium for conducting business online is typically viewed as one of the biggest forces, which has contributed in changing the 21st century business scenario drastically. It is worth mentioning that the notion of electronic business system not only deals with buying as well as selling of products through online but also plays a decisive role in serving customers globally, irrespective of geographic and economic hindrances and most vitally, collaborating with business partners effectively (Durbhakula & Kim, 2011). In this modern day context, wherein the entire business environment is identified to be changing rapidly, the conception of electronic business system or e-business is observed to gain immense significance in the corporate world. It is widely embraced in various industry sectors making the business process smoother and effective (Alter, 2002; Braithwaite, 2002). It would be vital to mention that the notion of e-business has gained its momentum in this present day context amid the marketers due to its innovative features that extend beyond the traditional business functions. In this similar context, the pioneering features of e-business comprise better Supply Chain Management (SCM), advanced customer relationship management (CRM) and improved e-commerce facility among others. Specially mentioning, e-business is often regarded as an effective infrastructure, which tends to aid the business enterprise systems in attaining greater business coordination and superior advantages through integration (Wang & et. al., 2007; Corbitt & Al-Qirim, 2004). Correspondingly, it can be affirmed from a broader perspective that the organisations and the marketers often use the concept of e-business with the purpose of reaping several benefits that can be identified in terms of substantial profitability interests through expanding market share and accomplishing superior competitive position over the chief business market competitors (Hinton & Barnes, 2008; Shaw, 2002). In this report, the contributions made by Enterprise System, as the electronic business system, in the UK banking sector would be analysed and discussed. Various important aspects that entail evaluating the various dimensions of enterprise system with the application of Alters Work System Principle, i.e. "Create Value from Information", identifying the chief benefits along with the challenges arising from the application of this selected system and associated ethical issues thereon, have been be discussed in the report. 2. Description of the Enterprise System and Its Usage in the UK Banking Sector Contemporary business organisations of today’s modern day context often rely upon various information systems that support them to perform their respective operational functions reliably as well as effectually and help them in keeping valuable information updated. In this similar concern, an enterprise system is fundamentally defined as a packaged application, which supports along with automates various business procedures and most significantly, helps its users to manage business data in an undated and effective manner (Giachetti, 2011; Bruhn, 2009). To be noted in this context, the idea of enterprise system is often viewed as interchangeably used with the notion of enterprise business application or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. There are certain transactions that take place within a business organisation for which, the perception of enterprise system, as an effective electronic business system is applied (Andresen, 2006). In this regard, the transactions can be apparently identified as creating purchase orders, creating various business reports and verifying invoices among others (Gulla, 2004; Myerson, 2001). As per the observation made by Shang & Seddon (2002), enterprise systems are duly considered far-reaching organisational systems that have been constructed around packaged enterprise system software. According to Shang & Seddon (2002), enterprise systems generally contain certain modules of packaged application software along with an incorporated architecture that are largely executed by various modern organisations for dissimilar purposes. These purposes include integrating valuable data and most vitally, coordinating business or operational procedures along with accessible information technologies (Kvavik & et. al., 2002; Shang & Seddon, 2002). One of the prime facets of enterprise system, which eventually raised its significance in this modern business world, is its effectiveness and intention to deliver maximum privacy as well as security to its users when accessing any sort of data relating to the business or operational procedure (IBM, n.d.). After acquiring a brief idea about the notion of enterprise systems, it can be apparently observed that this particular electronic business system is applied in every business sector or industry whether public or private. In this similar context, the concept of enterprise systems is identified as immensely in use by the banking sector of the UK. It is worth mentioning in this similar concern that the banking sector of the UK has been making an extensive use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs, which is also identified as a type of enterprise system, in order to attract the customers with its enhanced capacity to suffice their respective needs along with preferences. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the adoption rate of this particular software is quite high in the UK as compared to the other nations of the world like USA and Canada. It has correspondingly been witnessed that the emerging economies, specifically in the UK, are adopting this sort of enterprise system as one of the tools of competing in the worldwide business market segments (Malik, 2010). Identifiably, the banking sector players operating in the UK are much aware about effective application of CRM software and thus, are invested substantially in developing CRM based warehousing software systems along with tools of data mining. In their recent operations, the UK banks belonging have been largely using the above-discussed types of enterprise system through which, they are now able to reap certain significant benefits. These benefits include analysing along with segregating the requirements of the customers, evaluating the risks relating to loss and intending accurate forecast of the demand as well as the delivery mechanisms for dissimilar sorts of customers. In addition, the banking sector of the UK seems to leverage information, particularly for selling and most vitally, for developing the effectiveness of new customer marketing campaigns through the productive utilisation of CRM software, as one a type of enterprise system. It is worth mentioning in this context that the CRM software is used in the banking sector of the UK as an internal centralised based system, which is broadly executed by every member working in such banks. Through the usage of this particular sort of enterprise system, the UK banks able to view diverse accounts of the customers in a detailed and convenient manner, resulting in smoother operational procedures and developing overall performances in a time-efficient, cost effective and resourceful manner (Malik, 2010). In order to determine the usage of this enterprise system, i.e. CRM software particularly in the banking sector of the UK, it can be affirmed that this specific enterprise system assists these organisations to integrate as well as coordinate their respective operational areas quite effectively (Malik, 2010). Generally, according to Malik (2010), the chief operational areas of a bank comprise the aspects like marketing along with sales, service as well as support and information technology with integrated systems. Thus, the CRM software, acting as one of the sorts of enterprise system certainly supports the banks to manage the above-discussed chief operational areas. The commonly practiced application techniques for better utilisation of the CRM softward comprise generating greater value to the customers, raising customer retention along with loyalty, improving account management and promoting quality management. Besides, the other ways of managing the above presented operational areas through CRM software include raising customer satisfaction, monitoring database management as well as data warehousing, developing security systems, installing upgraded hardware along with software, advancing Sales Force Automation (SFA) and enhancing cross and up-selling (Malik, 2010). 3. Tools and Techniques for Evaluating E-Business Systems Prior to determining the tools along with the techniques that both businesses and organisations might use for evaluating their respective e-business systems, it is quite essential to acquire a brief idea about diverse sorts of e-business systems or enterprise systems that are readily accessible in the modern day context. In this similar context, according to Napier & et. al. (2005), the various sorts of e-business systems or enterprise systems encompass ‘storefront software’, ‘enterprise resource planning’ (ERP), ‘content management system’ (CMS), ‘decision-support system’ (DSS) and ‘customer relationship management’ (CRM). It would be vital to mention in this similar concern that the evaluation of the above presented e-business systems generally comes into practice at the time when the organisations experience shortage of business intelligence (BI) particularly in their respective decision-making procedures. Thus, there often lays the requirement of evaluating the varied e-business models in a frequent and effective manner. As noted by Ghazanfari & Rouhani (2011), there are certain fundamental tools as well as techniques through which, businesses and organisations might use enterprise systems for evaluating their respective e-business operations with greater flexibility and ease. In this similar context, as per the observation made by Ghazanfari & Rouhani (2011), these tools along with the techniques entail “Optimisation and Recommended Model”, “Analytical and Intelligent Decision-support” and “Stakeholder Satisfaction.” In addition, the other tools as well as techniques encompass “Reasoning”, “Providing Related Experimentation and Integration with Environmental Information” and “Enhanced Decision-making Tools” (Ghazanfari & Rouhani, 2011). The criteria for evaluating the above-discussed e-business systems, with respect to “Analytical and Intelligent Decision-support” tool, include web and mobile channels in common, visual graphs, data warehouses, techniques relating to data mining, intelligent as well as multi agent and summarisation. The evaluation criteria, in relation to “Providing Related Experimentation and Integration with Environmental Information” technique comprise problem clustering, group decision-making, flexible models, grouping of different experiments, environment awareness and importing along with exporting data or reporting through one particular system to other. The criteria for evaluating the above-discussed e-business systems with regards to “Optimisation and Recommended Model” comprise simulation models, learning techniques, optimisation practices, risk simulation and prototyping models of dynamic and evolutionary. The evaluation criteria, with respect to “Reasoning” tool, herewith includes knowledge reasoning, forward as well as backward reasoning and tools of financial analyses. Notable criteria for evaluating the above discussed e-business systems relating to “Enhanced Decision-making Tools” encompass MCDM tools and fuzzy decision-making. Finally, the evaluation criteria with regards to “Stakeholder Satisfaction” technique mainly contain reliability as well as precision of analysis and satisfaction of the shareholders (Ghazanfari & Rouhani, 2011). In relation to enterprise system, there are certain tools along with techniques that might be used by the businesses and the organisations for evaluation of their information as required in the regular operations. These tools as well as techniques, as identified by Mihallescu & et. al. (2007), function on the basis of “Event-controlled Process Chain (EPC), representing the foundation for all process modelling actions as well as structures, inclusive application platforms that assist in the maintenance of business blue print and accelerators aiding in smooth completion of implementation stages (Mihallescu & et. al., 2007). Thus, based on the above analysis, it can be affirmed from a broader perspective that the above discussed factors would certainly provide active support to the businesses and the organisation of this modern day context, enhancing decision support and strengthening the same for the decision makers. This, in turn, will certainly make both the businesses and the modern organisations to formulate various effective decisions, resulting in superior competitive position over the chief business market participants in the respective industries, wherein they operate. 4. Evaluation of Enterprise System within the Context of Alter’s Work System Principle “Create Value from Information” Prior to evaluating the selected e-business system, i.e. enterprise system applying the Alter’s Work System Principle, for “create value from information”, a brief understanding about this principle of Alter requires to be obtained. It can be apparently observed in this similar context that the work system principle of Alter, i.e. “create value from information”, implies four particular stages of a work system. These stages include ‘initiation’, ‘development’, ‘implementation’ and ‘operation along with maintenance.’ This can be better comprehended with the help of the following graphical representation. According to Alter’s Work System Principle, i.e. “create value from information”, the ‘initiation’ phase denotes the commencement of a new work system. Based on this particular principle, the ‘development’ phase signifies the adoption as well as the execution of effective strategies and practices progressing towards the innovative work system. Specially mentioning, the phase of ‘implementation’ is usually regarded as the procedure of making a newly developed work system, operational specifically, within a business organisation. Finally, in accordance with Alter’s Work System Principle of “create value from information”, the ‘operation and maintenance’ stage represents the continuing operations of the work system along with the information system that supports business and organisations to attain a superior competitive position as compared to others (Alter, 2002). By taking into concern the above-discussed features of Alter’s Work System Principle to “create value from information”, the selected e-business practice of enterprise system can be evaluated based on the four phases that include ‘initiation’, ‘development’, ‘implementation’ and ‘operation along with maintenance.’ With regards to the ‘initiation’ phase based on Alter’s Work System Principle of “create value from information”, the selected e-business practice of enterprise system can be evaluated by recognising the business needs, forming as well as developing a preliminary costs schedule and identifying the technical as well as business risks. It is worth mentioning in this similar context that the result of this stage would eventually reflect in the decision of making substantial investments in an introductory plan of project management within the banking sector. In relation to the ‘development’ phase, the selected e-business method of enterprise system can be evaluated by making effective planning regarding various significant aspects. These aspects comprise determination of project costs, design of appropriate work schedule and development performance base lines among others. Specially mentioning, the outcome of this phase would certainly assist in validating the project baselines and planning at large. Relating to the phase of ‘implementation’, the selected e-business method of enterprise system can be evaluated by inspecting the performance of the already delivered systems, incorporating diverse measures of security control and focusing on optimising the performance levels in the UK banking sector (HHS, 2010; Hu & et. al., n.d.; Radack, n.d.). Finally, with regards to the ‘operation along with maintenance’ phase, the selected e-business practice of enterprise system can be evaluated mainly by operating, developing and modifying the existing work systems. Evaluation of enterprise system in this phase can also be performed through operating as well as preserving the production or operational systems, conducting yearly operational analyses and making effective operational decisions among others. It is worth mentioning that two significant aspects play a decisive role in this phase of ‘operation along with maintenance’ in accordance with Alter’s Work System Principle to “create value from information”. These aspects comprise accessibility of quality data and allocation of accurate as well as timely subject attributes. It is strongly believed that the outcome of this phase would certainly help in determining the current operational costs, performance schedule and most vitally, accelerate performance benchmarks (HHS, 2010; Hu & et. al., n.d.; Radack, n.d.). 5. Key Benefits and Challenges Arising From the Enterprise System and Associated Ethical Issues It has been previously mentioned that enterprise systems for the UK banking sector are commonly viewed to be software packages encompassing certain significant aspects like CSR and SCM among others, which assist businesses and organisations to manage data and utilise available resources in an effective manner (Moller, 2006; Nightingale & Rhodes, 2004). By taking into concern this valuable insight of enterprise systems, it can be affirmed that several key benefits tend to arise from the enterprise systems. These benefits derived from the enterprise systems can be measured in terms of several dimensions that include operational, organisational, managerial, IT infrastructure and strategic benefits to the UK banking companies. In this similar context, the operational benefits that arise from the enterprise systems include reduced level of costs, lessened cycle time and enhancement in productivity, quality as well as customer service. It is worth mentioning in this regard that the managerial benefits, which arise from the enterprise systems comprise enhanced level of management decision-making, greater allocation as well as control of the accessible organisational resources, effective performance management, greater monitoring of the operational functions and active support for the required strategic decision (Shang & Seddon, n.d.). Apart from operational and managerial benefits, the strategic benefits arising from the e-business practice of enterprise system entail quick business growth as well as alliance, massive innovation, enhanced product differentiation and developed external linkages among others. In relation to IT infrastructure related benefits, the e-business practice of enterprise system aids the UK banking organisations to lessen IT associated costs, facilitate superior organisational flexibility and increased level of capability particularly in fast and effective execution of new applications. Finally, the organisational benefits that can be availed from enterprise system are raising employees’ morale along with satisfaction, improving employees’ responsibilities and developing the individual performance of the personnel (Scribd Inc., 2014; Shang & Seddon, n.d.). While discussing the key benefits and challenges arising from the e-business practice of enterprise system, it can be apparently observed that enterprise system seems to be quite advantageous for the contemporary UK banking organisations, customers to the industry and the overall community. This can be justified with reference to the fact that in relation to the organisations, enterprise system aids in expanding business to various national as well as international business places and shortening or eradicating marketing distribution channels (Hoyer & et. al., 2011). Moreover, the other banking benefits arising from enterprise systems are supporting business to compete with competitors, facilitating in lowering inventories through applying pull type supply chain and lessening the operational costs like distributing along with storing, processing and retrieving valuable information among others (Johansson & Newman, 2009; Hill & Harris, 2007). The benefits provided to the banking customers by enterprise systems are accessing information about the business as well as the organisation according to their convenience, enabling them to avail quality and customised products or services from the UK banks. Apart from these, enterprise systems provide benefits to the community in the form of lessening the chances of having any ambiguity concerning data access and offering the societal members with such products and/or services that comply with their respective requirements (George & et. al., n.d.; VTU, n.d.). Apart from the aforementioned benefits that can be reaped from the e-business method of enterprise system by the UK banking sector, certain challenges associated with this particular notion have also been recognised. One of such crucial challenges arising from the enterprise system is the cost factor. This can be justified with reference to the fact that implementing and organising as well as managing enterprise systems often found to be quite expensive for the banking organisations as maximum costs are incurred in performing the same such as the training costs (Filipe & Cordeiro, 2009). Apart from the cost factor, another challenge arising from the enterprise system is the need for providing comprehensive and quality training to the personnel belonging to any particular organisation. As the enterprise systems function on the basis of the software packages that are required to be utilised by the UK banks for reaping the above-discussed benefits, the employees attached with these organisation must possess a brief idea about those software packages in order to make the process effective. In this regard, the training costs might prove quite expensive for the organisations, as the training programs would comprise the engagement of experienced professionals or consultants and expensive training modules among others (Pinto & Garvey, 2012; Targowski, 2007). The other challenge arising from the e-business mechanism of enterprise system as applied by the UK banking organisations is the difficulty of customising such systems i.e. the enterprise systems. This is mainly towing to the reason that once the enterprise systems are implemented, they require to be upgraded periodically, often within an interval of few years. It is obvious that if the UK banking organisations lack in upgrading the enterprise systems, they might have to face distortions in their respective performances in terms of complexities arising in the overall operational functions and wastage of resources as well as time in the process of accessing data. Above all, the consumption of time taken by the employees in the UK banking sector, while acquiring effective training about the enterprise systems, might eventually affect their individual productivity, hampering the overall performance of the organisations at large. This can further be affirmed as the most critical challenges arising from the enterprise systems. It will be vital to mention in this similar concern that as the enterprise systems require greater level of training for their effective implementation, it is obvious that the personnel of the banking organisations in the UK might feel it tough to handle such situation. This, in turn, might affect the operational functions of various organisations by a considerable degree (Hoseini, 2012; University of Pennsylvania, n.d.). 6. Ethical Issues Associated With the Enterprise System Prior to discussing about the ethical issues associated with the enterprise systems relating to the banking sector, it is quite essential to acquire a brief understanding about the technological trends, which raise ethical issues at large. In this similar context, the technological trends that have been found as raising various sorts of ethical issues in the banking sector that include rapid increase of computing power, speedy decline in the costs of data storage, advancement of employing data analysis techniques and gaining momentum of online transactions among others. It would be vital to mention that certain underlying potential reasons exists for which, numerous ethical issues linked with the enterprise systems in the banking sector can be apparently observed. One of such reasons is identifiable in terms of enterprise systems that tend to generate opportunities for making intense societal change, resulting in threatening the existing allocations of money, rights along with obligations and power (Hawking, 2007; Salehnia, 2002; Pearson Education, n.d.). Ethical issues associated with the enterprise systems in banking sector have also gained their momentum due to increased level of e-commerce activities performed by the existing industry members. As can be apparently observed, the employment of effective enterprise systems have raised certain ethical issues such as lessening the need for recruiting workforce in order to perform any operational function. As the enterprise systems are incessantly supporting the modern banking organisations in performing their respective operational functions, a greater level of inequality is made with the personnel diminishing their need in conducting the same. Specially mentioning, the ethical issues that are primarily linked with enterprise systems linked with the UK banking sector encompass information rights along with obligations, accountability as well as control, quality of life and system quality. These ethical issues also raise the questions as to how the information rights can be protected and the ways the rights relating to traditional intellectual property can be safeguarded in a digital community as well as those concerning the standards of system quality ought to be maintained (Hawking, 2007; Salehnia, 2002; Pearson Education, n.d.). 7. Conclusion Based on the above discussion and analysis, it has been found that enterprise system is usually transforming into an effective e-business system, which aids the businesses and the organisations of this modern day context to attain greater level of success. Notably, there are various sorts of enterprise systems, primarily including SCM and CSR among others. Enterprise systems are often observed as implemented in every business sector or industry. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the banking sector of the UK has largely been implementing enterprise systems during the conduct of their various banking related operations. In this similar context, the UK banking sector is recognised to adopt and implement CSR tool as one of the effective enterprise systems for serving the customers with their utmost requirements. Several key benefits are therefore viewed to be arising from enterprise systems that entail decreased level of operational costs, improved management decision-making, effective utilisation of the available resources and greater performance management among others. Despite of having such benefits, certain challenges are also arising from the enterprise systems. These challenges are mainly observed in the form of increased investments by the banks with the purpose of providing effective training facilities to the personnel regarding the enterprise systems and managing these enterprise systems effectively among others. Thus, it can be concluded that enterprise systems, if managed as well as organised effectively, might prove to be quite favourable for the UK banking organisations to accomplish their desired targets at large. References Alter, S., 2002. Information Systems: Foundation of E-Business. Pearson Education India. Andresen, K., 2006. Design and Use Patterns of Adaptability in Enterprise Systems. GITO mbH Verlag. Braithwaite, T., 2002. Securing E-Business Systems: A Guide for Managers and Executives. John Wiley & Sons. Bruhn, J., 2009. A Realistic Approach for the Autonomic Management of Component-based Enterprise Systems. University of Bamberg Press. Corbitt, B. J. & Al-Qirim, N. A. Y., 2004. 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