Resource Collection on Disabilities - Annotated Bibliography Example

RESOURCE COLLECTION ON DISABILITIES Cerebral Palsy: of characteristics and potential impact on development: Citation: a. http www.mayoclinic.org/cerebral-palsy/treatment.html http://neurology.health-cares.net/cerebral-palsy-treatment.php b. Thorogood, Christine & Alexander, Michael A. (2009) Updated: Mar 11, 2009. Cerebral Palsy. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/310740-overview. Krigger, K. W. (2006). Cerebral Pasy: an overview. Am Fam Physician, 73, 91-100. Whelan, M. A. (2004). Practice parameter: diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology, 63,1985-1986. c. Miller, Freeman & Browne, E. (2005). Cerebral palsy (Edition: illustrated). Springer. Finnie, N. R. & Bavin J. (1997). Handling the Young Child with Cerebral Palsy at Home. (3rd ed, illustrated). Elsevier Health Sciences. Description of information: Cerebral palsy is a static developmental abnormality of movement and posture normally caused by cerebral lesions, injury or insult. This nonproliferative disorder mainly occurs in prebirth, peribirth or post birth period. It has been estimated that it is one of the major cause of physical disability and worldwide around 0.2% of live births get affected by cerebral palsy. This developmental disorder is characterised by motor disorders and secondary musculoskeletal problems which restricts patient's physical activity. Apart from mixed characteristics, this disorder is broadly classified into three main categories spastic, dyskinetic and ataxic (Thorogood & Alexander, 2009). This disability has various etiologies depending upon the stage of development. Prebirth cerebral palsy have either genetic, congential causes, while neonatal causes include prematurity, and birthing issues like hemorrhage and hypoxic-ischemic problems. In the post neonatal period the factors which are responsible for cerebral palsy are vascular, hypoxic-ischemic, metabolic, infectious, toxic, teratogenic, traumatic events (Miller & Browne, 2005, p. 30-33). All the developmental domains of children including motor, social, language and communication, and cognition get affected in children suffering from cerebral palsy. Spasticity, Scoliosis or spine curvature are the issues of cerebral palsy leading to shortening of the muscle and thereby changes the posture. Seizures, mental retardation, ataxia are also major impairments. The loss of control and coordination affects all the daily activities. This nonremediable disorder can be opted for multimodal treatment approach to make them relatively biologically and psychologically independent and mature. The individualized strategy adopted for individual treats them according to the status of the disorder and requirements. The personalised plan offers better quality of life to such children by enhancing their strength and preventing further complications of growth. Physical therapy involving muscle training and exercises, orthotic devices, surgery, medications and occupational therapy to relax or loose stiff spastic muscles are some of the intervention techniques which can be used. Speech therapy to develop speech and communication skills, use of hearing aid, eye surgery to rectify vision issues can also be implied depending upon the requirement. In addition to routine multidisciplinary approach of neurologist, an orthopedist, and physical, speech and occupational therapists for the treatment of cerebral palsy patients special advice and emotional backup is required. Private and community resources, social workers' support systems, special education services etc. should be provided regularly at an early age to derive maximum benefit. Autism: Description of characteristics and potential impact on development: Citation: a. kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/brain/autism.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/autism.html b. Brasic, James Robert. Updated: Sep 10, 2008. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/912781-overview Mayoclinic staff, May 31, 2008; Updated May 14, 2009. Treatment and Drugs, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and research. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/autism/DS00348/DSECTION=treatments%2Dand%2Ddrugs c. Simpson, R. L., Myles, B. S., Griswold, D. E., Adams, L. G., de Boer-Ott, S. R. & Kline S. A. (2004). Autism spectrum disorders: interventions and treatments for children and youth. Edition: illustrated, Corwin Press. Moor ,Julia. (2008). Playing, Laughing and Learning with Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Practical Resource of Play Ideas for Parents and Carers. Edition: 2, illustrated. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Description of information: Autism is a pervasive developmental abnormality found in early years of age. Autism and associated disorder are known as autism spectrum disorders. Autism involves neurological impairment leading to brain dysfunctioning. It has been estimated that around 0.2-0.6% of the population get affected by autism spectrum disorders. Boys are four times more affected with autism than girls and do not show any ethnic, racial and social difference. (Simpson, Myles, Griswold, Adams, de Boer-Ott, Kline, 2004, p.2). This disability has various risk factors including genetic, congenital causes, complications during delivery, infectious and toxic agent exposure etc. Maternal rubella and tuberous sclerosis patients are often predisposed to autism (Brasic, 2008) Autism has major negative impact in social, language and communication developmental domains. This developmental disorder is characterised by abnormal social interaction, abrupt and reiterative conversation, and show specific behavioral pattern. These children also suffers from seizures, mental retardation and have low ( Read More