The Art of the Odyssey by Homer - Book Report/Review Example

Odyssey is considered as one of the literary masterpieces of all time. This is originally written by Homer and later on translated by several such as Robert Fagles. This epic poem interprets the human experiences through the presentation of the life of Odysseus and his adventures and journeys. The actual truths were hidden underneath the figurative language and abstract relations stated in the epic poem. Odysseus' life has the impression of complexity of circumstances surrounding him and the entanglement of social connections he has established made his journey increasingly appealing to the audience. The characters of Odyssey are responsible for the illusion of life in a work of fiction. Their behavior and relationships create an impression of reality within the world of literature. Homer invests in his characters-especially Odysseus-with personality and individuality which will explain adequately and believably why they behave the way they do and why they choose to make the decisions and actions stated in the poem. There were numerous characters present in Homer's work. It is very noticeable that the variety of characters ranges from human, gods, elementals and animals. They cause the events in the plot for the actions in response to the situations they face become integral parts of the plot. Argos is most commonly described as the faithful dog of Odysseus. Argos exhibits human characteristics and experiences recognizable human situations. In Fagles' translation of Odyssey, Book XVII mentions the character of Argos as one of the loyal supporters and friends of the Odysseus. Thus, near the gates conferring as they drew, Argus, the dog, his ancient master knew: He not unconscious of the voice and tread, Lifts to the sound his ear, and rears his head; (Book XVII page 363) Odysseus was known to a master of deception. He used his wit and strategies to become an anonymous person that they would fail to recognize until he reveals himself to them. He failed one time in his Argos was able to see Odysseus beyond his clothes and appearance. It is stated in Book XVII that Odysseus disguised himself as beggar to minimally hide his true identity with his return to Ithaca. There were several possible reasons for his plans to deceive other people when it comes to his identity. It could be to protect himself from any unpredictable harm or treachery or he wanted to identify who among his loved ones and closest friends knew him best. And indeed, Argos was one of his faithful followers that he was able to uncover the truth behind the filthy clothes. When Argos recognized that the beggar was Odysseus, it represents how well he remembered his master. Argos was not fooled by the faade that Odysseus used when he returned to Ithaca. Argos showed that in spite of his frail condition due to old age and disease, his mind was still as cunning and sharp that he knew exactly how Odysseus looked though absence challenged him of his memories of Odysseus and of his hope that his master will one day return to Ithaca. He knew his lord; he knew, and strove to meet; In vain he strove to crawl and kiss his feet; Yet (all he could) his tail, his tears, his eyes, Salute his master, and confess his joys. Soft pity touch'd the mighty master's soul; Adown his cheek a tear unbidden stole, (Book XVII page 363) The loyalty of Argos to Odysseus cannot only be measured by the length of time he waited for his master's return but also on the eagerness and happiness he expressed just at the mere sight of Odysseus. His remembrance of the features of his master was not tainted or even forgotten given the time span of twenty years of not seeing Odysseus. The irony was apparent when it was stated that Argos remembered his lord but Odysseus was unable to recognize his most faithful dog. Men were regarded as beings of higher wisdom and intellect balanced out by conscience and emotions. However, the epic poem showed that Argos who was an animal was capable of thinking and feeling like a man. He was able to recall the lord that he waited for twenty years and he felt the same urgency and desire to finally see him home. "What noble beast in this abandon'd state Lies here all helpless at Ulysses' gate His bulk and beauty speak no vulgar praise: If, as he seems, he was in better days, Some care his age deserves; or was he prized For worthless beauty therefore now despised; (Book XVII page 363) The character of Argos was comparable to a Mycenaean soldier. He was a well-known dog in his younger years for he could hunt goats better and faster that any other man. Argos was useful and productive that everyone admired and cared for him. Year passed, his physical strength and agility continuously deteriorates for age was an inevitable competitor. With this state, he was left in the streets to sleep and wander. Food and water became scarce for the people who benefitted from his skills failed to return the favor. Since Argos was no use to the people, they neglected his needs for their ingratitude overwhelmed their concern and admiration for the strong Argos that they once knew. Bred by Ulysses, nourish'd at his board, But, ah! not fated long to please his lord; To him, his swiftness and his strength were vain; The voice of glory call'd him o'er the main. Till then in every sylvan chase renown'd, With Argus, Argus, rung the woods around; With him the youth pursued the goat or fawn, Or traced the mazy leveret o'er the lawn. Now left to man's ingratitude he lay, Unhoused, neglected in the public way; And where on heaps the rich manure was spread, Obscene with reptiles, took his sordid bed. (Book XVII page 363) Mycenaean soldiers had a similar fate. They courageously fought never-ending wars and faced death several times just to be able to protect their great empire. The people loved them and they were praised for they knew they owe their freedom to these brave heroes. After the dark years of war, peace was attained and years went by as the Mycenaean soldiers grew old and weak. Their triumphs and successes were long forgotten. The people failed to pay tribute to the heroes who once selflessly fought for the independence that they have. The dog, whom Fate had granted to behold His lord, when twenty tedious years had roll'd, Takes a last look, and having seen him, dies; So closed for ever faithful Argus' eyes! (Book XVII page 363) Argos died after completing his mission which was to be able to see again his master Odysseus. His death was very untimely for there could have been a reunion of two old friends. He was not able to reveal himself to Odysseus for it was enough for him that he was able to catch a glimpse of Odysseus wearing a disguise and to feel peace knowing that his master was already safe at home. REFERENCE: Camps, William. An Introduction to Homer. Oxford University Press: 1980. Clarke, Howard W. The Art of the Odyssey. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1967. Knox, Bernard. "Introduction." In Homer, the Odyssey, trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Homer, The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fagles New York, Viking Penguin: 1996 Read More