Law Essays

Arabic states in Asia and Africa such as Libya, Egypt, Sudan and Libya and to an extent Ukraine in Europe, has witnessed humanitarian crisis due to armed conflicts, uprisings, rebel attacks and revolutions. The need for democratic space, new constitutions and the enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedom has led to the crisis being witnessed in these states.

It cannot be argued that laws dealing with cybercrime and in particular, cyber victimization in the United Arab Emirates are weak. The point of departure, in this case, is to compare tenets of laws from the United Kingdom and how such laws deal with a single unit of cybercrime---cyber victimization.

Arbitration also referred to as an independent enterprise of the country's judicial system is defined as a method used in dispute resolution that makes use of a third party in making the overall judgment of the dispute. The practice involves the agreement of the third-party by both the conflicting parties with reference to a commercial document that is also agreed upon by the parties.

Individuals and families often borrow money from private and public financial institutions to fund projects like investment, education, and housing. In a similar manner, governments too enter into debts so as to facilitate infrastructural developments in their countries, buy weapons, and provide services such as education and health.

Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that are increasingly using the concept of e-commerce. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is in charge of controlling e-commerce in Saudi Arabia. The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology is responsible for the enforcement of laws that deal with electronic contracts. 

The issues relating to animals are frequently affixed in the media inclusive of animal unkindness offenses, problems of unnecessary friendly animals, using animals in studies, as well as exhaustive farming of animals. Reinforcing the above concerns is an intricate legal guideline, the subject of a significant current trend in the field of Animal law. Some years down the line, the regulation of animal law hardly subsisted in Australia.

The market of Middle East is the prime sports market that is emerging, continually growing and is also offering development. The legal infrastructure, which is related to sports, has to be developed in parallel with the sports market. Although the jurisdiction of UAE comes under a young and minor jurisdiction, its field of laws and dispute resolution is maturing at a fast pace.

It is quite essential to state that the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is a successful international instrument applied in the commercial law fraternity. It was put in place by the United Nations Commission for International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) in the year 1980.

The United Kingdom has received increased criticism for not having a codified constitution. The criticism emanates from other countries in the globe that endeavored to lay down a unique document that defines their constitution. Despite the wave of codifying a constitution spreading all over the globe, and with many countries adopting it, the United Kingdom, Israel, and New Zealand have remained adamant.

A controversial proposal as it is, any new law that touches the Second Amendment in 21st century America touches almost the heart of the American people, and thus, would, now or in the future, elicit a nerve wreaking debate that perhaps leaves both sides of the divide losers; for no one knows for sure, most precisely those leaving in poor urban areas frequently associated with violent, young adult gangs.

For a start-up company like Sara’s, there are two ways to finance its operations - one is by debt financing and the other is by equity financing (Boots, 1991). Debt financing requires debts to raise capital. Equity financing on the other hand is raising capital by selling shares of stocks to the public. 

Criminology is a body of knowledge with the help of which one can know what regulations of a particular area are, how things should be handled while following all the rules and regulations, and how the work should be done. There are certain acts that are illegal and unlawful and with the help of which country or any place can face a lot of problems

Investigation of processes and the presentation of forensic evidence in an adversarial system is carried out by independent and partisan parties. They later present the same to a “passive and neutral trial judge or jury”. In contrast, the mandate of uncovering the truth is vested in an official entity in an inquisitorial system. 

In every petroleum supply and demand shock that rocks the modern world, attention shifts to member countries that form OPEC. Through measurement of real global economic activity, it is easy to determine the impact that OPEC tends to exert on international trade whenever there are supply and demand concerns. 

Gender inequality has always permeated society through shared social understanding, unwritten norms, and even the laws and statutes that govern countries. As a result, women, who are always on the receiving end of gender inequality, are at a disadvantage compared to men. This happens on both economic and development fronts.

David Garland's thesis (2001) is a presentation of the history of penological advancements in the present United States and Britain in the late modern time. The thesis is a presentation of a composite argument about the emergency of a schizophrenic crime-control complex that according to Garland is the feature of the late modern form of punishment.

CLAIMANT John Frost Ltd Company is the proprietor of a 2, 000,000-hectare property, involved in the supply of cattle throughout the year and it is located at Millers Rd, Melbourne. Respondent Honest Dealers Ltd Company buys cattle for transportation to Indonesia. It is located at Nathan Rd, Hong Kong.

The paper is an essay that critically discusses the role of public international law in relation to Darfur. Three major areas are put into the spotlight; these are the principles of public international law involved, whether there is a need to modify some of these involved principles and finally the nature of any modification of the said principles as well as the likelihood of the advantages and disadvantages of any modifications.

A contractual document can be defined as an agreement between two or even more parties and that legally binds the agreed terms between these parties. In most cases, contracts are made in such a way that they contain valid legal agreement terms thus rendering them as being enforceable by law or binding arbitration.

During the last third of the nineteenth century, there were massive developments of trusts in America. Many people thought that this new development of trusts would stiffen the competition and this will result in the manipulation of prices. In response to this, many states enacted laws that could regulate this corporate behavior, especially in the West and Southern states.

The launching of the World Trade Organization (WTO) can be termed a successful endeavor due to its contribution essentially in terms of international trade dispute settlement. Since its establishment in January 1995, the organization has 144 members and the numbers are bound to rise due to increased lobbying by more nations in order to attain membership. 

Market abuse, depicted in the form of insider trading and market manipulation has emerged as a highly destructive practice that not only impacts investor confidence but also affects the credibility of the organization involved in a deleterious way. Insider trading and market manipulation, both lead to significant imbalances in the market.

Generally, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRO) and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWR) demand that managers conduct a fire risk assessment in addition to offering and maintaining such fire precautions as are needed to protect those that utilize the workplace.

Equity is a set of principles that supplements strict rules of law where they would operate harshly. Equity was defined by Maine as a body of rules, founded by district courts in virtue of superior sanctity. There are different principles governing equity, examples will include; he who comes in equity must come with clean hands, equity looks at the intent rather than form etc.

Generally, under the Sherman act, various kinds of restraints including geographical market divisions, group boycotts and price-fixing agreements are illegal per se. The act broadly bans every contract, in the form of conspiracy or trust in restraint of commerce with foreign nations or among several states.

Section 1 of the Sherman Act prohibits conspiracies and combinations while restraining foreign trade’s interstate. Companies that directly compete with each other on agreements come under this provision, Such a thing is called horizontal agreements. Vertical agreements are agreements between businesses operating at different levels of the same product’s distribution or production chain.

It is essential to state that the Public Order Act 1986 was enacted by parliament in order to provide guidance and empowerment to UK citizens to freely exercise their freedom of speech and protest while at the same time keeping off criminal elements from misusing this right to advance injustice and civil disorder.

There is usually quite some bit of disagreement between lawyers and legal experts concerning the legal autonomy of a legal system from other disciplines such as politics and religion. This is usually so in terms of the diverse variety that is usually found among the various legal systems of the world.

The paper outlines the relationship between law and justice and how they work together to enhance order in a state. The paper provides a clear picture of law and justice. It also contains all the details of the law and its types as well as justice and its types. The paper further focuses on the tensions that affect the law and justice of the states. Lastly, it comes up with solutions to the tensions caused by different processes.

New Zealand law dates back to the colonization periods of the 18th and 19th centuries. Before 1840, the Polynesians discovered and colonized New Zealand. The Mauri was the main culture. Abel Tasman was the first Dutch explorer to discover New Zealand and named it “Staten Landt” which means “land of the state’s General.”

Upholding the rule of law and complying to set standards, ethics, guidelines and regulations is mandatory for societies globally. The rule of law is, reinforced in social, political, legal, economic, and cultural and financial contexts to prevent individuals from committing vices and helps in fostering peace, order, decorum, unity and love among members of a community (Crow, 2001).

Generally, the reforms are important because they work towards reducing crime rates although they are leading to high populations in the prisons hence the criminals may not be well rehabilitated because of the little attention accorded to each. Some do not change their behaviors even after being imprisoned.

The existence of international trade occurs due to the following reasons; the presence of an uneven distribution of resources between nations thus, the need for international trade to close the gap, due to the fact that every country has diverse weaknesses and strengths in terms of capital, technology, labour and land thus through specialization, international trade occurs.

At least each society in the world has a set of laws to guide the conduct of its people. It is difficult to imagine a society that is not guided by law, and morality, and every individual has the liberty to act as he pleases, for and against himself, and others.  On the other hand, it is almost impossible to justify whether the law should be used to enforce morality, or morality to enforce the law.

The government of Shenzhen, a city located in the southern province of Guangdong, China, has invited JR International, Inc. to invest in its Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Two areas of investment are being considered: a hotel project, and; a manufacturing project. JR is a multinational with its main headquarters located in Texas and is engaged in the hotel industry as well as in semiconductor manufacturing.

Similarly, the duty of the buyer is to take reasonable steps to take the delivered goods and pay on time. CISG ensures that the goods delivered are of the right quantity, quality, and description as stated in the contract. The sellers are to ensure that they deliver goods that are not subject to the claim of the third party.

The EU is also the most important case among the regional trading agreements of policies aimed at the promotion of competition because of the deep integration in the area, which includes competition law and other policies that have an impact on competition, and because of the large number of countries now involved in these policies. 

Terrorism entails acts and threats that are projected and planned to push political, religious, missions, and objectives by using force and intimidation against governments and the public by inflicting severe damage and destruction to property and people. Currently, terrorism is a modern-day challenge that threatens to destroy the human race.  

Although the UAE government has been strict about enforcing piracy and patent laws and committed to protecting creativity, piracy still exists. According to Al Abed et al, UAE’s piracy level is at 34% and this includes street-selling pirated software CDs and DVDs despite stringent legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and intensive raids.

This form of business has become common in China and is the entry strategy of choice for many foreign companies wishing to explore the Chinese market. Since China joined the World Trade Organization, it has drastically relaxed its legal barriers so as to encourage open competition from foreign firms. 

In the United Kingdom, the fire service department has the role of taking care of fire incidents in the UK. The UK fire service values fitness for firefighters to a very large extent. During recruitment, fitness is considered a very important factor and those seeking to join the fire department must pass the set tests for fitness.

The technology of cloud computing is at its development stage as far as its implementation and usage are concerned. This is caused by the heavy advancement in the technology that constitutes cloud computing. The concept of cloud computing emerges from the desire of information technologists to incorporate new content into information processing

The WTO dispute settlement system is the body’s enforcement mechanism. It is triggered when a member state disputes a trade policy or measure of another for violating a WTO rule or rules or for failing to meet an obligation or when a group of third-party states declares that it has a collective interest against a member state.

Bouncing cheques in the UK is not yet considered a criminal offense, but in UAE it is punishable by a jail term. In the next section, we shall examine how this law is applied in the UAE before we attempt to compare and contrast the different attitudes and subsequent laws these two countries have as it pertains to fraud in the transfer of money.  

International commercial arbitration is an alternative means to a court action that transnational parties can resort to in resolving conflicts arising from commercial transactions. It involves a third party, called the arbitrator or arbitrator, sitting with the parties to resolve their business differences.  

Given the mandate to review the sense of privacy in 2006, the Australian Law Reform Commission divided privacy into various related concepts, namely: bodily privacy, information privacy, territorial privacy, and privacy of communication. Further, it pointed out the uncertainty concerning the existence of the tort of intrusion in Australian law.

Experiences encountered in the field during evidence collection and management in UAE with a special focus on Tzlad state. Further, the strengths and challenges encountered are explored. The ways in which evidence contributes to effective detection and subsequent conviction of crime are as well examined.

The standards for determining whether directors breached their duty of care and diligence were applied in ASIC v Vines. In this case standard of care and diligence was measured based on what a reasonable and prudent person would do and what an appointee with special skills would do in the given circumstances. 

The paper notes that companies limited by share are fundamentally different from a sole proprietorship, as shareholder liability is limited to their capital contribution or share subscription in case of a balance owing. This rises from the fact that an incorporated company is a separate legal entity from its owners. 

It seems a confident and bold step to advocate about or rather, against the legitimacy of the jury system in any jurisdiction. Scholars have succinctly aired their concern regarding the writ of habeas corpus as well as trial by the jury, to an extent of making it a little less compared with the gift of divine inspiration.