Assessment of Media Concerning Criminal Justice - Literature review Example

Australian aboriginals Institution: Name: Date Table of Contents Media Analysis Report 4 Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 1.Closing the Gap 'doomed to fail' without more Indigenous input, 5 2.Time to Turn a Light on Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 5 3.Death of 10-year-old Aboriginal girl 6 4.Longest serving Australian Prisoner 6 5.Kimberley Grog Restrictions 6 6.Race among the Aboriginals 7 7.Rise of ideologies among the Aboriginals 7 8.Indigenous suicide rates 7 9.Sexual Violence among Aboriginal communities 8 10.Jills Millstream 8 11.Effect of white settlement on Aboriginal people 8 12.Australian Aboriginal Prison Population 9 13.Julieka Dhu’s Mother 9 14.Queer Movement in Australia 9 15.Action on Indigenous leaders 10 16.Abortion in Australia 10 17.Josephine Cashman thoughts 10 18.Deaths in Custody 10 19.Aboriginal Woman of the year 11 20.Aboriginal Girls abuse 11 21.Statement of Aboriginal women budget 11 22.Living Out Loud among the Aboriginals 12 23.Criminal prevention strategies in Australia 12 24.Royal commission hearing of an Aboriginal case 12 25.Sex offenders 13 26.Survivors and Thrivers in 2016 13 27.Reforms in Australia Indigenous media 13 28.Temporary foster children care 13 29.Bishop on Terror meetings 14 30.Private Law 14 31.Suicide among Aboriginal children 14 32.Prison live in Australia 15 33.Challenge of Drug Driving laws 15 34.Drug abuse among the Aboriginals 15 35.Marriage of same sex 15 Findings and Interpretation 16 Conclusion 16 Bibliography List 18 Media Analysis Report Executive Summary Media in the society is very helpful in that it helps in highlighting the issues that concern the society. There are different perspectives and theories that some media articles use to communicate their information. There are crime theories that require experts to compare their ideas with the emerging issues in the current world and therefore, media is well equipped with such experts. Today, people prefer the reading of news articles than the viewing of televisions because these articles do not only target local audience but also an international audience. Relevant issues are commonly explained using of images. Introduction Criminal justice, for example, court matters, racial segregation, aboriginal people, corruption, and abortion are common issues that crops in the society, therefore, a number of news articles have developed an interest to deal with these issues. There is a wide area of crime justice and therefore, should be covered consistently since these crimes may crop up now and then. The following are the media crime theories; pluralism, developmental theory, Marxism, libertarian, and functionalism. Two or more of these crime theories can be combined in the media article to the arrangement and submission of their information to the readers of aboriginal people in Australia. This essay will analyze media articles that deal with topics in criminal justice and also tend to highlight the theories of crime that are in media. Article analysis 1. Closing the Gap 'doomed to fail' without more Indigenous input, This article explains in detail how the leaders should apply the Gap policy to the aboriginals of Australia. The article is written in a simple language since its publication sets its target audience worldwide. The article published on the Australian broadcasting corporation news website includes functionalist approach. This is because all aspects of justice system harmoniously work with the other aspects. Natasha (2006) argues that indigenous entities have to contribute for the policy to be a successful failure to which, things will be very difficult for the leaders. 2. Time to Turn a Light on Aboriginal Deaths in Custody This article lay emphasize on the death of Miss Dhu, who was detained in Western Australia. The news is reported in a very simple language. The death rate in custody was increasing contrary to Ethan’s (2016) argument that sentences should not lead to deaths. This article employs the theory of functionalism. The article conveys how the activists of human rights come in to ensure that there is fairness among the aboriginals. Here, the media uses an image and a detailed explanation focusing on the functionalism theory. 3. Death of 10-year-old Aboriginal girl The article involves a press to the Australian government and also the international community to pursue justice to the Australian girl (Eleanor, 2016). It pays attention to the elaboration on the native issue. The article employs the theory of libertarian; a theory that that enhances the support for an equal justice among the Australian aboriginals. The article also contains a narration that takes a form of a conversation between two characters by the name Imogen and Mick. This conversation and narration give the reader glimpse of what is happening in Australia. 4. Longest serving Australian Prisoner Lateline on ABC TV highlighted this news article. The article is all about a man who had to spend a sentence of 42 years. The article clearly shows how the Australian aboriginals were jailed for long terms for even crimes that were not due. The crimes were in a position to be solved through restorative justice. The imprisoned murderer spent many years in prison and went through harsh life during the imprisonment (John, 2016). This article informs about the prisoner using functionalism theory. It uses a single image and also uses a language that is also simple. The article also involves a simple dialogue. 5. Kimberley Grog Restrictions This article is from the ABC. This article tries to persuade for alcoholic beverage restriction. Since the media emphasizes on the significance of a suitable form of justice, it uses functionalism media theory. The article is not targeted to the aboriginals but, international audience. 6. Race among the Aboriginals The readers’ focus is clearly attracted by use of an image used in this article. The article not only uses the image to attract the attention of the readers but also the article uses sentences that are well structured. The article does not only target the local audience but also the international audience. The article uses a long explanation that creates attraction to the readers and makes it interesting. Among the Australian aboriginals, the color should not hinder anyone in Australia since every person in Australia has an equal right to live (Kerry & Lisa, 2016). The article employs the theory of functionalism to emphasize the issues in the aboriginal population in Australia. 7. Rise of ideologies among the Aboriginals This article addresses the differences in ideology among the indigenous in Australia and uses detailed explanation and also some images to highlight this indifference of their ideology. This article is one among the best article that ever addressed issues that are related to the native. Grammar is simple and targets a worldwide audience. 8. Indigenous suicide rates It is all about the increase in suicidal rates in the Australian aboriginals. The article, however, involves an explanation that supports two images that are used to pass the information. The article does not only give a summary of what takes away people’s lives but also educate the people. Indigenous counselors should be involved in the guidance and counseling to the native population while the suicidal cases should be responded by the hotline of the specialists (Gavin & Kia, 2016). In this article, the reporters use the theory of development to intricate the issue. 9. Sexual Violence among Aboriginal communities Sexual harassment has been greatly increasing among the Australian aboriginal population (Andrea, 2016). Andrea emphasizes the importance of having a criminal justice process that aids victims while they charge their perpetrator. The reporter employs short explanations that are accompanied by images. In directing the society to the correct direction, the writer uses the Marxist theory. This article unlike other articles it set its target to the Australian natives. 10. Jills Millstream This documentary, involves a native Australian, who went back to the rural are in search for reconciliation as well as justice. The article signals the reality that people are yearning for bright future in their home area (Ngurra, 2016). The video uses a simplified language so that every aboriginal person can be in a position to understand. In delivering the message of hope and reconciliation the reporter uses the theory of development. 11. Effect of white settlement on Aboriginal people This is a video that tries to find out how the aboriginals came to settle at the bush camps and also how they settled at the Lake Entrance town. The article uses the theory of functionalism and also deals with the indigenous people. The video targets to the worldwide audience. It uses images and also has subtitles that help the viewers and listeners from foreign countries to comprehend the situations that resulted in the settlement of the whites in the aboriginals’ country. This video is made available from SBS website. 12. Australian Aboriginal Prison Population The article is based on prisons’ performance in the native country. It is obtained from the regional news. The article is able to attract its audience by the help of one attractive, and large image also uses simple language and also it’s in the form of graphic. The number of native prisoners has been increasing by 9% compared to 2015 (Andrea, 2016). The increase in the number of native imprisonment signals that there is a rise in the rate of crimes among the aboriginals. The reporter applies the theory of functionalism in his explanation of the significance of social work among the indigenous. 13. Julieka Dhu’s Mother This article has a lot of pity and is well explained. It was written by Ella &Craig (2016). The character (Dhu) died out of unknown reasons while he was in custody. The article is well explained having an image of Dhu’s mother as a caption. The article clearly uses Marxism theory in elaborating the native people. The reporter targeted audience from the entire world. The article is also designed for the audience to get finer information since it is in a form of graphic. 14. Queer Movement in Australia The article tries to explain how the indigenous should set the queer movement to be independent. According to Madde (2016), foreigners should pay attention to the focus laid by the aboriginal queers. Media theories offer justifiable information by the use of images and also the use of lengthy explanations. Since there is a use of all aspects of society the reporter uses the theory of functionalism. The article sets a target to the audience from the entire world. It incorporates the use of a simple language that is easily understood. 15. Action on Indigenous leaders The article clearly highlights the issues with the poor performer government employees. The article bases itself on an interview conducted by one television program to the Australian prime minister. The content is well justified by the use of descriptive language. It applies the theory of Marxism. The Australian native leadership should give a chance to assisting the Australians aboriginals on justice issues (Stan, 2016). The article also applies the libertarian theory. It targets a worldwide audience. 16. Abortion in Australia This article shows how abortion rate should be dealt with in Australia. The information in this article is Cleary justified by the help of application of a vivid description. The article employs the Marxism theory. At some point, the Australian law permits abortion but only for the first 28 days, that is, Act (2016). This article uses a detailed explanation, but it does not include the use of images. It set its target to the international audience, and it applies the approach of libertarian and also applies vivid explanation. 17. Josephine Cashman thoughts This article rotates around Josephine’s view on how to defend herself. Among the people who work to defend the native’s justice is Josephine. This article uses the approach of functionalism to emphasize on the indigenous on criminal justice. Regardless of the people’s accusation, Josephine is not hyped (Josephine, 2016). 18. Deaths in Custody The article involves a short story in which relevant information is communicated. The article uses Marxism approach. Rachael (2016) argues that in prisons where native prisoners are the majority the men mortality rate is recorded high. The narration by the writer uses ordinary language. Violent practices that take away prisoners’ lives should be done away with. This is how the author sets her recommendation. 19. Aboriginal Woman of the year Dana is one of the native women. She was the native woman of the year. Dana laid her commitment and effort to ensure that she won a criminal justice among the aboriginals, Australian women. Andrea (2016) argued that among the favorites for the highly yearned prize was Dana. The reporter uses a simple language to communicate the message. The article uses the theory of pluralism and the theory of development. 20. Aboriginal Girls abuse This article involves one Australian native girl and the way the court system deals with the perpetrators. The government is urged by the publics to pay the families large compensations (Natasha, 2016). This topic is thoroughly dealt with by the reporter by use of one image and also a well-detailed explanation. The theory of pluralism is used in this article. In this case, the human rights are observed, example the case of Parramatta girls 21. Statement of Aboriginal women budget The aboriginal system dealt with in this article emphasizes the importance of the women having a budgetary system, for it was one of the many ways that the native people would be strengthened (Miranda, 2016). The information is passed through the use of a detailed explanation and also by use of two images. This article applies the functionalism theory as it identifies a number of legislations and aids to come up with their reports and publish the native justice. The article targets the worldwide audience and uses descriptions to advocate for justice for the Australian natives people. 22. Living Out Loud among the Aboriginals It rotates around the way the Australian natives conducts their lives. The living standard of Australians is evaluated by Chris Howden by using a radio program. Chris (2016) found that criminal activities and the consequences of these activities are feared by most of the people. The reporters applied the theory of libertarian. The theory highlights all the information required by the reader in order for the reader to know the truth from that information. The message in this article is communicated by use of a single image and also given a vivid explanation. 23. Criminal prevention strategies in Australia Cyber-crimes in Australia have been rising not only in the private sectors but also in the governmental department. Keen (2016) has been dealing with the crime prevention. This crime prevention issue is discussed through short narration and by use of several images. The article employs the theory of pluralism to pass its information. Since the article aims at eradicating the native matters of online crimes it targets its audience to the natives. 24. Royal commission hearing of an Aboriginal case The article is involved with the different kinds of crimes in Australia and the types of systems of the judiciary that are found in Australia. Native survivors had no enough money to handle a case in the courts as per one of the prosecutor’s argument (Mark, 2016). The message is conveyed by the reporter by use of two images and also by the use of vivid explanation. The article uses the theory of functionalism and targets the audience from within the country. 25. Sex offenders This article does not only deal with male sex offenders but also female offenders. These sex crimes are; gender discrimination, rape and sex molestation. This article is related to criminology journals to the native rights. The message is passed to readers by use of short explanations and also uses three images. This article uses Marxism theory because it lay much emphasize control of media over the people (Rice & Harris). The audiences targeted an international audience. 26. Survivors and Thrivers in 2016 This article emphasizes on the recognition of native survivors over the year 2016. This is according to Andrea (2016). Here, the message is communicated by the help of an image and also the use of detailed explanation. The reporter applies the theory of pluralism and also uses ordinary language for the message to be understood better. The article set a target of a national audience. Rosalie Monks is one of the survivors who still thrive in the year 2016. 27. Reforms in Australia Indigenous media The article focuses on amendments to the eradication of some media laws. The message is well conveyed by the use of a long narration and use of several images. It also employs the theory of pluralism targeting the international audience. Michael (2016) argues that the amendments proposed would have a positive impact on Australian media. 28. Temporary foster children care The article is all about the limits imposed by the government of Australia on the parents who depends on the adopted children. Ordinary language is used in order to pass the information. The article also includes a large image to support the information. The government must provide the native people’s demand on adopted children (Grant, 2016). The article’s writer uses the theory of Marxism. 29. Bishop on Terror meetings Because of the interaction of different cultures, there is a threat of terrorism, the article, therefore, addresses this as an indigenous population’s threat. The native leaders have joined hands with international communities to curb the situation. The reports use vivid descriptions to pass the information. There is a flow of the information and also the use of images to convey the message clearly. APP (2016) argues that, Julie Bishop; a foreign minister counter attacks terrorism through his hard work, in helping other countries. 30. Private Law Challenges faced by the private laws in Australia are dealt in this article. In this article, the writer combines pluralism and functionalism to convey the message to the readers. The author targets international audience and for that reason, he uses ordinary law. Regardless of the nature of any law, fundamental laws should be uniformly applied (Burrow, 2016). 31. Suicide among Aboriginal children This article is meant to address a death that struck the native community. The death according to James (2016) should worry the aboriginals of their lifestyles. There is one topographical image used. This article incorporates simple language use and the use of the pluralism theory to enlighten. It also uses a theory of postmodernism to pass the enlightening message. 32. Prison live in Australia It deals with how native prisoners are treated by the guards in both minimum and minimum prisons. The article also emphasizes that the welfare of prisoners is important. The argument by the human right activists are that the rights of prisoners should not be violated (Butler, 2016). The article uses both images and a long explanation in the conveyance of the message of the life of prisoners. The article uses the theory of functionalism. Since the report enhances prisoners’ right all over the world hence targets an international audience. 33. Challenge of Drug Driving laws Deal with cases of, jailed alcoholics among the natives. Sarah (2016) argued that a native man in NSW surprisingly won the case after challenging the court on drug driving regulation. The article uses the theory of pluralism, targeting international audience since alcoholism is not a local issue. 34. Drug abuse among the Aboriginals The article deals with drug abuse. It emphasizes that drug policy is not working as was anticipated. Many natives have also died because of emotional-related causes (Jo, 2016). This article uses a long explanation together with images. The writer applies a developmental theory of crime and targets the worldwide audience. 35. Marriage of same sex It deals with rising cases that are related to sexual orientation among the natives. The author targets international audience and also uses vivid languages. There are also people who prefer to marry people of the same gender, and this is also rising on each day (Terry, 2016). The writer uses lengthy explanation but does not use images. The article uses the approach of Marxism. Findings and Interpretation After the analysis of the thirty-five articles, I found that there were various theories of crimes that media applies in order to ensure that there is clear information passed to the readers. I also found that the media also uses ordinary language in order to cater for many audiences. International audiences are mainly targeted by electronic media while the local audiences are targeted by the magazines and newspapers. I also found that it is not compulsory to use images to have matters reported to the readers. Conclusion Different styles are used to report domestic affairs by the media. The internet articles that many people read are produced by media houses. Exploration of a number of news articles helped appreciate the efforts that are laid by reporters. The report, however, analyzed thirty-five articles that were obtained from different media but addressing criminal justice. The aboriginals have been subjected to discrimination as it is seen in all of the above media. The people have resulted to using the aboriginal radio to air their grievances. Therefore, it would be in order if we conclude by saying that the media has played a significant role in ensuring that the aboriginal people get attention from the government. The media analysis has been educative and has let me learn a lot of things about this community and the challenges they encounter in their daily lives. Bibliography List 1. AAP, (2016). Bishop to attend terror, poverty meetings. SBS News 2. Act, C. (2016). The authors of the following manuscript would like to draw the reader’s attention to an error in the article: de Costa C, Douglas H, Hamblin J, Ramsay P, and Shircore M. Abortion law across Australia–A review of nine jurisdictions. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 55: 105–111. In this article, Table 1 should be replaced as shown below. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 56, 118-120 3. Andrea, B. (2016). Help sexual perpetrators to break the cycle in Aboriginal communities: health experts. NITV News 4. Andrea, B. (2016). NSW government's prison-performance targets 'a bit of carrot cake': Aboriginal Legal Service. NITV News 5. Andrea, B., (2016). Honouring survivors and thrivers on January 26. NITV 6. Andrea, B., (2016). Dana Clarke named inaugural NSW Aboriginal Woman of the year. NITV News 7. Butler, M. (2016). Prisoners and prison life. Routledge Handbook of Irish Criminology, 8. Burrows, A. (2016). Challenges for Private Law in the 21st Century. Available at SSRN 2710270. 9. Chris, H., (2016). Living Out Loud. ABC News 10. Ella, A., & Craig, Q. (2016) Julieka Dhu's mother: 'I watched my baby die'. NITV News 11. Eleanor, H., (2016). Killer of an innocent teen sentenced to live in prison. ABC News 12. Eleanor, H. (2016). Calls for national Indigenous mental health body to be established after the death of the 10-year-old Aboriginal girl. ABC News 13. Ethan, B. (2016). Seeing Miss Dhu: Time to Turn a Light on Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. ABC News 14. Gavin, C., & Kia, H. Lifeline calls for the specialist hotline to address high Indigenous suicide rates. ABC News 15. James, F., (2016). The suicide of a child in remote Looma should make us angry, not judgmental. Drum News 16. John, S. (2016). The man who spent 42 years in jail as one of Australia's longest serving prisoners. ABC News 17. Jo, H., (2016). We need a drug summit because we're losing the war. ABC News 18. Josephine, C., (2016) I’m not hyped, and I don’t need to calm down. NITV News 19. Keen, C. (2016). Online Risk Management and Crime Prevention Strategies in Australia. In Third ISA Forum of Sociology (10-14, 2016). Isaconf. 20. Kerry, M., & Lisa, W., Who is the victim? It’s not black and white. NITV News 21. Laura, G., (2016). WA Government plans to impose time limits on temporary care for foster children. ABC News 22. Maddee, C., (2016). Decolonizing the Queer movement in Australia: we need solidarity, not pink-washing. NITV News 23. Mark, C., (2016). Royal commission hears prosecutor told survivor didn't have time or money to pursue the case. ABC News 24. Michael, B. (2016). Push to ease Kimberley grog restrictions. ABC News 25. Michael, B., (2016). The gathering storm of the ideology wars. ABC News 26. Michael, B., (2016). Proposed reforms for Australian media market appear imminent. ABC News 27. Miranda, S., (2016). Why we need a women's budget statement. The Drum 28. Natasha, R. (2016). Closing the Gap 'doomed to fail' without more Indigenous input. ABC News 29. Natasha, R., (2016). Parramatta Girls abuse victims told by NSW Government to repay past compensation payments. ABC News 30. Ngurra, (2016). Jills Millstream. SBS News 31. Our Footprint, (2016). Lake Entrance Documentary. SBS News 32. Stan, G., (2016).What next for the PM? Indigenous leaders await action after the emotive interview. NITV News 33. Rachale, H., (2016). Call for state-wide inquiry as the inquest into 2012 Broome death stalls. NITV News 34. Sarah, M., (2016). How one man challenged NSW's drug driving laws and won. ABC News 35. Terry, B., (2016). Same-sex marriage: Let us get it sorted and move on. ABC News Read More