HIV Knowledge among Female Inmates - Annotated Bibliography Example

HIV Knowledge among the Female Inmates al Affiliation HIV Knowledge among the Female Inmates De Groot, A. S., Hammett, T., & Scheib, R. G. (1996). Access to HIV Services in Prisons and Jails: A Public Health Concern. United States. The focus of this research paper is on the health care that is given to women in prison and its role in the prevention of HIV transmission. Female inmates are supposed to be regularly screened for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis. Female condoms and dental dams are availed to the female inmates to reduce rates of transmission. Cases of transmission of HIV were reduced in centers where education and counseling were offered as compared to those centers where the inmates were not educated. The health care plan meant for women prisoners is unique when compared to that for male inmates. I concur with the author`s conclusion that AIDS screening and training programs that are gender-specific lowers HIV transmission in prisons. Flanagan, T. J., Marquart, J. W., & Adams, K. (1998). Incarcerating criminals: prisons and jails in social and organizational context. New York: Oxford University Ps. This research used questionnaires to figure out gender differences in the level of knowledge about HIV symptoms, transmission and prevention measures among inmates in the United States. Both sexes showed an understanding of what HIV is and the common routes of transmission. However, some presenting symptoms associated with HIV, like the frequent vaginal yeast infection and vaginal discharge, are only in women and not in men. In addition, prevention measures in women were slightly different from the ones for men. Due to these differences, the author concluded that preventive education oriented programs used in male inmates prisons may not be entirely beneficial to female inmates. Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS. (2009). Advancing the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of people living with HIV: a guidance package. Amsterdam: The Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+). This paper intends to educate women inmates living with HIV on how and why to fulfill their sexual needs and have a reproductive health. The well-being of HIV-positive women is taken into consideration as one way of respecting the human rights. Methods meant to make them live longer, be healthier, be more productive and live more satisfying lives are explored. Inmates are encouraged to get involved in physical exercise, avoid intravenous drug use and avoid risky sexual behaviors. Peer education and respecting human rights (no rape) can prevent the spread of new infections. The author concludes that preventing transmission of diseases protects not only the inmates but also the society at large. Immarigeon, R., & Civic Research Institute. (2006). Women and girls in the criminal justice system: policy issues and practices. Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Institute. This work is one of the articles from United Nations & AIDS (UNAIDS) - an international body that focuses on HIV/AIDS. The author explains what makes women more vulnerable to HIV while in prison. The paper focuses on gender inequality, discrimination, and stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. Moreover, it discusses the means of transmission like tattooing using unsterilized equipment, drug injection using the same needle and syringe, and high-risk sexual behavior. The author concludes that, prevention measures including providing women condoms, dental dams for oral sex, peer education on HIV/AIDS and medical treatment like post-exposure prophylaxis curb HIV transmission. I concur with the author. Krebs, C. P. (2006). INMATE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV TRANSMISSION IN PRISON*. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(1), 113-135. The author carried out a study to establish the correlation that exists between HIV infection and incarceration. The study proved that, some inmates come in prisons when negative, contract HIV while in prison. It shows that HIV-positive inmates infect fellow prisoners and other non-incarcerated sexual partners. Incarceration leads to stigmatization and risky social and sexy behavior among newly imprisoned inmates as well as the transmission of HIV. Besides, the author argues that incarceration disrupts the sexual relationship, and this leads to risky sexual behavior. I agree with the author’s conclusion that, psychological support and screening of inmates can go along the way to minimizing HIV transmission among female inmates. Outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison. BMJ Group. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2548692 This article identifies the prevalence of HIV infection in prisons and the possible modes of transmission. Voluntary and an involuntary sexual relation mostly rape is the leading mode of transmission, followed by other behaviors like intravenous drug use, body piercing, and high-risk behavior. Inmates share the needles, and there is no sterilization of the objects used in body piercing. Sexual victimization is common, and the author reports that naïve inmates are not only raped by their fellow inmates but also the staff members. The author appreciates the establishment of the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) that ensures human rights of prisoners are protected, and cases of rape are minimized. Robinson, J., Australia, & Department of Human Services and Health. (1994). Prison HIV peer education: report of the National Prison HIV Peer Education Project. [Canberra]: AIDS, Commonwealth Dept. of Human Services and Health. This book analyzes several aspects of HIV education in Australian prisons. Inmates are educated about HIV, possible modes of transmission and how to prevent transmission while in prison. Under prevention measures, peer education to the inmates has been highlighted to play a significant role. People involved in educating the inmates included medical officers and trained police officers. People who are HIV positive from outside are also invited to share experiences and encourage the prisoners. The author concludes that inmate peer educators play a significant role in educating their fellow inmates. Additionally, the major two reasons for teaching prisoners are to minimize the transmission rates and to reduce the social and personal impact of the infection in those affected. Rodríguez-Díaz, C., Reece, M., Rivera-Alonso, B., Laureano-Landrón, I., Dodge, B., & Malow, R. (2011). Behind the Bars of Paradise: HIV and Substance Use among Incarcerated Populations in Puerto Rico. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 10(4), 266–272. World health organization analyzed the effectiveness of methods used to curb HIV transmission in prison. Methods of prevention such the female condom use, dental dams, and educational programs were studied. Medical intervention such as the use of post-exposure prophylaxis and psychological support to the victims played a significant role in reducing transmission. Transmission of HIV through intravenous drug use was a major challenge, and this was because most inmates are drug addicts, and there is no sterilization equipment in prisons. The author concluded that it is a collective responsibility of the prisoners, medical officers, and staff members to ensure transmission of HIV is minimized. Ross, M. W., Harzke, A. J., Scott, D. P., McCann, K., & Kelley, M. (2006). Outcomes of Project Wall Talk: An HIV/AIDS Peer Education Program Implemented within the Texas State Prison System. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18(6), 504–517. This article reports outcomes from a study carried out in some Texas State prison units to assess the impact of education programs about HIV/AIDS. Questionnaires were given to the inmates before and after training sessions. After education lessons, the prisoners showed an increase in understanding of the subject. Inmates understood the disease and the associated symptoms. Some prisoners opened up and admitted knowing their HIV status. On follow-up, many prisoners went for HIV tests compared to other control prison units (prison units where peer education was not offered). I concur with the authors` conclusion that peer education plays a crucial role in the prevention of the HIV/AIDS among the inmates. Walsh, T., Sydney West AIDS Education Unit, New South Wales, & Department of Corrective Services. (1991). The sentence. Sydney, NSW: New South Wales Film and Television Office. This paper was written by AIDS education officer in New South Wales (NSW). The article talks about functions of the Prisoners AIDS Committee (PAC). Methods used by PAC in imparting knowledge include plays on HIV, posters, pamphlets, group discussions, musical compositions and carrying out HIV/AIDS knowledge-based competitions. In addition, peer educators are used to imparting knowledge to fellow inmates. Two womens prisons, a maximum, and a medium security prison were used in assessing and comparing the impact of the education methods used. In the two prisons, it was concluded that women arrested while on drugs to be included in PAC since they understand more about drug and substance use. References De Groot, A. S., Hammett, T., & Scheib, R. G. (1996). Access to HIV Services in Prisons and Jails: A Public Health Concern. United States. Flanagan, T. J., Marquart, J. W., & Adams, K. (1998). Incarcerating criminals: prisons and jails in social and organizational context. New York: Oxford University Press. Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS. (2009). Advancing the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of people living with HIV: a guidance package. Amsterdam: The Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+). Immarigeon, R., & Civic Research Institute. (2006). Women and girls in the criminal justice system: policy issues and practices. Kingston, N.J.: Civic Research Institute Krebs, C. P. (2006). INMATE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV TRANSMISSION IN PRISON*. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(1), 113-135. Outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison. BMJ Group. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2548692 Robinson, J., Australia, & Department of Human Services and Health. (1994). Prison HIV peer education: report of the National Prison HIV Peer Education Project. [Canberra]: AIDS, Commonwealth Dept. of Human Services and Health. Rodríguez-Díaz, C., Reece, M., Rivera-Alonso, B., Laureano-Landrón, I., Dodge, B., & Malow, R. (2011). Behind the Bars of Paradise: HIV and Substance Use among Incarcerated Populations in Puerto Rico. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 10(4), 266–272. Ross, M. W., Harzke, A. J., Scott, D. P., McCann, K., & Kelley, M. (2006). Outcomes of Project Wall Talk: An HIV/AIDS Peer Education Program Implemented within the Texas State Prison System. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18(6), 504–517. Walsh, T., Sydney West AIDS Education Unit, New South Wales, & Department of Corrective Services. (1991). The sentence. Sydney, NSW: New South Wales Film and Television Office. . Read More