Risk Communication - Communicating Environmental, Safety, and Health Risks - Assignment Example

Reflective Journal Name Institution Name Course Name and Code Date B1: Keith Olbermann attacks Bill O’Reilly and Glenn Beck because of their respective positions on racism, and other factors associated with inequality and discrimination. (NewsPaperOnline 2009). Keith believes the approach of O’Reilly and Beck are inappropriate but the general approach taken by Keith is appropriate. Keith should have informed through constructive criticism rather than attacking fellow commentators and the station. Keith should have highlighted some of the points from these commenters and either support or discredit the views of the commentators. Information should be presented in a civil and understandable manner in which decorum and views of the audiences are considered. For example, supports of these other commentators exist meaning respect to these audiences should be considered rather than attacking the commenters destructively. B2: Informative presentations aims to help audiences to understand a technique, issue or topic more clearly. The purpose of the informative presentation is are not aimed towards motivating the audiences to change their views, and aspirations in adapting to new techniques or approaches (Welch and Jackson, 2007). The persuasive presentation is aimed at changing the views and aspirations of the audiences. The persuasive presentation is commonly utilized in engaging the audiences and making the audiences to change or hold a given ideological perspective. For example, the informative presentation is used to inform the audiences of the way in which a television remote can be used while the persuasive presentation is used by politicians to make the voters vote the politician ideology or philosophy ideals. B3: CNN News reports on what is happening across the world. It informs on activities and things occurring ranging from political information to environmental issues (CNN News, 2016). On the other hand, Top Gear is a BBC production that informs about cars and how the cars operate including other information related to cars (BBC Two, 2016). The similarity of these two television programs is the provision of information. The difference is the nature of the information and the frequency of the information provided. The Top Gear presents periodic information based on numerous research, and the information is recorded. In most instances, the CNN News presents what is actually happening, and most of the news are live meaning it has not been recorded especially during the presentation. B4: MishDawg75 (2011) discusses the gaming industry highlight concerns on the addictiveness of the games. The presenter also discusses reasons why males prefer female avatars. The information on the addictiveness of the program in terms of time wasted in playing the games is informative, but the aspects defining the role of male avatars in the entire gaming industry is lacking. The presenter clearly discusses the reasons why male players prefer the female avatars but does not discuss the position of female in the entire gaming industry apart from more male play online compared to female. Hence, further clarification is required to understand the position of female in the gaming industry and playing or participation behavior of these females. B5: The product is a car and the five points in fulfilling the requirements of informative speech are the engines, brakes, airbags, fuel type, and comfort. The following are the reasons and rank order: Engine – it presents information on the strength and the capability of accomplishments Fuel type – it raises environmental concerns and the economic aspects meaning the customer has to consider the impact of fuel on the environment and economics. Brakes – the car should be stopped, and the braking system should be responsive depending on the requirements and expectations of the driver Airbags – Safety is integral since accidents sometimes are unpredictable Comfort – use of the car should incorporate comfort after the basic technical and usability requirements B6: Democracy is an important component in the Western societies and should be embraced in the Middle East and African countries. Democracy enables citizens and voters to determine their leaders and monitor the governance requirements of their respective countries. Some of the persuasion and motivational strategies including informing on the importance, holding accountable to the elected individuals, and the importance of accountability and transparency in leading the country. Democracy will also reduce the chances of conflicts and fights between individuals holding different perspectives and views. Hence, democracy should be encouraged across the world through effective communication and provision of appropriate resources. B7: Consensus is based on clear process, sufficient time, a common goal and commitment to consensus building. Consensus sometimes works depending on the situation and requirements of the decision. Sometimes, people are persuaded to acquire products because of attachment to a celebrity or other important individuals in the society. The aspects of consensus do not affect self because I based my decision on reasons and expected the use of the product or service. The aspect of consensus is common when celebrities are used to market or be brand ambassadors of certain products such as perfumes and water. B8: The Apple products are some of components and services that I may not acquire. The commercial of such products employ different principles of persuasion ranging from calling for action to stimulation. The general problem that I associate with Apple products is the cost even though the product and services are of high quality. In addition, concerns on terms of contract and engagement also create additional problems. Hence, clarifying these problems and determining the appropriate solution through effective communication would enable a better understanding of the problem. For example, giving the customers ability to seek assistance from any part of the world enables the customer to trust the product without the limitations of geographic boundaries. B9: Discontinuance is requesting or persuading the audiences to stop a given action such as smoking while deterrence is aimed at persuading audiences not to adopt or start a behavior such as a start smoking (Cummings and Worley, 2014). The more difficult challenge is discontinuance because the behavior may have affected or integral to the social fabric of an individual and becomes to addiction, by extension. For example, smoking is sometimes difficult to stop but persuading the public on threats of smoking may prevent the audiences from smoking. Addition, societal forces, and other factors make it difficult to achieve the requirements of discontinuance compared with deterrence. B10: I have attained the different levels because I have developed both personally and academically. I am able to view academic matters such as referencing materials and quality of learning materials differently. Through learning and life experiences, I have adapted to the changing requirements and aim to continue improving self in the future through further studies and personal experiences. B11: Persuasion can be ethical depending on the angle the commentator undertakes (Beebe, Beebe, and Redmond, 2009). Unethical behaviors may be associated with the use of different strategies and factors, which include coercion, bribery, intentional bias, deception and manipulation that are sometimes evident in certain advancements and persuasion requirements (Jacobson, 2009). However, creating and implementing a persuading presentation that does not involve such processes results in ethical persuasion. Hence, persuasion can sometimes be considered ethical depending on the approach and processes involved including content and context. B12: I am James Peter, a freelance graphic designer, specializing in printed corporate and logo design products and services such as business websites, stationery, and brochures. I can provide you with an innovative design solution that targets your business needs and requirements. I have five years experience in graphic designing activities, and I have worked with leading brands and advertising companies. I also offer competitive rates, high-quality services, and fast turnaround. Please, check my portfolio to see my accomplishments and relevance to your business needs and requirements. B13: Samantha is a senior Environmental Science major student who has worked with a local conservancy and aimed to get the opportunity to explore her skills in an organization (Lerbinger, 2012). The Elevator Speech hits all the important points of development and presentation of an elevator speech. It has discussed the personal capabilities, presented personal information, and defined her accomplishments (Mayer, 2010). The elevator speech has the important components to engage the right audiences in contributing to their respective decisions in giving the opportunity to Samantha, and the elevator speech does not have weaknesses. B14: It is imperative to note that nonverbal communication complements and sometimes replace verbal communication. Nonverbal communication should not be viewed as not verbal communication because the difference is the words pronounced during the verbal communication (Oly Ndubisi, 2007). Nonverbal communication can be seen as starting point of communication and may be utilized as a gauge to determine the significance of the communication process. For example, the facial expression may illustrate the strength and significance of the message (Smith, 2006). For instance, love messages and conversation are usually complemented through nonverbal communication such as smiling and touching. Hence, nonverbal communication should not be premised on not verbal communication. B15: Time is an integral component in everything that I do. I base time on activities and allocating activities on time is based on urgency and associated requirements or chain of activities. Some of the activities that I spend my time on include reading, watching movies, participating in community activities, participating in social events such as socialization, and allocating additional time for my personal activities such as resting and meditating (Chen et al. 2008). All these activities are important, and I allocate my time based on the urgency and reliance of the activities to my personal values, ethics, and moral requirements and expectations. Relationships are important and the nature of relationship requires different amounts of time. The relationship can be viewed from different perspectives such as the relationship with family members, community, and opposite gender relationship. Allocating comparable time to the relationship is important to sustain the requirements and expectations of the relationship. B16: Instant reply and effective communication are important and directly linked with time. In the information age, different communication channels are available that influences the nature and speed of communication. For example, messages can be shared among different individuals through the use of social media and receive replies within a short time (Kerzner, 2013). Common communications through the social media require instant replies meaning time is important. Therefore, time is important in the information age but also the speed of replies and communication are integral in the entire communication process. B17: In nonverbal communication, reactions are important and understanding the nature of the nonverbal communication is also crucial (Paulraj, Lado and Chen, 2008). For example, nodding can be indicative of understanding while tapping on the floor may mean an individual does not have an interest in the communication. Understanding the different meanings of reactions from the audiences enables the presenter to change the message or improve the nature of the communication. Seeking assistance from a coworker and observe are important in determining the strength of the speech and general impact on the communication process. B18: Sales Agenda Agenda for Quarterly Sales Report and Results Start August 1 02:00 pm – End 03:00 pm Organizer: Peter James Invited: Marketing Department, Sales Department, Finance Department, Representative from Management Topics 1. Sales report last quarter Presenter: Sales Department a. Highlights b. Lowlights 2. Analysis of the sales a. Marketing department views b. Sales department views c. Finance department views d. Representative from management views 3. Proposed corrective or improvement strategies proposed by different representatives from the different departments 4. Targets for the next quarter (Presenter: Sales Department) a. Proposals by the marketing department b. Proposal by the finance department c. Proposal by representative from management 5. Strategies to implement the proposals 6. Determination for the next meeting including proposed time B19: The business is a hotel, and there are numerous hotels in the area. Effective communication is important through highlighting the differential requirements and the targeted customers. I will inform the local media on the importance of competition and differentiation of the products and services, and the wider impact on the economy and society in employment opportunities and the general development of the community (Grunig and Grunig, 2013). Competition should not only be the issue to be queried, but the wider impact of the establishment is important. Hence, concentrating on the wider impact of the establishment is important and can easily convince the community to support the requirements of the business and embrace the provisions of the business. B20: Crisis are the common and effective resolution is important. Effective communication is important through highlighting the crisis, determining the sources of the crisis and determining appropriate measures to address the problem (Lundgren and McMakin, 2013). Effective communication can be employed in instances of crisis and understanding the requirements and expectations of the different parties. Other virtues of patience, perseverance, and collaboration through effective communication are important in preventing and addressing the crisis. B21: Self-disclosure is intentionally presenting self to others through the use of different images including clothes and first impression. Self-disclosure is important because it informs the audiences through predicting the capability and capacity of an individual. Self-disclosure also determines whether an individual is able to accomplish an activity based on the nature of the business settings (Hallahan et al. 2007). It includes body structure and clothing depending on the nature of the business and the expectations. For example, specific clothes are required for an official based assignments versus gym type of requirements meaning the clothes should be different. Hearing and other piercing may influence the decision because circumstances exist in which piercing are not required and through self-disclosure, the piercing may limit the effectiveness of business requirements and expectations. B22: The purpose of employment interview is for the interviewee to sell self to the interviewer. The interviewer should be able to understand both verbal and nonverbal communication cues (Van Riel and Fombrun, 2007). Through the effective use of verbal and nonverbal communication, the interviewee can present engage and presents their respective views, convincing the interviewer while the interviewer may continue seeking further answers and clarifications from the interviewee. B23: The most effective conflict management strategies are the management of emotions, face-saving and supportive. The conflicting parties have to manage their emotions to prevent the problem from worsening (Seeger, 2006). In resolving the problem, face-saving is also important, and the message should be given consideration rather than the person presenting the information (Baker, Day and Salas, 2006). The purpose is the prevention of personalization of conflicts since it may create a lasting impression and the solution is attacking the message. Nevertheless, the success of these processes depends on effective communication, which is important to the resolution of conflict management. B24: The preferable management style is Theory Z because it factors into consideration the different requirements of the organization and the employees. For example, the requirements of the organization are considered, and the employees are allowed to grow at work and accomplish the different requirements. For instance, skills development is beneficial to the organization while the employee is motivated to continue developing. It also emphasizes job rotation to prevent boredom associated with repetition of tasks and duties. It ensures the employee is motivated and can operate in different sectors of the organization. These approaches are targeted towards creating trust, and perception, which is important for organizational development and success. Therefore, Theory Z is an appropriate strategy in fulfilling the requirements of the organization and employees. B25: The hardest part is cultural challenges because of difference in culture. Cultural conflicts may become a common problem before adaptation to overseas culture. The easiest component is accomplishing the duties because of globalization where business requirements are defined based on specific structures and approaches. Therefore, the hardest part is culture while the easiest is completing assigned duties. References Baker, D.P., Day, R. and Salas, E., 2006. Teamwork as an essential component of high‐reliability organizations. Health Services Research, 41(4p2), pp. 1576-1598. BBC Two, 2016. Top Gear. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mj59 Beebe, S.A., Beebe, S.J. and Redmond, M.V., 2009. Interpersonal communication. Pearson Custom Pub. Chen, R., Sharman, R., Rao, H.R. and Upadhyaya, S.J., 2008. Coordination in emergency response management. Communications of the ACM, 51(5), pp.66-73. CNN News, 2016. Homepage. Retrieved from www.cnn.com Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Hallahan, K., Holtzhausen, D., Van Ruler, B., Verčič, D. and Sriramesh, K., 2007. Defining strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1(1), pp.3-35. Jacobson, S.K., 2009. Communication skills for conservation professionals. Island Press. Kerzner, H.R., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons. Lerbinger, O., 2012. The crisis manager. Routledge. Lundgren, R.E. and McMakin, A.H., 2013. Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks. John Wiley & Sons. Mayer, B., 2010. The dynamics of conflict resolution: A practitioner's guide. John Wiley & Sons. MishDawg75, (August 16, 2011) Informative Speech about Gaming Addictions, retrieved from YouTube.com [Accessed July 13, 2016] NewsPaperOnline. August 27, 2009, MSNBC's Keith Olbermann ATTACKS Glenn Beck & Bill O'Reilly, retrieved from YouTube.com [Accessed 13 July, 2016]. Oly Ndubisi, N., 2007. Relationship marketing and customer loyalty. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 25(1), pp.98-106. Paulraj, A., Lado, A.A. and Chen, I.J., 2008. Inter-organizational communication as a relational competency: Antecedents and performance outcomes in collaborative buyer–supplier relationships. Journal of Operations Management, 26(1), pp.45-64. Seeger, M.W., 2006. Best practices in crisis communication: An expert panel process. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 34(3), pp.232-244. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013. Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Smith, R.D., 2006. Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication, and management. Social Science & Medicine, 63(12), pp.3113-3123. University of California Cooperative Extension. 2016. The 30 Second Elevator Speech. Retrieved from http://sfp.ucdavis.edu/files/163926.pdf Van Riel, C.B. and Fombrun, C.J., 2007. Essentials of corporate communication: Implementing practices for effective reputation management. Routledge. Welch, M. and Jackson, P.R., 2007. Rethinking internal communication: a stakeholder approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(2), pp.177-198. Read More