The Role of Multimodal Communication in Cooperation - Essay Example

Research Method Prepared by Submitted to Word count 1808 words excluding foot s, references, content page and cover page Contents Introduction 3 2. Literature Review 4 3. Analysis 6 4. Conclusion 9 5. References 10 Research Method 1. Introduction The results presented in this paper are concerned with the analysis of the communication in the situation of control. The part played by multi modal resources in communication mechanisms can be modified. This is a point of view observed in this paper. The results must be in a position to emphasise the effect of resources. It depends on the way the team members use the resources. The way they use the resources must reduce the chance of miscommunication. The implications of the analysis can be used for discussing a general design method that assesses the multimodal wealth of the working environment. The manner the researchers use the resources will involve interpersonal communication. This will be more effective when the researchers and the participants share common ground. The knowledge about the topics, beliefs, targets, nature etc must coincide for good results. These common grounds must be checked before the interaction. After that the interaction can expand the basis of linguistic and physical co presence. In expanding the scope of the communication, the media is capable of restraining the ease of attaining the common ground. The commonality in the methods is also affected in following the medium of communication. It is better to develop theoretical understanding of the attitudes of shared visual spaces. This improves grounding and also the performance regarding the topics of common belief. 1 After this the parameters that make difference in visual communication systems that are used for complex and collaborative researches were considered. By applying these features to real world settings, the pragmatic way of deploying these methods to attain more benefits for reasonable costs can be assessed. If this is successful, then creating of a technology that enables the accurate estimation of the focus attention in the settings can be determined. This is believed to be an important role the visual channel can play. 2. Literature Review There are some techniques available for analysis of effectiveness of multimodal interaction. The potential of psycholinguistic models were recognised to have this potential. Though they are recognised to have potential of analysing, there are some limitations. The techniques based on conversation analytic model of breakdown and repair can be termed as the rational approach for introducing a protocol for coding repair. The terms in this approach are computer mediated communication, evaluation and conversation analysis. 1 The approach mentioned above can be termed as reasonable because the key terms in the approach have computer applications, software and communication by computer. As in the present world and in the future, the communication using computers and the dependence on them will increase; every approach considering them can be termed appropriate. As a fundamental in human activities, the communication has a central role. This is important for sustainability or development of an individual, organisation or a civilisation. According to Heath 2000, Nardi and Miller in 1991 the communication is crucial for internal and external coordination. This is considered as important even in routine activities and responses to unexpected situations. Keeping this in view every where a significant effort is applied for enhancement of applications that explicitly support the communication in unexpected contingencies. The tools like messengers in the operating systems and in email servers are examples for it. They enable communication in unexpected situations. After that they are extended to conferencing tools. When a conference was being held, the achievements and discrepancies will be exhibited. The extent of implicit and explicit communication is crucial for the success of the participants. The records of the empirical analyses about the success of the usage of the tools must be maintained to convey the message to future users. This results and resulted in the development of psycholinguistic tradition, which explicitly aims to quantify the communicative phenomenon. 2.1 The role of dialogue in communication Dialogue is considered as crucial for communication. The dialogue must result in interaction and collaboration. In that context it is supposed to improve structural analysis. This enables the people to build the common ground during interaction. The absence of building the common ground during interaction results in a ruckus and the dialogue results in wrong communication. 2.2 The Context of Break Down and Repair The analysis of breakdown and repair in communication reveals the problems in the functional analysis. If the functional analysis is right and timely, there is less chance of occurrence of breakdown. Sacks, Scheglo and Jefferson in 1974 developed a framework in conversation analytic tradition. For this framework it is important to set up describing the potential application of the communication system. If the break down is due to the error in the usage, it was termed that the repair must be self initiative. For this to happen, the repair must be classified in terms of self initiative at the point of addressing the problem. 2.3 Goals, Intentions and Commitments in Communication The latest trend is about major focus on multi agent systems. The analysis on the subjects of the discussion of multi agent systems is needed. The subject of discussion in multi agent systems is concept of agents in participation of multi agent systems. The analysis must determine the strength and weakness of the agency also. A rational agent constructed with cognitive notions such as beliefs, desires and intentions can be proposed for the communication. The beliefs and the notions also result in the success of the communication systems. They decide the acting of rational agents.1 Both static and dynamic relations must be emphasised as they are important cooperative agents in the system. 3. Analysis In the analysis of multi agent systems they are specified in desire by agents and the participants. This was incorporated in framework as they inherently support interaction. According to a view, desire has a logical basis and can be provided with temporal semantics. The presence of generic classification of mental attitudes presents more precise characterisation of selected motivational attitudes. The successful communication system has a clear information exchange between tasks. The components are specified and this results in its own language, which is independent of other components. This results in assigning conditions for activation. These are specified as information about task control. This also can be termed as a type of knowledge that deals about sequencing the tasks. 3.1 Knowledge about analysing the task sequencing The sequencing of tasks is modelled in the components in the form of knowledge that control the tasks. Here sequencing means controlling along with sequencing. The control involves assigning of subtasks which are crucial for success interaction. After sequencing the above structured communication system will result in delegation of the tasks. It decides the task that must be delegated to an agent. This requires knowledge. It is the knowledge about the jobs to be done and the knowledge about the agents’ capability of doing the jobs. The lack of knowledge results in wrong sequencing and error prone delegation. Though knowledge is present in requires a particular structure. The knowledge, which is apt for the situation is needed. This needs the structuring of the knowledge. 3.2 Structure of Knowledge Before structuring the knowledge its acquisition is needed. The knowledge about a particular domain must be devised first. The knowledge is obtained by structuring of the information. The meanings of the concepts that explain the domain, the relations between concepts and domains must be decided. This decision can be termed as structuring of the information. The identification of the objects was done by concepts. The identification differs when the concept differs. This can be termed as structuring of knowledge. The information about methods and strategies comes next. The methods and strategies employed depend upon the domain and the concepts of its understanding. This needs hierarchies. The hierarchies are defined for framing the methods and strategies. When the concepts, domains, methods and strategies are recorded, the appropriate knowledge structure defined prior to the recording is used and then the further structure can follow. Number of knowledge structures is needed for framing a compositional structure.1 3.3 Semantic Analysis The syntactic analysis is necessary for semantic analysis in both conversational and computer based communication systems. This results in compositional semantics.2 The meanings of the words in the sentence frame the meaning of the sentence. The different meanings for the same word and the usage of them again come under the structuring of the knowledge and the semantic analysis finds application of structured knowledge. In the absence of the structured knowledge the meaning of the sentence will be the compiled meaning of the words in the sentence. In the presence of structured knowledge, the compiled meaning of the words is possible in semantic analysis. Generally semantic analysis comes after syntactic analysis, at times there is a chance for them to occur simultaneously. The different sets of categories and words that are applicable universally are used in the syntactic analysis. This universal application makes the job of semantic analysis easier. Let us consider an example in which all the members of the company based at a city centre. When we use who, the meaning is, all the members that belong to different companies in the city centre. The usage of which will specify the company or the individual. The usage of words depends upon the interpretation. The interpretation will decide the course of semantic analysis. In building the interpretation and the contextual meaning logic can be used. This will help in building the reason for the steps in the method and strategies adopted for doing the job. The logic in the query will be useful in the interpretation. The logic and the interpretation must be linked. When the complete utterance is not provided the syntactic analysis will not give the results up to the mark. These type of situations demand the relaxation of syntactic rules to accommodate some short cuts that demand recognition to perform further analysis. This system can be known as semantic grammar. To overcome the drawbacks of syntactic system, the semantic structure follows phrase system. This will help in considering the constituents of semantic grammar to mean according to their function or classification. This meaning will overcome the syntactic grammar some times to enable the job to be done. The syntactic and semantic analyses were also find application in automatic speech recognition. This speech recognition needs the coordination between these two analyses and the usage of structured information and knowledge. This is generally used in adapted man made machine technologies. These technologies demand the multi model, structured knowledge that operate with syntactic and semantic analysis. 1 4. Conclusion The literature review and analysis of it emphasises the importance of structured knowledge and combined effort of syntactic and semantic analysis in the multi model communication systems. These systems find wide range of applications in the modern technologies like communication in civil aviation, air force, robotics, internet conferences and video conferences. The interaction and interpersonal communication is made possible by above systems. 5. References 5.1 Book References The book references are given in the following format Author, year, title, genre or series, publisher, place, page number If any of the information in the above format is not available, a gap is left or that is mentioned 1. Michael F. McTear, 2004, Spoken Dialogue Technology: towards the conversational user interface , Computers/general information, Springer, , Page 94, 2. Alex Ellery, 2000, An Introduction to Space Robotics , Technology and industrial arts, Springer, , page number 86 5.2 Journals and internet references The journals and internet references are given in the following format Author, year, title, publisher, edition information, type of media, date retrieved, website address. If any of the information in the above format is not available a gap is left or the non availability is mentioned 1.Marie-Christine Bressolle, Bernard Pavard, Marcel Leroux, 2004, The Role of Multimodal Communication in Cooperation: The Cases of Air Traffic Control, Springer link, ,electronic, 24-12-06, http://www.springerlink.com/content/alqfkp55ewn91xnp/ 2. Patrick G.T. Healey and Mike Thirlwell, 2006, Analysing Multi-Modal Communication: Repair-Based Measures of Communicative Co-ordination, Information, Media, and Communication Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, page 2 to 6 3. Frances Brazier, Barbara Dunin-Keplicz, Jan Treur, Rineke Verbrugge, 2000, Beliefs, Intentions and DESIRE, Warsaw University, ,electronic, 25-12-06, http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/KAW/KAW96/brazier/default.html Read More