The Relation Between Economic, Technological and Political Order to Communication - Essay Example

? Global Media & Communication Global Media & Communication 1 Social responsibility theory The social responsibility theory allows functioning of press without any restriction, but at the same time the subject presented in the media should be valid, and the media should take any responsibility from public restriction or specialized rules or both (Sarikakis, 2004, p. 90). The theory remains between the authoritarian theory and democratic theory because it provides total press freedom on one side, but the authority controls it in other hand (Baker, 2002, p.78). In this theory, the press proprietorship is private as the theory goes beyond the simple reporting process to an interpretive process conducted through investigation. The information presented entails complete and reliable information, but the directive of the independence press states that information presented to the general public should be factual, and obtained through methodical investigation (Sarikakis, 2004, p. 90). According to Barnhurst & Nerone (2002, p. 67), the theory maintains certain limits of free media, but also puts some restrictions on what is presented to the media. For instance, in India, the press has certain obligations to the public, and they must show truth and accuracy in any information they present. The media is free, but regulated by the government. On the other hand, the Chinese administration has always kept rules on traditional and the current media rules to protect its government political wishes through the use of watchdogs. The watchdog units ensure that these principles entail strict rules placed on the media that are used to control them. They even punish the media houses that break the rules by either jailing them or shutting down the entire publication firm and their websites. 1.2 The relation between economic, technological and political order on the globe to communication Society economy and technology are highly linked through communication. Internet, mobile phone services and satellite broadcasting services influence economic technological developments. With the increase in globalization, the economic technological and political developments have taken a positive outlook (Ferree, et al., 2002, p. 44). Globalization is also a requirement and driving force for all other types of communication. Several technological developments have improved the communication process, and this development in turn affects the press (Levira, 2004, p. 13). Technology like video communication through the internet has made communication essay and simple (Ferree, et al., 2002, p. 44). For instance in China, the types of communication in a country is determined by the country’s political ideology. The established controlling ideas have developed through different states without the citizens noticing and deliberating on their development. The authority of a neoliberal position in themes presented in mass media and the rise of the authoritarianism of the financial leaders, the increase of free communication principles, but also a commercial approach in broadcasting of information to the abandoned views of workforces is a characteristic of China media (Barnhurst & Nerone 2002, p.89). Similarly, through globalization in India, technology has assisted the government in improving its economy. This improved economy has improved the ways of life for the masses. In India, globalization has influenced technology development where it has shifted the pattern of its economy. In economic terms, technology influences the forms of production, asset and employment. It also changes the activities taking place within a company. This is because through improved challenges of communication, Indians’ business process has improved thus improving its economic activities (Rajagopal, 2012, pp.1). Mass media in India is also seen to be influencing globalization. This was achieved using several media channels like televisions, music, and new technological developments. The international flow of information has highly been supported by the local media channels (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). China on the other hand, proposed an active input in the globalization development, and the indigenous media was extremely influenced by the series of globalization. Channels selected in politics, philosophical values are unusual from those taken by developed nations, China’s mass media development outline, and style has frequently been misunderstood by the other countries with a lot of prejudice (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). Chinese mass media addresses the communication as a dual attribute of philosophy and consequence. On one hand, in the situation of actual government control, local mass media has regulated the inconsistency between the principles ??of localization and globalization on public communication activities (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). Nolan (2004, p. 45) noted that, globalization led to the introduction of ways of providing a lot of misinformation to the general public, and the introduction of worldwide linkages like the You Tube and the use of the internet. Globalization increases an export steered GDP by utilizing China’s relative advantage in low-priced labor, but from another point, it has hindered China’s development by linking in their companies at the high point of the international value sequence, stopping them from renovation along the industrial ladder (Nolan, 2004, p. 45). Their leaders proposed China’s involvement with the WTO in 2001. This was a bid gamble for the Chinese government because before the agreement, they were very weak in all aspects compared with international firms (Nolan, 2001, p. 56). In addition to this, they were never consulted in the entire negotiations before the agreement. China's mass media companies have been exercising the WTO opposition to justify their own advertisement domination. Temporarily, the government has been making use of the fright of external competition to form media corporations as a way of promoting philosophical and directorial control (Nolan, 2001, p. 56). The country shares corresponding goals with the media groups, and decides that media groups should be between the first groups to become rich. Furthermore, external media rivalry appears to be a remote affair, even while the rhetoric might appear urgent (Nolan, 2001, p. 56). In both India and china, global broadcasting today opens prompt multimedia interaction networks, creations and service industries. However, it also eliminates reporters ‘monopoly on global news, pushing a re- assessment of who invents, transmits and finally owns the information (Nolan, 2004, p. 45). New types of communication are reforming the custom that was once a narrow way of serving a native, national or countrywide public. Currently, news broadcasting use transmission technology to collect text, audiovisual and imageries from all over the world using extraordinary speed and changing degrees of journalistic influence. The same expertise allows the media to disseminate information to public dispersed around the world (Nolan, 2001, p. 56). On the other hand, this sophisticated developed media approaches affect the media practices. For example, procedures act to eliminate reporters from openly observing the events they are assumed to present to the public. With the introduction of globalization, different press companies are developing depending on the internet as a root for their information. This provides evidence on the growing significance of the collaborative internet as a basis of communication for reporters. Therefore, globalization has made media to depend on secondary sources of information instead of conducting an investigation on what to report (Nolan, 2001, p. 56). 1.3 Media policy in India and china The main objectives of most international organizations are to provide effective channels of communication to the public. The UNESCO was mainly concerned with education, and their main aim was to educate the public by providing the appropriate modes of communication (Baker, 2002, p. 91). The information was meant to empower people through making information available, and allowing freedom of expression in the society. They also aimed at promoting the process of communication within the society (Baker, 2002, p. 91). For instance in India, the increasingly difficult and indefinable media background has placed fresh confronts to a variable system of techniques in media policy. Advanced information technologies have basically altered the methods in which reports and meanings are presented, organized and obtained (Baker, 2002, p. 91). Mansell & Raboy (2011, p. 45) also noted that, despite the proposed global principles, different states still have principles for information system of government or relationships with specific states. International unions of Medias exist, and specific ones have formed acknowledgements of codes. However, most journalism organizations and mass media organizations have accepted the worldwide or international code. This policy was adopted and endorsed by UNESCO. The media policy in India and China are different. India advocates for media as a source of reform while china terms it as a tool used y the state to present its ideas to the public (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). With the changing times, it is evident that India and China have also developed with the times in terms of media policy (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). The media has been said to be free media that has peen reported in the commercial world. The media has gone digital where it has been able to apply digital apparatus to its subscribers. Corporates have also been well positioned to deal with the media market, where broadcasters have been given a chance to negotiate for their rates. However a lot of individuals have not been ale to afford the services offered. Media reporting and expansion of the Indian policy has been pre-arranged. It is only the media market that can efficiently offer services to the people (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). Media personalities argue that broadcasting should be part of the national budget for effective management. Television should be compulsory for all not optional as through television a lot of information is disseminated (Rajagopal, 2012, p.1). As opposed to China, India has a slower route to development of its media china conforms to the states’ ideology while India, media has been seen as a reform tool. Another important alternative communication policy that can be used is the global media ethics. This policy aimed at forming a wide-ranging set of ideologies, and ethics for the system of broadcasting in the period of global media information. New types of communication are reformatting the exercise of a narrow-minded art operating locally, regionally or national community (Mansell & Raboy, 2011, p. 67). Currently, information mass media use information technology to join text, audiovisual and pictures from all over the world with a unique speed and changing degrees of journalistic power. This technology lets the mass media to distribute information to the public around the world (Mansell & Raboy, 2011, p. 67). Mansell & Raboy (2011, p. 45) also noted that, despite the proposed global principles, different states still have principles for information system of government or relationships with specific states. International unions of Medias exist, and specific ones have formed acknowledgements of codes. However, most journalism organizations and mass media organizations have accepted the worldwide or international code. This policy was adopted and endorsed by UNESCO. Mansell & Raboy (2011, p. 149) noted that there are three main mediators of broadcasting globalization. These are the technological revolution, globalization, and democratization. They noted that, the worldwide mass media market had been regulated by seven global firms, The Vivendi, AOL Time Warner, Sony, Disney, News Corporation, Bertelsmann and Viacom (Mansell & Raboy, 2011, p. 149). These corporations were in their contemporary form as broadcasting firms for the last fifteen years and today, almost all of these corporations still flourish among the main three hundred nonfinancial organizations around the world. Out of this cooperation, only three of the cooperation’s are from the United States. However, they have major influences on the firms and influence their production. All this influences are because of improved technology around the world (Mansell & Raboy, 2011, p. 149). For example, in the past, tremendous developments in communication expertise make worldwide media territories achievable and profitable in an inconceivable way. This is similar to the globalization writing in media (Mansell & Raboy, 2011, p. 149). However, the real motivating factor was the continual chase for profit that led to capitalism factor, which used force for a change to deregulation of global codes. In media production, this implies that, the reduction or removal of barriers to profitable exploitation of the press focused on private press ownership (Mansell & Raboy, 2011, p. 149). 1.4 Conclusion It is important to note that, a lot of information is needed all over the world, and the press should ensure that they present information to the public in an appropriate manner, which is not harmful. People need access to information about different ways of developing, different techniques in Science and Medicine. The government also needs proper information to make decisions and come up with better policies like the United States and other developed countries where information are used as a basic resource for development. It is also important to understand that globalization is an important component in communication because it leads to different forms of communication like the use of internet. Authoritarian theory of communication mainly prevails in a dictatorial society where the government officials protect their own interests by controlling all media companies. It may also appear in democratic communities where the interests of the governing official are protected. From this essay, this theory advocates for the media companies following all the government rules. They should also be subordinate to the ruling authority, and the main function of media under this theory is to propagate government ideologies alone. References Baker, C.E., 2002. Media, Markets and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barnhurst, K., & Nerone, J., 2001. The Form of News: A History. New York: The Guilford Press. Ferree, M.M., Gamson, W., Gerhards, J., & Rucht, D., 2002. Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Levira, M. A., 2004. Instructional technology in developing countries at the crossroads: Should the countries go electronic? International Journal of Instructional Media, 24 (197):13. Mansell, R. & M. Raboy, R., ed. 2011. The Handbook of Global Media and Communication Policy. London: Wiley-Blackwell. Nolan, P., 2001. China and the global economy: national champions, industrial policy and the big business revolution. Houndsmill: Palgrave. ------- 2004. Transforming China: Globalization, Transition and Development. London: Anthem. Rajagopal, A., 2012. “Wanted: A communications policy.” The Hindu. January 24, 2012. Sarikakis, K., 2004. British Media in a Global Era. London: Hodder Arnold. Read More