Database and Booking System - Case Study Example

Database and booking System Report Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Need for new technology 3 New software implementation using database technology 4 Relational Database 5 Conclusion 8 References 9 Introduction Information systems (ISs) are presented as a link bridge among the computer science and business world, however this discipline is gradually emerging as a well-defined discipline. Normally, an IS encompasses procedures, colleagues, software, data as well as hardware (through degree) that are employed to analyze and gather business or corporate information. In particular computer-based IS are corresponding networks of software/hardware that people and businesses utilize to filter, collect, create, process and distribute data. Nowadays, computer information system (CIS) is frequently a minor track inside the computer science area pursuing the study of algorithmic and computers procedures, comprising their principles, hardware and software designs, applications, as well as influence on society. Generally, a IS field puts emphasis on functionality over design (Kwame & Oduro-Kwarteng, 2009). This report presents the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the new software using database technology. In additional, this report will describe the relational database model and the benefits of a DBMS. Also, this report will provide a detailed analysis of the databases and new software implementations. Need for new technology The implementation of modern and up-to-date techniques of information technology in any organization tends to powerfully influence the growth, utilization, and application of business information. In this scenario IS uses a series of processes and methodologies that could be employed to facilitate the development and utilization of an information system. In addition, a number of developers have developed and employed engineering technique like that system development life cycle (SDLC) that is a systematic process of developing an IS by dividing it into phases that occur in series. Additionally, an IS could be developed in house (inside the business) or outsourced (outsourcing to outside firm). Furthermore, this development could be more successful through outsourcing certain parts or the whole system (Kwame & Oduro-Kwarteng, 2009). There are many areas in which the information can be used in business and organizational areas these could be; (Kwame & Oduro-Kwarteng, 2009) Requirements specification for the new system Review and maintenance Problem recognition and specification Information gathering System construction System design System implementation New software implementation using database technology Kwame & Oduro-Kwarteng (2009) stated that in wide sense, the term IS refers to the communication among algorithmic procedures and technology. However, this communication could happen inside or across organizational boundaries. In addition, an information system is not simply the technology that a business employs, however it is a way in which the organizations implement the cooperation of the technology with the organization’s procedures. However, information systems are different from IT (information technology), since information system has an information technology part that connects the procedures with the information system (Kwame & Oduro-Kwarteng, 2009; Whitten et al., 2000). The database is an important part of the information system. The present database technology has completely transformed and modernized the traditional ways of information handling and management. At the present, organizations have huge databases that are used to take and extract effective business information for making decision and carrying out actions. Thus, a data warehouse is one of the most popular examples of such database technology (Pratt & Adamski, 2007) & (Breck, 2006). Additionally, present database technology has also offered various advantages about all the matters of a business. Furthermore, for managing and transferring huge business information database technology is offering a great deal advantages, for instance, to store customer’s records, transactions etc (Liang et al., 2006). Relational Database A relational database is a combination of data sets arranged as a set of properly described tables from which data could be reassembled or accessed in a lot of diverse means without reorganizing the database tables. E. F. Codd invented relational database at IBM in 1970. Additionally, a relational database is a collection of tables holding data fitted into properly arranged groups. Every table (that is sometimes acknowledged as a relation) holds one or more data groups in columns. And, every row holds a unique instance of data for the groups presented by the columns. For instance, a usual sales order entry database would comprise a table that illustrates a consumer by having columns such as address, name, phone number, and so forth. While, an additional table would explain like an order that holds customer, product, sales price, date and so forth. In addition, a client of the database could get an overview of the database that fixes the users requirements. For instance, a branch office manager can use the database to obtain description on the entire business clients that had bought goods after a certain date. Furthermore, it could be used by an economic services executive from the similar company, to accomplish a report on accounts that need to be paid (Kadar, 2002; Alam & Wasan, 2006; Monk et al., 1996). Some of main most popular commercial databases are following (Kadar, 2002; Whitten et al., 2000): IBM DB 2 Oracle Ingres: The first commercial RDBMS Microsoft SQL Server Here SQL is stands for structured query language. Since, the structured query language is an easy to use language that offers commands or instructions for developing as well as changing the structure of databases and for adjusting the data stored in the tables. However, the most useful commands utilized to adjust as well as retrieve data are (Bain, 2009) (Oracle-Corporation, 2009; Oz, 2008): Update - Modifies existing row(s) of data Insert - Inserts one or more rows of data. Select - Fetches data. Delete - Deletes rows of data. There are numerous ANSI/ISO standards like that ANSI 92. However, the ANSI 92 is one of majority popular standard for SQL. Since, this explains the smallest amount of maintained statements. Thus, the majority compiler vendors implement these standards (Kadar, 2002) & (Oracle-Corporation, 2009). Benefits of DBMS There are various advantages of DBMS (Database Management Systems). Since, a real database management system presents numerous advantages over traditional file processing arrangements. The most important advantages of a DBMS are the followings (Satalkar, 2009) & (Thile & Melzer, 2005): No Language Dependence: The main advantage of database management systems is that, they are not language dependant. Consequently, they can be utilized by a variety of languages as well as on a variety of platforms (Francois, 2009; Satalkar, 2009). Fast response: Database management system offers fast response to information needs: For the reason that data are incorporated into a particular database, compound requests could be managed through a great deal more speedily than if the data were positioned in non-integrated and separate files. Since, in many businesses, quicker response believed as they will offer better customer service (Thile & Melzer, 2005; Satalkar, 2009). Flexibility: Database management system is a more flexible system that offers better working and management for business data. In this scenario data and programs are self-governing, programs that do not have to be customized when data types of dissimilar data are deleted or added from the database, or when physical storage transformations (Francois, 2009; Satalkar, 2009). Multiple access: Database management system allows data access in a diversity of means (like that by means of a variety of key fields) as well as frequently, by utilizing numerous programming languages (like nonprocedural 4GL programs and 3GL languages) (Francois, 2009; Satalkar, 2009). Less storage: Database management system theoretically takes less storage through effective storage management. Since, by means of the database management system the entire occurrences of data items require be stored simply once, thus getting rid of the storage of replicated and redundant data. Thus, the database designers and system developers frequently utilize data normalization to trim down huge data replication and data redundancy (Francois, 2009; Satalkar, 2009). Lower user guidance costs: Database management system offers users frequently find it similar to learn like other systems thus the training costs could be minimized. As well, the total time taken to manage requests could also be reduced, that would augment user productivity (Satalkar, 2009). Data Security: Database management system offers facility to manage data that is most significant asset. Consequently, here security of that valuable data is basic concern. However, the database management systems keep the data protected (Satalkar, 2009). Conclusion This paper has presented a detailed analysis of different aspects of database technology. At the present, the implementations of databases have become necessary for the organizations. Since, the databases offer so many advantages to the organizations. This paper has presented an overview of different aspects of database technology its implementations and main advantages. I hope this paper will offer an overview of database technology and its benefits. References Alam, M. & Wasan, S.K., 2006. Migration from Relational Database into Object Oriented Database. Journal of Computer Science, 2(10), pp.781-84. Bain, T., 2009. Is the Relational Database Doomed? [Online] Available at: http://www.readwriteweb.com/enterprise/2009/02/is-the-relational-database-doomed.php [Accessed 03 March 2010]. Breck, L., 2006. An Introduction to Client/Server Database Development, A review of the technologies behind a revolution. Client/Server Databases, 11(6). Francois, C., 2009. What are the Advantages of DBMS? [Online] Available at: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-advantages-of-dbms.htm [Accessed 03 March 2010]. Kadar, M., 2002. Dat Modeling and Relational Database Design in Archaeology. ACTA 3/2002, University of Alba Iulia, Romania Department of Computer Sciences, pp.73-80. Kwame, A. & Oduro-Kwarteng, 2009. What is information system (is). [Online] Available at: http://cbisghana.webs.com/ [Accessed 02 March 2010]. Liang, T.-Y., Wang, S.-Y. & Chang, L.-I., 2006. A Web-Based Database Management System Supporting Parallel Data Mining Service on PC Clusters. In ICICIC, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2. Beijing, 2006. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA. Monk, S., Mariani, J.A., Elgalal, B. & Campbell, H., 1996. Migration from Relational to Object-oriented Databases. Information and Software Technology, 38(7), pp.467-475. Oracle-Corporation, 2009. A Comparison of Oracle Berkeley DB and Relational Database Management Systems. An Oracle Technical White Paper, pp.1-13. Oz, E., 2008. Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition. Thomson Cource Teachnolgy. Pratt, P.J. & Adamski, J.J., 2007. Concepts Of Database Management. 6th ed. New York: Course Technology. Satalkar, B., 2009. Advantages of Database Management Systems. [Online] Available at: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-database-management-systems.html [Accessed 03 March 2010]. Thile, A.H.v. & Melzer, I., 2005. Smart Files: Combining the Advantages of DBMS and WfMS with the Simplicity and Flexibility of Spreadsheets. In Datenbanksysteme in Business, Technologie und Web, 11. Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs "Datenbanken und Informationssysteme" (DBIS). Karlsruhe, 2005. Whitten, J.L., Bentley, L.D. & Dittman, K.C., 2000. Systems Analysis and Design Methods 5th Edition. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Part 2 1- Initial entity types Customer ->Customer-ID Customer-Name Customer-Address Customer-Phone Customs-Gender Customs-Type Caravan -> Caravan-ID Caravan-Name Caravan-Site Caravan-Owner Caravan-Cost Caravan-Location Caravan-Type Booking -> Booking-ID Booking-Type Booking-Discount Booking-Date Booking-Site Booking-Time Payment -> Payment-ID Payment-Date Payment-Amount Discount -> Discount-ID Discount-Type Discount-Reason Orders -> Orders-ID Orders-Date Orders-Type 2- Degree of each relationship One to Many- Customer can give many orders One to Many- One Caravan can be booked on different dates One to one- Customer can have one payment at one time One to many- One customer can give many orders at a time One to one- one discount is offered to one customer at a time Many to many- Many customers can place many Bookings 3- Resolution of many-to-many relationships Customer (->Customer-ID, Customer-Name, Customer-Address, Customer-Phone, Customs-Gender, Customs-Type) Requests (->Customer-ID, -> Booking-ID, Date, Place, Time) Booking (-> Booking-ID, Booking-Type, Booking-Discount, Booking-Date, Booking-Site, Booking-Time) 4- ER Diagram Read More