Phenomena of Piracy and Copyright Laws - Essay Example

Anthill The peer-to-peer networking is one of the most pivotal points that has revolutionized the phenomena of piracy and copyright laws that continues to haunt the industry. P2P is pivotal as it enables users to share files in a very decentralized manner. Undoubtedly, the enormous success of systems such as Napster and ITunes has been a gift for individuals who want to avoid paying for downloading music. However, the peer-to-peer environment has been all that wonderful considering the fact those issues such as reliability, security and routing. In order to combat this issue, the author proposes a similar methodology of designing a renovating a P2P approach based on an ant colony. The Anthill infrastructure proposes an idea in which nesting becomes a vital component. Nest implementation consists of three components which consist of: document storage, ant manager and a gateway agent. In this particular framework, five nests work together as a storage component for these networks and uses algorithms. The current model of Anthill enables users engaged in P2P system to use genetic algorithms that may simplify tasking of specifying the parameters for a query. One of the aspects that was explored with Anthill was to program it in Java since Java is portable is secured. Since Ants are generated by nests in response to requests, each ant tries to fulfill the request for which needs to be generated. Anthill is special because it takes care of all low-level details such as communication, security, ant scheduling. Developers wishing to experiment with new P2P protocols can concentrate on developing suitable ant algorithms using the framework. Bit Torrent Bit Torrent is a file distribution system that is heavily used by users for sharing information through bits and pieces. When a file is available using HTTP, the upload costs are atoned by the hosting machine. However, with the advent of a Bit Torrent, multiple users that are downloading a similar file can share that file from each other. This is highly effective as it reduces not only the cost but the lag time in downloading. A unique feature about Bit Torrent interface is the fact that it is very simple to use. Users can easily navigate and launch Bit Torrent using the “Save As” button. One of the key aspects regarding Bit Torrent is the issue of deployment. Users who want to initiate deployment of a specific torrent by using the extension .torrent on an ordinary web server. The whole essence of Bit Torrent is to enhance the functions of peer sharing. Peer distribution consists of many factors that culminate to make the whole process work. One of the elements that makes Bit Torrent useful is pipelining. Pipelining is a method in which the delay time is eliminated. When transferring data over TCP, like BitTorrent conducts, it is critical to always have several requests pending at once, to avoid a delay between pieces being sent. Bit Torrent facilitates this by breaking pieces further into sub-pieces over the wire. Overall, Bit Torrent will continue to be the future for peer sharing as society progresses to 21st century. Free riding Free riding in Bit Torrent is controversial issue as it hallmarks the whole essence of the peer-to-peer communication model. In a conventional model, a Bit Torrent client that connects to many more peers than the protocol specifies. Thus, P2P system performance is highly dependent on the amount of allocation of resources that are reserved for individual nodes. Thus, a phrase called as obedient users who obey to a specified protocol without considering the network as their own utility. Here, the concept of free riding is users who attempt to benefit from the resources of others without contributing their resources are known as free-riders. The clear issue among distributed system designers that the ultimate success of their system depends not just on not on the conventional such as performance, robustness and feasibility but also incentive derived features. It is evident that users contribute resources to a P2P system for a variety of reasons. Some may offer sharing of information in exchange for receiving other resources in the present time or in the near future. Others do it because money. The problem of overcoming free-riding behavior is central to the performance and robustness of many peer to peer systems. Hence, the game theory is applied in order to understand the rational behavior of users. The way to combat free riding is by providing many incentive mechanisms for users. Clearly, it is vital that tracking of usage by individuals should be conducted since free riding can have devastating effects on P2P system. Newscast The popularity of peer to peer networking has been the embodiment of sharing and collaboration as it can easily scale to millions of processes. The newscast model strives to solve the question of communication as it utilizes agent-based distributed systems. In the newscast model, there are two basic services: membership management and information dissemination are implemented by Java coding script. Peer-to-peer systems are divided into two layers as the lower layers is responsible for protocol while the higher layer is in charge a specific application. The lower layers also communicate with three core systems which consist of: support content-based searching, routing a request, and epidemic protocols. The Newscast Protocol is efficient because it connects a large group of agents is connected through a simple peer-to-peer data exchange protocol. The two main building blocks of this newscast model are a collective of agents and a news agency, similar to a model of a TV channel. In order to experiment with the newscast model, the implementation of we implemented underlying protocol Java was chosen for portability reasons. The programming in newscast is designed in such a manner that an agent id is assigned to this news agency model who acts like a correspondents which exchanges caches through a LAN and a WAN. The model in here is successful as the implementation of Java can enhance the scalability of communication. The scalability and dependability that is achieved through the networking model can make data more symmetric when transferred from a peer-to-peer system. Read More