Mutualists in the United States - Assignment Example

History 11. What were the mutualistas? Who belonged to them? Mutualistas were individuals and groups who helped the community members cope while in United States. Immigrants needed aid to adapt and gain means of survival in a foreign country. More so, these individuals provided a nexus between immigrants and their relatives in native country. This association of mutualistas enhanced quick adoption of United States education, language and cultural practises to reduce discrimination against them. Mutualistas comprised of all individuals who were ready to liberate and unite Mexicans in United States. Its membership was not restricted and it consisted of Mexican authorities, nation organizations for instance Alianza Hispano formed in 1894, Club Femenino Orquidia and women groups. 12. What did El Norte symbolize to the immigrants from Mexico in the early twentieth century? The main two actors in El Norte were David Villalpando and Zaide Gutierrez and they experienced civil war, which made them flee to America. Experiences witnessed by the individuals symbolized hard life they encountered while in United States of America where they did hard chores within poor environments. Conversely, their freedoms and rights were hand capped by government and those who tried to boycott duty were severely murdered and tortured. Though they were discriminated in United States, it still remained better to them than their homeland where there was turmoil and insecurity. These actors preferred life in captivity where you can get basic wants than being free in a country where you suffer due to high poverty levels. 13. What were the results of the Mexican Revolution for the average Mexican? Mexicans enjoyed a tranquil society after the revolution since new democratic country was formed which catered for needs of the people. Economic development was jerked by applying mixed economy strategies that welcomed investors and local entrepreneurs. Mexican citizens who were squatters were given land by the government and this improved their living standards since they can engage in agricultural production. Human rights and freedoms were adhered to by the government and laws and policies were put in place to protect citizens for instance formalization of peasant organisations and labor unions. Restoration of peace created an avenue for distribution of goods and services making it readily available for consumers. 14. What did the train come to symbolize? Train come symbolizes a new beginning in the life of Americans after a long time of captivity and unrest. It bestows lots of hope to citizens and encourages the government to gear towards achieving initial stability before the revolution. However, these hopes and aims can be achieved via uniting all Mexicans to create a common bond and cohesion. Though train come made people lose their hard earned property and others lives, it marked a beginning since Mexicans were to contribute to economic growth of their own country. 15. What kinds of work did most Mexicans find when they came to the United States? Give some examples for both men and women in different parts of the country? Mexican immigrants found life hard in foreign land and had to indulge in odd jobs in order to make ends meet. Early immigrants found good jobs but with endless flow of illegal Mexican citizens, Unites States economy was disfranchised of jobs and all Mexicans were relegated to blue collar jobs for instance in industries, farm work and house maid duties. In this regard, men participated in tedious jobs for example working in plantations, herding livestock and operating industrial equipments. On the other hand, women indulged in housekeeping chores like babysitting, washing toilets, caring for the old and washing clothes. This depended on different regions one inhabited for instance industrialization was practised in North America and agriculture in the South. Most Mexicans’ work places were un conducive for example industrial set up where there is a lot of noise, harmful fumes and working in plantations without protective gear which harmed lives and led to diseases (Hernan R & Pierrette H 2009). 16. What were the conditions like in the migrant labour groups? Labour groups were organization of individuals who championed for the rights of fellow employees. Labour groups were perceived as illegal and those found fighting for it were harshly sanctioned and imprisoned. Despite these coercions, they were able to speak for their members which led to liberation of workers from tyranny of employers. 17. What was education like for the migrant children and why? Immigrant children education status depended on the different phases of arrival. First phase children attained lower level of education because they had to integrate and learn English cultures. Second and third phase immigrants enjoyed good learning environments since they quickly learnt English language and tradition. Moreover, all children were allowed to intermingle in the same institutions though white children attended special schools which were expensive. Due to low economic class, Mexicans took their children to public schools which were cheap to pay. Education was boosted by intermarriage between Mexicans and whites that gave rise to abolition of anti-miscegenation laws that restricted interracial marriages thus all children were treated equally though this depended on States for instance, California accepted Mexicans. 18. What was the result of the great depression for the Mexican worker? When great depression affected United States economy, jobs became scarce, economy collapsed and food availability became hard. This led to deportation of Mexicans back to their homeland via free trains. Unavailability of jobs increased dependence on the government and repatriation of immigrants was an alternative to solve the catastrophe. In this process, most Mexicans lost their wealth and relatives due to forceful eviction. Those peasants who remained had to accept a pay cut with turf working conditions. Immigrants who had acquired land were coerced and the land auctioned to service bank loans to avoid closure of central bank. 19. What were barrios and what purpose did they serve? Barrios are slums villages found in city neighbourhood and localities where middle-class citizens dwell. Barrios provide accommodation to lower class citizens who cannot afford luxurious apartments in cities. In United States, barrios which accommodated Mexican immigrants include Illinois, Manhattan, Chicago, Los Angeles and California. Rather, these villages are inhabited by low income earners therefore, cost of living is low and crimes are rampant. Different ethnicities live in designated barrios such as American Indians who inter married with whites live in Oklahoma State of America. Black-White and Latino intermarriages inhibit Texas State and Mexicans and American Mexicans live in California. 20. Who are the Avavares people and how do they fit into the narrative of Cabeza de Vaca? Avavares resided near Nueces River where there were bushy and tuna vegetation. They live in a solitude environment and speak language different from their neighbours. Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca talks about a governor who commenced a journey and encountered many problems along the way. Avavares fit into this narrative in that, they are used to harsh environments full of thorns and bushes therefore, they could persevere unlike the governor. Sailing is a tedious endeavour enhance Avavares are professionals in navigating rivers therefore, could readily fit into the narrative. 21. In the story “Rosa in Television land”, why did Rosa not want to collect her social security benefits? Why was that a decision informed by her cultural perspective? Rosa is a woman who fended for her ill sister and herself therefore in her struggles; she witnesses people dumping good food into garbage bins rather than help the needy. She does television commercials and works as a chocolate factory employee but this wages are not sufficient for their survival. She does not want to collect her social security benefits since she deems them as investment and can aid in times of need. This decision is informed by cultural perspective because in her culture, she learnt that one cannot consume what she has but save them for use in hard times given her humble background. It is these cultural traits that have kept her going strong because she cannot give up especially when her siblings are depending on her. 22. Give to example of the Creole dialect with English translation from Posson Jone? A Creole is a language developed from native languages adopted by parents is altered by the children to form a different language. These Creoles formed at times have similarities with original languages which creating a slight difference between the two. Posson Jones Creole language have been adopted throughout the world for instance in Jamaican Patois and Rastafarianism are widely used in Jamaica and was formed from English, Singlish is a Creole adopted in Malaysian Island and was formed by intermingling Chinese and Malay. These Creoles have direct English translations though the accent diverse a bit. 23. Describe, through example samples in your reading, some similarities in the forced assimilation of the “Latino” as in the forced assimilation of the Native Americans in Unit 1 Latinos are people who live in Latin America which is made of south America, Mexico and Central America, Canada and Spain. Latinos in Canada are referred to as first nation people while Native Americans inhabit continents of north and South America. Moreover, Latinos are multilingual and is made up of many races due to interracial marriages over a long time for example Mexicans, Brazilians, Peru, Argentineans and Hispanic but all of them have adopted American culture. Native Americans are the indigenous people of American continents and both speak English languages. Both Latinos and Native Americans profess catholic religion. Both groups have same physique since Latinos were born from intermarriage between whites, Africans and Mexicans. Physical traits have been transferred from generation to generation therefore making the two communities portray the same physical appearance. 24. Who do you feel is responsible for the conflict in the story written by Buloson? Explain. In the story written by Buloson, I harshly blame the government and administrators for neglecting its citizens. Buloson was born in a poor family and had to undertake odd jobs to make a living for example wash dishes and harvest in farms. All these conflicts led to death of Buloson who was treated unkindly after publishing his book “America is in the Heart.” After joining labor movements, he was perceived as a traitor and jailed where he lacked valuable commodities in life. 25. What is the hierarchy and why is important to the story line in “El Patron”? Hierarchy is systematic allocation of resources and responsibility to avoid confusion and inequality. El patron is story line about someone who comes from a humble background and tussles to become independent. These individuals go through thick and thin to gain standards enjoyed by previous leaders. Blue collar individuals are classified under El patron and hierarchy is paramount since order needs to be followed to avoid complications. Hierarchy of needs should be observed since one cannot afford all needs but give preference to physiological needs. El patron talks about son who deferred his father’s views after inheriting leadership from him. 26. Have you met someone like Rosa in your real life? If so, what makes you say that? If not might you encounter a similar person in your life someday? In my life I have encountered people like Rosa and they have transformed my perception of real life struggle. This is because despite hard life and high cost of living, they still save and help their siblings and relatives who have none. Rosa was a struggler and cannot concede defeat even when there are slim chances of loosing, at twenty years of age, she worked in two companies no matter how harsh the job was. Actually Rosa is an individual to emulate and cherish in daily life struggle. 27. What is the main point of the story “Mariah”? Mariah is story about relieve times which was eagerly anticipated by members of the society. This is usually spring times which preceded harsh winter where individuals were restricted by harsh weather conditions to perform chores. In winter, ice and hailstones fill the ground and one cannot engage in any productive activity. This story elaborates the anticipation people had during trying times to be liberated and become independent. Mariah story depicts the challenges people pass through when they cannot fulfil their needs due to un enabling environment for instance government policies, economic hardships, lack of freedoms and rights and poverty. The story strives to give hope to people facing difficulties to achieve life goals and priorities. 28. In Candelaria’s El Patron, Senor Martinez’s son rebels against the values instilled by his father. What choices did the son make and what was a factor that led to this new way of thinking? Senior Martinez’s son was called Tito and he allowed his social conscience to guide and this resulted in going against his father’s will. Senior Martinez was a conservative leader and never liked interfering with other people’s democratic rights. His son in return embraced meddling with other people’s affairs leading to disagreement and enmity. More so, Tito viewed American policies as only restricted to its culture and saw the need to make it global. There was policies which restricted immigrants from attaining full American identity and Tito worked to make American society multiracial and allow other races for example Mexico be respected and honored. This way of thinking was influenced by society’s ability to change and accept these policies. On the other hand, there was support from political elites who differed with Martinez and encouraged his son to implement the changes. Works Cited Hernan R, Pierrette H. "Mexican Immigrant Gardeners: Entrepreneurs or Exploited Workers?" Social Problems (2009): 70-88. Read More