Politics of Northeast Asian Countries : Modern China era since 1800 - Essay Example

Politics of Northeast Asian Countries: Modern China era since 1800 The Chinese people have proved to be the true successors of the great Confucius civilization. There was a time when China was in deep slumber and languor. Chinese started to reform themselves in each and every aspect of life and the world saw political reforms, economic reforms, reforms in civil and social services (Wong and Zhiyue, 58). The economic reforms are the most important and key aspect of the Chinese overall performance. Being the fifth largest population of the world, the Chinese changed their economic uphold and on the same time they performed optimally to inculcate this shift. As a result, there was a plummet in the per capita income and GDP rose up to 10% per year. After the 3rd Plenum of the 11th Party Congress in December 1978, the communist party of China and other pioneers decided to halt the political tussle and immediately stop all the political provocation between the parties. Orders were issued to stop criticism on political leaders like Lin Biao and to merely focus on economic reforms. Township and village enterprises (TVE) were the first step by local industrial partners to give authority and autonomy to the locals. This gave a manufacturing boost and results were evident in early 90’s. Emphasis was given on the local property and small industries to initiate the sense of responsibility among the masses. At the beginning the concept of private ownership was propagated but by the time the economic reforms took the opportunity to meet the needs of international markets, a combination of public ownership and private ownership was introduced. The reforms in contract and lease policies also bring ease to the local farmers. The long term contracts on peace of land gave the farmer the right to enjoy the “business less ownership”, in which he can cultivate, use the farm in any way but certainly not sell , lease, outsource the land in turn. Privatization policies were obliged and the result is depicted in late 90’s because most of the China’s GDP is contributed by privatized industries. The adaptation of openness in the economic market after the reforms showed its fruits in mid 2000 as the 30 percent of the GDP were just because of exports. The internationalization policy announced in the economic reforms made a great impact on the economy positively because 5-6 % of the economic growth was given by companies’ registered outside China mainland. (Lindbeck) The political reforms took place after the 3rd Plenum of the 11th Party Congress in December 1978, because many crucial decisions were made. The monopoly of communism was challenged and the new slogan advocated a modern, socialist and economically strong China. Dictatorship of communist party was demolished and there was denial of any instruction by any member of communist party unless it is supported by the masses. CPC realized the need of reconciliation policies and as Mr. Deng once said “Socialism cannot survive unless we introduce pure democracy in the political system of China. The results of these reforms are that many parties can jointly select a nominee for the leadership. Similarly, democratic parties besides socialists and communists can take part in the political race. This gives an open environment for the growth and political maturity of the masses. (Ji) As far as Xi Jinping being a successful reformer, the odds are giving glimpse of optimism. His down to earth approach at the start depicted his approach towards bringing change and uniqueness. His first visit to Lotus Hill Park in considered as a good sign by the local masses because there was no guard or protocol and first visit of Chinese leaders used be at base of Xibaipo. Being upfront since youth, He is being considered as the most powerful radical reformist of the future. His military command as well as the vice presidency give him impetus to work in almost any kind of odds. The new report of transparency international depicts that there has been a great fall in China’s corruption rate and this was exactly what promised by Xi Jinping. The political position f Mr. Xi Jinping is also strong as he is considered as an ally of Jiang and other party mainstream leadership. This will help him to boost up his mandate. Mr. Xi Jinping is considered as the true son of the soil as he passed through arduous struggles by working in “Yellow earth” when his father purged him off home. He has worked in four different provinces of China in his party career which equips him with great political insight and acumen. Having two party elders and mentors like Jiang and Hu on this back, Mr. Xi Jinping is more likely to be the most needed reformer of the hour. The ideology always plays a key role in the formation of the societies but when it comes to “reformation” of society, ideology can be relative term whose explanation cannot sustain a simple yes or no. Without a doubt there has been a clear decline in the rigid confinements in the ideological thought process of post Mio China but the edges of social reforms were under the carefully knit verges of CCP. The masses clearly diverged from the blind following of Mao Tse Tung and main communist mentors because of the openness of economic and political reforms. There was a time when the democrats and socialists were totally sidelined in the political system of China but now the democrats can select a nominee, take part in election and become the leader. This shows the main twist and decentralization of thoughts in the ideological synthesis in political corridors of China. The results of these ideological changes were inculcated and helved by the mainstream Chinese leaders by giving a new shape to orthodox theories and represented new versions like slogans of Hu Jintao’s Harmonious Society, Deng Xiaoping’s Theory and Jiang Zemin’s “Three Represents (Barabantseva, 66). These paradigm shifts have caused many researches to think that why CCP is still in power and that is the key pivot tip that tells us that despite of the ideological changes, the Chinese leaders and come wu with theory of “redesigning” the new and concomitant to retain the backbone of ideological basis. The exponential rise of China in economy has raised the eyebrows of policy makers in the US. There are two schools of thought. One is of the view that economically strong China is in favor if US and other countries as Chinese have a policy of “smile” for other countries. The open market economy will give boost to US in international market and we can live in peace and harmony with China, The other school of thought which is the more strong having support of historic and ground realities, is against this thesis. The disturbance in straits of Taiwan and Sino Indian war in 1962 is giving precursor of intimidation. China has always favored other countries in comparison to US because China is becoming as the sole competitor of Us in the field of economy, military and social justice. After the massive military rollout and show of power by China by kicking off the state of the art stealth fighters, the relationship never seems be the like Anglo -American type. This caution was given by the director of the national intelligence to the senate when He said that China’s nuclear arsenal is the most potent and severe threat to the states so far. The advancement of China in space and cyber warfare has sprung up enormously in the past few years. China is very much busy in Taiwan conflict but researchers say that after the completion of “business” with Taiwan, by 2020, China will be much capable of focusing the attention on military aspects of global role which has been long anticipated by the gurus of America policy makers. Still the threat is not of the level of Nazis and Soviets because China is a developing state. Many researchers say that it will take years if not decades for china to be at the level of America to complete in the military grounds. But yes the economic threat is evident. The famous Pew research survey published a report which said that 60 percent of the Americans think that rising China is a threat to US. The debt issue is a big emerging problem for America. Nearly 78% Americans think that China is holding large debts of US which can multiply the problems for them enormously in the near future. The role of China in United Nation and its shift towards anti American policies in perspective of new changes in the regime is also being seen as portent for America. The gigantic rise of GDP and China being on the side of Pakistan which is the emerging nuclear power is also seen a negative point for the Federation of America (Mucha). The effects of this real threat are now being seen in the foreign policy action by American administration. President Obama filed an official complaint which said that China should be stopped from illegal exports of automotive parts and undermining the American suppliers in the open market (Riley). These threats are really making an impact on the policy making of re elected administration in America. Works Cited Barabantseva, Elena. Overseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities, and Nationalism: De-centering China. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon [England: Routledge, 2011. Print. Ji, Liu. "The Reform of Chinese Political System." The Reform of Chinese Political System. N.p., 5 Sept. 2003. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Lindbeck, Assar. "Economic Reforms and social change in China." n.d. Mucha, Thomas. "Is China an Economic Threat to the US?" Alaska News, Politics, Culture, and Current Events. Alaska Dispatch, 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Riley, Charles. "Americans: China Is an Economic Threat." CNNMoney. Cable News Network, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Top of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form Wong, John, and Zhiyue Bo. China's Reform in Global Perspective. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2010. Print.Bottom of Form Read More