Theoretical Perspectives and the Strong Argument - Essay Example

Functionalism, Behaviorism, dependency theory, critical theories, and other approaches, including international ethics, post-colonialism, post-modernism, historical sociology, state cartel theory, and geopolitics. (Baylis and Smith, 2001) Then, in order to define historical events of the global policy within conceptual framework, according to Sens and Stoett, we must connect international relations with theoretical perspectives as their origins but on the contrary as their outcomes. (2005) So, let us begin the thorough examination of methods of global politics with the Realism.

It can be classical (for example, writings of Thomas Hobbes), neo-realist, offensive, defensive, neo-classical, and liberal (English school). (Brown, 2005) Being separated into three main groups, realist theories presented nation-states as the “main actors in international politics.” (Burchill, 2001) Firstly, “statism” is believed to be a “state-centric theory of international relations;” then, “survival” theory signifies that global policy is a “struggle for power between self-interested states” (Bucher, 1998); thirdly, “self-help” theory claims that “no other states can be relied upon to help guarantee the state’s survival.

” (Brown and Nardin, 2002) Furthermore, theoretical approach of Liberalism, originated from the utopian tradition rather than from rational, claims that “state preferences… are the primary determinant of state behavior,” (Der Derian, 1995) depending on culture, economy, or governance; on the contrary, Realism hold that only “high politics” could determine the nature of things in the international relations, not “low politics,” as it was stated by Liberalism. Afterwards, Neoliberalism, being widely known as neoliberal institutionalism, can be treated through a suggestion that only international institutions as an international cobweb of global institutions must be regarded as relevant enough to solve the problems with state autonomy and sovereignty within politic, human rights, economic, and social dimension.

Also, Post-liberalism is focused constantly on the defining of terms of autonomy and sovereignty with a means of interdependency between states, global institutions, and non-state agents. Moreover, not being originated from positivist/rationalist group of theories, Constructivism could not be traced to the Realism or Liberalism. Therefore, arguing that “international policies is shaped by persuasive ideas, collective values, culture, and social identities,” Constructivism views the theoretical framework of global policy as socially constructed.

Ultimately, if Realism was tended to determine the global politics by the factor of nation-state military power and Liberalism viewed international cobweb of global institutions as principally framed with the means of non-state agents, concepts