Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery - Essay Example

Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery Name: Institute: Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery Introduction Biomedical engineering is an exhilarating field that is based on the application of science and engineering methods, to the examination of physiological and biological problems as well as to the health care delivery. In essence, biomedical engineering entails springing up procedures and machines that unravel therapeutic and health-associated setbacks by integrating their medical and biological expertise with engineering practices and standards (Peng, Zhang, & Wang, 2010). In regard, biomedical engineer needs the diagnostic paraphernalia and expansive physical comprehension of contemporary science and engineering, elemental comprehension of the physiological and biological system, as well as the acquaintance with up to date hi-tech advances. Importance of Improving Health Care Quality setbacks are presently reflected in the broad disparity in effect to health care services, the overuse and underuse of a number of services, and exploitation of others. Currently, improving health care quality and decreasing health-related inaccuracies are main concerns for the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in (ACSQHC). Day after day, millions of Australians get first-class health care that assist ACSQH to sustain or reinstate their wellbeing and capability to work. Health-care quality setbacks are reflected in an extensive disparity in the application of health care services, under-application of several services, over-application of other services, as well as exploitation of services, which entails intolerable level of inaccuracies. According to Veer et al. (2010), the Australian primary health system is unbalanced, unproductive, and there is just incredibly limited data concerning its quality. However, it is greatly probable that demographic, technical, communal and financial change will bring about heightened desire for such services. In spite of the obtainable proof, so far endeavours at improve health care have been bit by bit. For this reason, there is a pressing need to formulate a countrywide plan for community care and primary health (Veer et al. 2010). Background of Femtosecond Laser for Cataract Surgery Since 2001, femtosecond lasers have fruitfully been applied in ophthalmic surgery for some years now. Besides that, the technology has been used extensively, especially in refractive laser surgery proved to be more accurate as compared to extremely complicated mechanical machines, with a smaller amount of possible collateral tissue side effects. Bali et al. (2012) posits that akin to refractive surgery, technology presented by femtosecond laser can convey these benefits to cataract surgery with enhancements in centration, reproducibility, as well as protection. Furthermore, the prelude reports based on the femtosecond laser intraocular application are showing potential. What’s more, lasers may perhaps at present help or substitute quite a few features of cataract surgery including; formation of the capsulotomy, the clear corneal incisions (CCI) formation, lens nucleus disintegration as well as improvement of astigmatism by means of matching arcuate incisions. Fig 1: Femtosecond Laser Finding/Results According to Hodge et al. (2012), Cataract surgery is presently the most extensively conducted intraocular procedure all over the globe with roughly 20 million cataract procedures carried out in 2011 alone. Whereas the wellbeing and precision of the process are vital to both surgeon and patient, methodologies should remain within regular evaluation. Cataract surgery technique has advanced to micro-incision surgeries by means of enhanced lens technology from enormous incision extracapsular removal with normal, intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Reddy, Kandulla & Auffarth 2013). Better ease of access to surgery plus an enhanced protection and accurateness outlines in most cases has served to decrease the epoch upon which nearly all patients are going through the procedure. According to Bali et al. (2012), with a lot of patients still energetic in their tasks and relaxation settings this has destined that equivalent patient prospects have as well altered with a mounting emphasis on accurate visual and refractive and safety results. Fig 2: Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery The latest application of femtosecond lasers to cataract surgery symbolizes a potentially noteworthy progress in cataract-based technology. Proof is gradually being distributed, but there si still modest in print facts on the procedure in regards to visual and safety results. For this reason, Alió (2011) attempted to re-examine the existing obtainable literature plus the current experience based on setting up of a femtosecond laser ambulatory centre that carries out numerous surgeries. The laser substitutes microkeratome In FemtoLASIK to generate an accurate corneal flap getting the eye ready for the laser ablation (secondary) so as to alter the refractive slip-up of the patient. Based on cataract surgery the femtosecond laser procedure was foremost applied clinically by Hungary-based Professor called Zoltan Nagy (2008), which afterwards was used by US-based Dr Steven Slade (2010) as well as Asia-based Dr Michael Lawless (2011) (Bali et al. 2012). Use of Femtosecond Laser for Cataract Surgery brings about numerous benefits such as reduced threat of intraoperative impediments, particularly in more sophisticated forms of cataract. What’s more, the femtosecond laser system permits for vastly precise centration and positioning of the contrived intraocular lens, decreasing visual anomalies and refractive-based errors. Furthermore, the laser’s small curved interface for patients stops cornea flattening with the pressure sensors control unnecessary pressure on the eye to avert vision “collapse” for the period of femtosecond laser procedure. According to Alió (2011), making use of the femtosecond laser system decreases phacoemulsification power by forty three percent and brings about 51 percent decrease in effectual phacoemulsification duration; thus, reducing the threat of intraoperative impediments and capsular tear at the time of cataract surgery because of a stronger capsule Fig 2: Bladeless Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery Discussion Femtosecond laser for various purposes in cataract surgery; for instance, Femtosecond laser is used for the incision: whereby instead of performing this incision on the eye cornea by hand using either a diamond blade or special metal, femtosecond laser can be used to this precisely performed the incision (Alió 2011). Besides that, the capsulorexhis, which undoubtedly is one of the most flimsy and decisive steps of cataract surgery that needs the surgeon to carry out an opening or round tear into the cataract front capsule as well as to attempt to make this entirely round and precisely the accurate diameter. According to Bali et al. (2012), this is hard to achieve flawlessly consistently, even for vastly accomplished cataract surgeons. However, investigative studies have revealed that the femtosecond laser may assist to more precisely carry out this step than doing it manually. Based on Lens Nucleus Softening, it is perceived that the cataract encompass two main parts that must be taken out by the ultrasonic vibrating needle at some stage in phacoemulsification, the nucleus, as well as the softer material enclosing the nucleus known as the cortex. In this regard, the femtosecond laser has the ability to make softer as well as partly segregate the nucleus to ease the procedure of removal using the ultrasonic probe presently, there are two techniques of adjusting astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery: incisions along the corneal astigmatism axis or implants of toric lens (Hodge et al. 2012). Accurately making such incisions manually is easier said than done since the incision has to be softly curled and of the correct deepness and position on the cornea. For this reason, the femtosecond laser encompass a system for imagining which can calculate the correct depth and position of these incisions for astigmatic arcuate and afterward the femtosecond laser puts them with the accurate quantity of location, depth, and curvature on the cornea. Since the femtosecond lasers can nowadays ensure the constancy, accuracy, shape, breadth, and extents of the corneal incisions, Reddy, Kandulla and Auffarth (2013) believe that this step has significantly got better. In essence, the capsulorhexis, which is a vital step for the purported premium intraocular lenses, needs a most favourable size, centration, and shape for its functionality to contain an affirmative impact on the stability of the lens, and thus, contribute to the achievement of the multifocal, accommodative and toric lenses as well as to a decrease in the threat of premature afterward capsular opacity development. According to Bali et al. (2012), the capsulorhexis remains to be the step that relies mostly on the skill and know-how of the cataract surgeon, plus is the step wherein the smallest number of technical progresses has been included into recently, relying completely on the surgeon skills. Lastly, the free radicals, cavitations and shock waves delivered by phacoemulsification tip can damage the endothelium of the corneal (Reddy, Kandulla & Auffarth 2013). All said and done, technology that can flawlessly regulate the functionality of the capsulorhexis as well as the incisions and reduce phacoemulsificator application in the eye must bring about an improved surgical result and superior cataract surgery control. In biomedical engineering we have scores of reasons to be stirred with reference to this novel technology (femtosecond laser for cataract surgery) that can be utilized to generate any incision pattern preferred reproducibly and accurately and for that reason promises to hoist refractive surgery to an innovative echelon. Conclusion In conclusion, available proof by now recommends that triumphant achievement of a case in cataract surgery using femtosecond lasers does create a better wound, that is more spherical and a capsulotomy that is more consistently sized and almost certainly helps in the diminution of the standard phacoemulsification power as well as time as compared to surgery carried out manually. Basically, the integration of these attributes must transform to a secure, more precise result for patients. Besides, the technology (femtosecond laser) itself is incessantly developing and being more enhanced; thus, in the future the technology will decrease the likelihood of intraoperative difficulties for surgeons performing a surgical procedure with femtosecond lasers assistance. Arguably, the utilization of femtosecond lasers with cataract surgery is an exhilarating improvement for both surgeons and patients in a similar way. References Read More