Why Many Gays Work in the Fashion Industry - Coursework Example

It is a well-known fact that there are many people of homosexual orientation in the sphere of arts. Fashion is art and there are new fashionable tendencies of homosexual character. Experts believe that the world looks at men's fashion leanness. Fashion industry has recently introduced a new ideal of masculine beauty - it is kind of gaunt young man with long limbs and bones. Hagen, pallor and femininity - this is a new standard of male beauty. Cubes, biceps and seem to have finally a thing of the past: an inflated body is now irrelevant. Experts suppose that men's fashion for leanness and male femininity arose largely because the fashion industry has penetrated into the influence of homosexuality, in connection with the changed standard of male beauty. Men are now designed to appeal not only to women, but the strong sex with different sexual orientation. The most high-profile fashion brands - Dior, Prada, Dolce & Gabanna - placed a lot of effeminate men on their advertising posters, but such dominance on the podium of the planet haggard and scrawny representatives of strong sex in the history of the world of fashion was not yet. Speaking about homosexuals and their connection with fashion we should not forget about metro-sexuals. Very often they are the third stage of fashion. Fashion is a process that has several phases. In principle, these are the same phase, which are typical for any other product and describe its life cycle. The first phase is the production of fashion. It includes several stages. (1) ideal (spiritual) production - the development of new models, which initially could only exist in the form of paintings, drawings and descriptions. This function is performed designers, designers, architects, composers, poets, etc. (2) Materialization models. This function is carried out either by individuals or organizations: models of houses, shops. Very often the models of high fashion stop at this stage. (Wilson 1985:56) The second phase is the proliferation of fashion items and standards of conduct. This process involves bringing the fashion models to the widest possible audience. This process also includes a number of stages. (1) Distribution of the image of the object of fashion and the standard of consumption. This is done through direct and indirect advertising. (2) Dissemination of material objects of fashion, which appear in the form of goods in shops, in the form of services that are available in most areas. The proposal creates a demand.(Edwards, 1999, p80) The third phase - the consumption of fashionable goods. At this stage, people who buy fashion objects using them to demonstrate their belonging to a modern process. A generation of young people, who have grown up, talking and spending time in shopping malls, heavily influenced the model of American shopping. Becoming older, they stay single longer than the previous generation, often delaying marriage until 30-35 years of age or divorce at that time. They can be homosexual also. Today in America, 26% of people living alone, about half of them are men. A lonely man is making the purchase, but even when he married, he still likes to shop and follow the fashion trends, care and do everything else that allows him ranked in the category of so-called metro-sexual. The word «metro-sexual» is a strange offspring of media and market makers and it is used to describe change noticed by the designers and consultants. (Edwards, 1999, p84) The term «metro-sexual» was introduced by the writer Mark Simpson in 1994, speaking about the growing pressure that consumerism has on the male psyche. In the opinion of the writer, since men are not active buyers, manufacturers have thought the term «metro-sexual», to make shopping more and more popular among men. After 10 years metro-sexuals determine the style and set the fashion trends for men's purchase of a broader audience. Retailers define fashion trends, based on this vanguard group of the strong sex, and then trends apply to the average American and affect the broad patterns of male-shopping customers. Metro-sexuals is a powerful tool, which raises the annual sale for men: in the field of plastic surgery - 31%, in the home interior decoration - 16%, including products for skin care - 9%. By New York-based Research Company WSL Strategic Retail, compared with 2002 levels of male shopping in 2003 rose by 21%. According to WSL President Wendy Libmann, shopping more like men of today's purchasing pattern of their wives and girlfriends, not their fathers. Managing Director of Envirosell (New York), Paco Anderhill agrees that young people now are beginning to follow the fashion trends closely than previous generations. There is a merger of consumer experiences of men and women; as a result, the buying climate becomes a «unisex». We see a generation of men who were brought up in the atmosphere of shopping centers. For generation Y, and a large part of generation X mall was the first place of contact with the outside world. They feel confident in this environment. It is worth mentioning the company Gap, which offer products equally to both men and women, and company Limited, recently opened a «bisexual» shop, but around the same time, Banana Republic has divided men's and women's divisions, saying his act so that both strategies work equally well. Company retail design Chute Gerdeman (Ohio) is well aware that a new type of buyer-metro-sexual, and is already working with manufacturers who care about the new consumer. The term metro-sexual is rather restrictive and does not describe the state of today's men and their outlook. (Edwards, 1999, p95) If shopping is not the domain of women, since they were joined by men in the design shop offers great opportunities to attract male customers. Today's young people relate to the shops do not like their fathers and grandfathers. Their influence is felt in every segment of retail business, from products for the care of the body to the furniture. If the recent past, some studies did not include the retail of men in the category of research, the consultants now offer vying records with data on metro-sexual, and enjoy a new kind of male customers. He is looking for stores where they will take care of him, where he will be able to plainly spend money. So, who is metro-sexual? Male heterosexuals, who feeling comfortable while in the society of friends who are homosexual. He gives a lot of time taking care of themselves, are aware of trends and draws attention to the fact that others are. He enjoys the process of shopping and does not limit themselves targeted acquisitions. It is softer treats men and women, more talkative than an average man. He does not pay attention to many of the usual boundaries of perception of the sexes. It is vanity, but rather as a woman. He listens to himself, to his inner world, and as a result has a strong intuition. His men's essence remains inside, it was not influenced by external influences. It is surrounded by female friends. It is extremely sociable and interacts easily with people. Many homosexuals say that they were born such, and aware of their attraction to men at an early age, not yet knowing that homosexuality is immoral to public view. Famous fashion designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana said that they are ready to become parents and have children, and even non-traditional orientation would not be able to prevent them to resolve the issue. They dream about a heap of children who will call them fathers. However, to solve the problem of the future fatherhood stylists will be difficult because of the opposite views. Domenico Dolce would like to have more than one child and he wants to adopt them by his own. Unfortunately, in Italy, his idea is not feasible. In turn, Stefano Gabbana is convinced that the child should grow up with his mother and father. Therefore, he has already started the search for women, which could create family, to carry out in vitro conception. Domenico Dolce is a complete contrast to Gabbana. He grew up in the studio of his father, in Palermo and was able to repair a jacket sleeve, when he was only 7 years old. Dolce is a typical "perfectionist", perfecting the model, while Gabbana (in his words, could not delay his opinion on anything over 10 minutes). However, they perfectly complement each other. “Women designers can not create the clothes as men do”- explains Gabbana – “Because, creating a collection, we are beginning to dream, but not with the fact that I could wear. A woman creating things for women will still try to create them for themselves. This is genetically rooted, it is an instinct, I think that gays have more imagination and feel woman better.” There is no exact answer to the question what is the cause of homosexuality. Most researchers tend to think that there are several of them: hormonal disorders, damage of parts of the brain, resulting in a change of heterosexual orientation, early homosexual seduction, and endocrine system disorders, psycho emotional injury deferred man in his childhood. The most “fresh” hypothesis is hereditary homosexuality. There may be different causes and different combinations, so there are different kinds of homosexuality. In 1952, Kallman published the evidence that, in his view, the genetic nature of homosexuality. He studied monogerminal and fraternal twins, one of which had been homosexuals. The essence of reasoning of Kallman was the following: since the twins, both before and after birth are absolutely identical conditions, the role of genetic factors in homosexuality manifests itself when both twins are monogerminal twins are homosexuals that occurs much more frequently than when one is homo - and the other - heterosexual. Among fraternal twins frequency must be lower, because they have different genes. According to Kallman, monogerminal twins are identical on the basis of male homosexuality in 100% of the cases, but for fraternal twins the figure is significantly lower at 12%. It is possible that the formation of a non-standard sexual orientation of brothers could affect the same upbringing, but there are cases when the brothers were brought up separately from each other and still were homosexuals. Of course, here it is possible to speak about a special gene. (Brookey, 2002, p75) Many homosexuals say that they were born such, and aware of their attraction to men at an early age, not yet knowing that homosexuality is immoral to public view. In 1993 a group of American researchers, led by Professor Dean Hammer, informed the world that homosexuality is state, which genetically predetermined. Immediately after the publication of the group of Hammer in two scientific journals media was erupted with avalanche of notes, articles, stories, and lively debate. According to Hammer, among relatives of 76 homosexual men who became the subject of his study, the proportion of homosexual men was significantly higher than the rest of the population, and they are more frequent among the relatives on the maternal side: uncles and cousins from the mother - 7,5%, the brothers mother - 10,3%, the sons of sisters of Mother - 12,9%, while the father's share of homosexuals did not differ from the average in the population (1,5-3,9%). Involuntarily, there can be the conclusion that the tendency to homosexuality is liable to be inherited from mother to son, hence the corresponding genes to look for chromosome X. The scientist examined the DNA in the X-chromosomes of 40 pairs of gay brothers but not twins. In 33 pairs at the end of a long rod of chromosome at the site, called Xq28 (ibid. where the genes blindness, haemophilia and short-sightedness), it was something special - the same in all 33 pairs of series of five gene variants that differ from normal. As in the rest of the brothers differed (eye color, facial features, etc.), then some of the genes (perhaps a few genes) of these combinations are responsible for a homosexual orientation. The probability that the gene of homosexuality exists is 99%. There is no doubt that if Hammer was able to find the gay gene, the resistance between sexual minorities and the majority would adopt a more stringent form. But, as they are, the results of Hammer caused another lively debate on the issue of homosexuality. (Brookey, 2002, p76) Some people argued that homosexuality gene discovery could lead to major changes in the mass consciousness of gay. It, first, increased their aggressiveness in defending their own legal positions, and secondly, reducing the percentage of oscillating among them and thinking of correcting libido. However, the existence of genes or a predisposition to homosexuality it still does not explain the mechanism of formation of this orientation. From genes to behavior there is a long chain of signals and reactions in the body, and each of its possible link failure. One of these elements is the action of hormones, others is education, etc. If the science is now leaning towards the fact that homosexuality has a genetic nature, the doctors, psychologists, sexologists and other professionals in this area should stop looking at homosexuality as a normal illness. Since non-standard sexual orientation is a genetic feature, you have to try to help homosexuals to accept themselves as they are, and adapt to their aggressive anti-social. Scientists from Sweden Institute discovered that the brains of homosexuals in some of its characteristics are similar to the of women's brains of traditional orientation. Heterosexual men and homosexual women had right asymmetry of the brain (right hemisphere was more than the left), while the hemisphere of the brain of homosexual men and heterosexual women were symmetrical. In addition, the scientists found out that similar asymmetry is observed in one part of the brain - almond body – double body, which is located in the right and left hemisphere and is responsible for emotions. So, homosexual men and heterosexual women have more neural connections in the left tonsil, and the lesbians and male heterosexuals - in the right. There is still an open question whether this asymmetry is connected with features of intrauterine development or later life. These observations suggest the need for more extensive studies of neurobiology of homosexuality. (Brookey, 2002, p83)That is the reasons why there are so many people of homosexual orientation are working in the world of fashion. They can lust feel themselves both, they understand both – men and women. References Aldrich Robert (2006). Gay Life & Culture: A World History, Universe Boswell John (2005). Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century, University Of Chicago Press Brookey Robert Alan (2002). Reinventing the Male Homosexual: The Rhetoric and Power of the Gay Gene, Indiana University Press Burg B (2001). Gay Warriors: A Documentary History from the Ancient World to the Present, NYU Press Crompton Louis (2006). Homosexuality and Civilization, Belknap Press. Dean Tim, Lane Christopher (2001). Homosexuality and Psychoanalysis, University Of Chicago Press; 1 edition Mondimore Francis Mark (1996). A Natural History of Homosexuality, The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1 edition Wilson E. 1985. Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity. London : Vigaro Press. Edwards Tim (1999) . Men in the Mirror: Men's Fashion, Masculinity and Consumer Society (Sexual politics), Cassell Read More