In 2015, why are women still earning less than men in Canada - Annotated Bibliography Example

Annotated Bibliography College: Baker, M., & Drolet, M. . A new view of the male/female pay gap. Canadian Public Policy,36 (4), 429-464.In the article under consideration, its authors study the possible causes of the wage gap for males and females. Baker and Drolet has found that there are two components on the pay gap, the unexplained and explained ones. For the authors of the article, the second component, that is one of the possible causes of the gender wage gap is that women are overrepresented in occupations which are at the lower end of the pay scale.

Among such occupations are teaching, sales and service, nursing and health care. Baker and Drolet argue that it is gender differences regarding the choice of profession and industry to work in are important to the explained component of the pay gap. In other words, the author of the article suggest that to some degree womens professional choices predetermine the existence of the pay gap between men and women. Fortin, N. M. (2005). Gender role attitudes and the labour-market outcomes of women across OECD counties.

 Oxford Review of Economic Policy,21 (3), 416-438.In her article on the relationship between gender role attitudes and the pay gap between men and women, Nicole Fortin argues that the differences in wages results from discrimination against women. More specifically, the author has found that in OECD countries, it is believed that men should have more right to jobs compared to women and that the main gender role of a woman is a housewife. In addition to this, Fortin states that inner conflicts can explain the existence of the pay gap as well.

In particular, she mentioned the so-called “mothers guilt”. Finally, based on the data from the World Value Survey, Fortin claims that the pay gap may be explained by the fact that women place a greater value on non-pecuniary aspects of job, which means that women may prefer jobs that offer better working environment rather than jobs that pay more.Cool, J. Social Affairs Division, (2010). Wage gap between men and women. Retrieved from Library of Parliament website: http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/2010-30-e.

htmIn her article, Julie Cool studies the issue of the pay gap between men and women from different points of view and suggests the possible causes of this problem. Before the analysis of causes, the author states this trend is a historical one because in Canada occupational segregation has been a normal practice for a significant period of time. As for the possible causes, Cool defines the three of them. The first one is the group of human capital factors, such as education and job experience.

As the author claims, today, these factors do not account for the substantial portion of the existing pay gap. The second group of causes is demographic characteristics, such as marital status and the presence of children. The last of them is job characteristics, which include types of work, industries etc. In this regard, the author argues that it is the segregation into male and female jobs which leads to the fact that women occupy low-paying positions.  ReferencesBaker, M., & Drolet, M. (2010).

A new view of the male/female pay gap. Canadian Public Policy,36 (4), 429-464.Cool, J. Social Affairs Division, (2010). Wage gap between men and women. Retrieved from Library of Parliament website: http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/2010-30-e.htmFortin, N. M. (2005). Gender role attitudes and the labour-market outcomes of women across OECD counties. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,21 (3), 416-438.