Finance & Accounting Essays

es to increase share prices compromising long-run stability of the company finances that ultimately results in the decrease of intrinsic value of shares. Contextually, it is suggested that managers should be remunerated on the basis of present prices of shares that would

It would be important to first note that the company produces and markets wine and wine related products. The consolidated financial statements of the company have been prepared under the historical cost

Snacks can be scrapped off, saving $3000. Some equipment that was used in the previous season can also be re-used to reduce the amount that is used to buy new ones. This allocation can be reduced by $6,000. Another $6,000 can be saved by buying one less set of uniform. Thus the total reduction will be $15,000, balancing the funds and the expenses.    

rtfolio construction, the individual risk and return features of the fundamental investments should be considered alongside one’s unique requirements, goals as well as risk considerations. Consequently, this paper seeks to dissect the portfolio construction process, offering

The author states that examples of money laundering may be seen in the activities of individuals like Sani Abacha and Raul Salinas. Sani Abacha was the late dictator of Nigeria, who was able to divert $1.6 billion of the Nigerian taxpayers’ money that was looted from them into large banks in the U.K. and Switzerland.

The author states that EVA is a measure of managerial performance. Today, it is being used by more and more firms to tie executive compensation (for their performance) with the wealth maximization of stockholders. This method is used to measure a firm’s true profitability. There are two main types of financing for a business, debt and equity financing.

Three major depressions that have occurred in America can be traced to the years 1837, 1893 and 1929 (Calomiris 2010). The downturns of 1857, 1873, and 1907 also find mention in the history books. The Panic of 1819,

As the name suggests the accrual basis of accounting differs from the cash basis of accounting. “Accrual basis accounting means that transactions that change a company’s financial statements are recorded in the periods

Households need to prepare budgets in order to have their expenses controlled and ensure that they avoid unnecessary financial crises. The budgets of households are simple compared to those of companies and governments which are more detailed and complex. The major expenditure for any household is on food, rent, traveling, and education.

I acknowledge that the theoretical framework offered at Judge Business School is the most appropriate and effective academic foundation that would maximize one’s potentials for professional growth. The following course modules are intended to be pursued to enhance one’s knowledge in this field of endeavor.

In the day-to-day operation of businesses, the use of a network of interrelated activities to make the provision of products and services possible is nothing but a necessity. It is for the existence of these networks of businesses that bring about what has come to be known as supply chain management.

The next step would be to determine the target boundary, which involves the activities and sources of carbon emissions. It would be better for the CEO of Contex Limited to plan how to decrease the emissions in the operations of the company. It is important for the company to determine the main activities that cause the emission of GHGs.

The Glengarry Glen Ross (1992) is a movie based on the work of David Mamet’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play of 1984 that touches on the adventures of business in a modern setting although it was produced in the early 90s. It depicts a story of real estate salesmen working to broker deals and woo investors to invest in property.

The three significant accounting policies explained in the annual report are: 1. The company’s financial statement are prepared using consolidating variable interest

The company provides services for lighting, wiring, power transmission, aerospace fuel, hydraulics, power quality, and truck and automotive drivetrain. Eaton has subsidiaries like Cooper Limited which are included in its consolidated financial statements. The company headquarters are in Dublin. The company operates worldwide in over 60 countries.

Therefore, if the estimates are incorrect and far from the actual performance, managers can be forced to make wrong decisions for their units, which would hurt their units and the business as a whole and especially, where top management imposes the budgets on the departmental managers without consultation.

Most accounting standard setters pursued financial accounting operations without any specific framework resulting in disorganized and substandard quality of accounting. This increased the risk of the development of mutually inconsistent standards that violated the main objective behind the preparation of financial statements.

The “highest value” was subtracted from the “lowest value. After that, the histogram was made by using the “data analysis” technique. The distribution is not normal as the values are spread out more on the right  (Patel & Read, 1996) Regression Analysis For the regression analysis, the following variables are considered. Dependent variable: Profit Independent variables: Clothing Sales Non-Clothing Sales Store Size

Additionally, the paper will give a recommendation on the outcome (Sagner, 2014). On the second part of the study, the company is assumed to have a deferral of 40 days, 62 days at its conversion period and a collection period of 29 days. The paper will calculate

When valuing the stocks, it is important to separate the costs that vary with the production rate and remain unchanged. Rather, it combines the costs as product costs. Thus, the managers make incorrect decisions regarding their stock. To curb the shortcomings of this technique, the marginal costing method is used instead.

P/E ratio illustrates the most appropriate stocks as fewer than 20. The stocks should not exceed 40. The ratio illustrates how long a stock will pay the investment if there is no

it is considered unlawful for any executive or higher level manager of an organization to use coercive actions in order to threaten the auditor and influence their audit reports (Sec.gov, 2003). The higher level managers may indulge in influencing the auditor in order to provide

The theory of optimal policy is responsible for dealing with various fundamental issues related to tax policy in an effective way. The optimal tax system depends not only on the price elasticity of the demand but also depends on the income elasticity which determines the change in the budget with the rise in the income.

According to the financial reporting theory, the financial reports of companies should be prepared in such a way that the external users and the stockholders may be able to obtain the information they need in financial and economic decision-making. According to the corporate governance code, institutions and organizations are liable for any misleading information they publish in their reports.

The requirement for monthly interest payments is also very low. The lease agreement is transferrable as well which means if the lessee fails to pay the interest due to a certain financial crunch and he can find out some other investor interested in the equipment, they can shift the liability of the interest payment to that particular investor.

It is quite important to say that the analysis in this report shows a strong and improving financial performance for the company in the aftermath of the global economic crisis. However, the company still keeps a competitive position even if there are certain challenges in the internal and external environment.

It is important to choose a suitable for me loan with low-interest rates. In order to keep a student loan under control, it is important too, first of all, plan efficiently. Both income and spending should be calculated and analyzed in order to understand how much and what type of debt I can afford.

Hence, it is beneficial for analyzing the current as well as future trends and patterns of any investment. There are varied ways to calculate moving average for any particular investment namely simple moving average,

Various investments scenarios are available at the securities level. Some information is extremely essential for an investor to know. This information may sometimes not be available in other texts.

The author states that the sole proprietors can source their capital from family, friends or banks among others. When money is borrowed from the bank, the cost of borrowing is referred to as interest. In addition, the proprietors incur other expenses such as personal income tax, which is imposed on the profits generated.

Some of the sources of finance available to the businesses are finance raised through share capital (ordinary and preference shares), retained profits, debentures, commercial mortgage, bank finance

In the cost-benefit analysis the paper address issues concerning improvement of country infrastructures like country highway and funding bus services. Other issues addressed in the paper include tax, debt and borrowing, investment, money printing process, fee and penalties, donors and finally conclusion highlighting the best techniques to arrive in best projects.

They are the availability of product substitutes, the slowdown in consumption, overestimation while preparing a budget, etc. Generally, there are five different types of inventory namely, buffer inventory, cycle inventory, de-coupling, anticipation, and pipeline. Buffer – its purpose is to support unexpected rises in demand and hence known as safety stock.

The outline looks at this theory and how it does apply to the market. ii. It assumes a comparatively small number of long-term investors. This is to offer premiums to encourage the number of long-term investors ( Gibson, Rajna,

The IMF aims to correct the economies of its members by lending money to those with payment imbalances, thorough monitoring of member economies and affording them appropriate policies. It was in 1982 during the Latin American Third World debt crisis

It is very necessary to consider how each and every asset changes in price relative to how every other asset in the portfolio changes in price. The process of investment is basically a tradeoff between expected return and risk. Generally, it is thought that assets with much higher expected returns are riskier.

The estimation of the weight of capital is conducted using various forms of capital namely debt, preferred stocks and common stock. In order to realize this objective, the values relating to debt, preferred stock and common stock are obtained and summed together to gain the total value of the enterprise. Each form of capital is a fraction of the entire summation of the three forms of capital. 

This essay is divided into two parts. Part one regards the use of ARCH and GARCH models and their applications in finance studies. Part two on the other hand concerns the estimation of models of determinants of banks’ profitability by using pooled OLS (POLS) and panel data analysis. ARCH and GARCH Models are important in the estimation of time-varying volatility.

It has a 7.5 billion registered capital. It was launched in the year 2006. The bank has three divisions. One of the sections is the retail banking section. It offers services like, offering credit cards, offering services like saving accounts

ns move with the economy because during recession the returns are negative and as the economy improves to average the returns result to positive returns which the increase during boom. Repo Men returns move against the economy; this is because in recession the returns show

According to the author, strategic decisions depend on outside data to be the rationale and sustain profitability of the organization. Critical to his argument is the aspect of costs. He maintains that transactional accounting tries to relate operations to the expected

The company has strong liquidity ratios that show its potential to meet its current obligations when they fall due. The profitability ratios also show how the company is making profits and not losses. The leverage ratios show the company’s potential to pay its debts and still make profits out of them. I, therefore, recommend strongly that investors can put their money in the company’s stocks.

Most performance budgets places emphasis on employees’ commitment to provide quality results to the satisfaction of the public. Performance based budgeting has great characteristics that has made it quite suitable in public sector budgeting for local governments.

at include: credit and investment regulation, foreign exchange regulations, tax and quantitative policies, and trade restrictions (Knight & Satchell, 2007).  Distinctions should hence be made for the reasons why some countries such as Venezuela adopted such capital controls as

The objective of IFRS is to give a global structure to how public organizations organize and unveil their financial statements. IFRS gives general direction to the preparation of financial statements, as opposed to set regulations for industry-particular reporting. Having a universal standard is particularly important for vast organizations that have subsidiaries in various nations.

include patents, copyrights, goodwill, reputation, and intellectual property while unlimited intangible assets include trademarks and business methodologies (Abdallah, 2004). Despite their nature, the assets are of significance to companies as they influence or contribute to

This paper has been prepared to highlight the risk-return positioning of portfolios with and without considering the real estate investment directly or indirectly. Additionally, in general, the investor is risk-averse and they like to select the investment proposal that provides a maximum return in relation to the minimal amount of risk to them.

The statistical analysis is widely used in market research of many companies. Companies use the regression analysis to forecast sales hence the same is also used in budgeting require of not a few corporations especially the big one which even has research departments. Ыtraightforward methods of quantitative analysis can often be used effectively. 

To some extent experiences from the past give the accountants a clue on what to do. The theories also offer a favour to managers and accounting policymakers. They give them an opportunity to alter accounting procedures for their benefit. If this is the case, then there is no need for accounting theory and methodology, it is a waste of time. Thus, the accounting theory and methodology serve their interests and not the public interest.

This results into the lower surpluses of slightly above $ 1.5 million. As compared to the first four months, the variation is quite wide. 3. The increase in number of vehicles failing inspection is quite positive for the budget as it would lead to