Finance & Accounting Essays

The US has of late been relying on the contractors that operate privately to provide the military operations with support. The withdrawal of troops in countries such as Iraq reduced the operations of the US troops significantly. It is anticipated that this will consequently lead to a decline in the use of private security contracts and the military in the future.

A company can decide to purchase a rival company’s products for review. The information that will be acquired may utilize in developing a product whose quality is similar or even better compared to that of the competitors (Mard, 2004). Benchmarking can aid in increasing a company’s sales and profits.

In order to obtain the economic profits,the cost of capital must be less than the return on the firm’s capital employed.This paper candidly evaluates the uses of Economic Value Added model in a business as well as its strengths and weaknesses.

The author states that tax benefits through stock options are therefore the second biggest source of generating cash flows from operating activities after the increase in the other liabilities. Account payables also increased showing not only improved performance in terms of working capital but also points towards the availability of a spontaneous source.

Borrowing rates had to be cut the banks to keep the economy afloat. The pound fell against the euro and the dollar. The GDP had been contracting throughout 2008 and the Bank of England had to dramatically relax the monetary policy. The failure of the UK banking system was triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the US.

The article is specifically about the operations of the U.S financial company and American International Group.  It talks about concerted efforts made in order to save the companies through internal restructuring exercise. Insurance holdings are sold but buyers are often confused about AIG’s bad investments of unit sales. 

The financial market is another component of Genesis financial environment. The component enhances the flow of funds among firms, investors,

In other words, domestic economic behavior can be directly linked to international flow of goods, services, and capital. To illustrate, emerging economies like Brazil and India are attractive

A financial market refers to the market for transacting financial assets like equities, bonds, derivatives, and currencies. They facilitate the borrowing and lending of financial assets. Typically, financial markets are defined through transparent pricing, the basic trading regulations, and market forces influencing the trade securities.

There is the frequency distribution of the second stock, which is less volatile and more suitable for risk-averse investors. The standard deviation can be used to estimate the risk of a stock portfolio. In essence, the standard deviation will be used in this model to measure volatility. In this sense, it will be considered that the stock that differs more from the stock’s average return is a more volatile stock.

It also emphasized on the qualification of the audit committee and the time taken to disclose financial information regarding a firm. This in the long run was to provide more information to investors and shareholders and allow them to invest

The author states that five types of budgets are usually prepared for cost/ revenue projection purposes. They include capital budgets, operating budgets, cash flow budgets, financial budgets, and personnel budgets. In order to ensure that an entity spends within the projected expenditure limits, firms carry out budget control measures.

Advanced Financial Management aims at managing organizational funds efficiently so that organizations can control their finances effectively and can achieve their financial goals. Capital Structure, Dividend Policy & Risk Return relationships are the most important aspects of advanced financial management policies that most of the corporate analyze in order to formulate their financial postulates.

In this forecast, I choose to use the American GDP in the year 2015 during a quarterly period because the GDP is a good indicator of understanding the economic growth. In calculating the

Foreign exchange risk is the risk that investments or rather an assets, goods and services dominated in foreign currency will lose the value as a result of unfavorable movements in the exchange rates between the foreign currency and domestic currency affecting the product or service in question.

The expected returns after establishing a subsidiary in a first-world country may take a long time to be achieved. It is wise to note that the time value for money should be considered when estimating the future cash flows of an investment. The longer the time an investment takes to regain its initial cash outlay, the higher the risks involved.

First, one may file the amended return taking into account all the previously non-disclosed income information. Amended returns are filed using Form 1040x. An individual needs to fill a

According to Bucholtz and Carroll (2012), the codes help organizations in establishing good relationships with their clients and customers, thus balancing their pursuit of autonomy and the requirement for accountability. The primary aim of the codes of ethics is to articulate the highest behavioral standards in the organizations.

The availability of land is a geographical factor that helps determine the property prices and the trend of the property markets. Property prices will be a lot higher in urban areas as and when compared to those in the rural areas, due to the fact that the infrastructural requirements in the urban regions are completely fulfilled and also that the property in an urban area will be worth due to the fact that the city will fulfill all the needs.

Vodafone’s profitability is less desirable than France Telecom. Based on the net profit margin for years 2006, 2005, 2004, and 2003, Vodafone had -30%, -37%, -24% and -30% respectively as compared with France Telecom’s 3%, 12%, 6% and 8% for the same years respectively. The same behavior is in terms of operating margin and gross margins.

Career Objective - To obtain an entry-level, part-time position in a reputed accounting firm, providing valuable exposure to accounting practices.Education2003- Present  Bachelor of Commerce in Finance. Economics Major.University of Toronto (Graduation: September 2008).  2002-2003 Ontario Secondary High School Diploma.Breamar International Institute.2001-2002 ESL CourseSeneca College.  

Accountants have always paid close attention to costs since this variable provides a basis that is utilized throughout the entire accounting information system. In a manufacturing firm, labor and materials have always been cost drivers that are easy to trace and measure. On the other hand, shared resources historically was a problematic grey area that caused problems in precisely determining its overall impact on the costs of operation.

Governments and central banks should adopt a more centralized approach to financial management. This can be done by taking such steps as establishing debt management units. These centralized debt management units can oversee the management of the debt of the government and that of the state-owned companies.

The best costing method for the company would be the cost method because as a manufacturing company the inventory is already based on cost. Instead of having the issues that evolve with LIFO, FIFO, and the average cost method of inflationary prices or income being lower or higher than it should be the cost method eliminates those issues.

Institutional investors differ from individual investors in several ways. Generally, the institutions invest huge sums of their funds into each stock. They have huge incentives, and motivation and devote a lot of their resources to monitoring them because a huge amount of their investment is at stake (Grossman & Hart, 1980; Shleifer & Vishny, 1986).

Accounting rate of return is another technique that is used by accountants and management to analyze whether to invest in the project or not. The accounting rate of return shows the average return that the company earns on the average investment it made (Drury, 2008). The average investment as discussed earlier is assumed to be constant at $376.33 million.

There are a number of studies that analyzed the relationship between executive incentives and profitability for the company. The findings of these studies showed a negative relation between pay and performance. These results can also be interpreted in another way e.g. better payment does not determine better results.

A transfer of cash and assets to a company exclusively in trade for stock in the company, the exchange is not taxable if the transferor has full control of the company. In addition, the type of stock exchanged should not be nonqualified preferred stock. This taxation rule applies to an individual and groups who wish to reassign assets to a company.

For any business in order to realize an increase in profits at the end of a given duration, quite a number of factors can be varied. Two parameters were chosen for this business model and that is sales and cost of sales while maintaining all the other factors constant, e.g. those relating to customers. 

Currently, the UK government encourages citizens to save by offering tax reprieve on pension contributions (HMRC.com, 2014). Tax reprieve or relief on saved earnings by households implies that household savings are not taxed at the point of saving. The tax relief one enjoys causes the pension fund or tax bill to reduce the taxable income accumulated. 

The Pharmaceutical and Vascular segments were the most profitable recording a 37% and 28% profit margin respectively. In 2010, the Coca-Cola Company’s most important operating segments were North America and Bottling segments as they

Individual share portfolio review assessment entails the analysis of the performance of a group of shares over a specific period. Share portfolio review can be done quarterly. The share portfolio review enhances the trading of securities. The security exchange council coordinates international security trade affairs.

After accounting for work load increased, the following product lines were over budgeted: DGEST over budget increased to $2381015, NEWBORN over budget increased to 1285906, OB budget increased to

The American automotive industry is the second largest in the world producing over 9.6 million vehicles in 2013. Only the Chinese automotive industry is bigger producing over 10.3 million vehicles in the same year. It contributed up to 4% of the total industrial output of the United States. The US automotive industry is currently valued at $524 million.

The correlation and covariance of stock returns of AMP and QBE helped to determine the amount that the investor can expect by investing in these assets. The changes in value of one asset are compared to another. The correlation between AMP and QBE is less than 1 which signifies that changes in value of one will not affect the other stock. In other words, if the stocks of AMP are low, then its effects will be nullified by increase in stocks of QBE.

The observed tendency and fundamental behind the rise in SWFs brings us to think that this dynamic will not come to an end abruptly. If the opinions on the issue are divided consensus will be reached on the effect that there is an urging need to balance the imperfections and imbalance in the global economy.

The author of the text examines the financial situation of the so-called "Company D". So it is mentioned that the minimal increases in the company’s total operating expenses (9.48%) and the significant increase (94.12%) in the net interest income earned during Year 8 have generated a net increase of 21.19% in Company D’s net earnings.

SAS No. 109 was issued and implemented in the hopes of improving the quality of audit and providing relevant guidance on the risk assessment judgment and procedures of external auditors. However, this standard, along with the seven other standards issued, did not come without their corresponding issues and concerns.

These are principles that must be followed in reporting a corporations’ past transaction results on its income statement, balance sheet, cash flows’ statement, and statements showing changes in the equity of shareholders. On the other hand, managerial accounting focuses on

This situation arises when a firm either has a skewed focus on either achieving short term goals which are not supported by high level long term strategic objective OR when long

An audit is an examination of books of account of a business that will enable the auditor to guarantee that the balance sheet is suitably drawn up to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the business. It also shows whether the profit and loss give the true view for the financial period according to the information and clarification are given to the auditor.

The opposite is the case with McDonald’s, which is the least risky stock. That can be seen from its low beta value equivalent to 0.31. Those who want safe and secured returns will eventually go for investing in McDonald’s. It will have the least volatility among all four stocks with respect to the chosen index of the S&P.

Without cash, the company is at risk of running out of business. Account receivable was selected to record money owed by customers whenever a credit sale is made. As a merchandising company, ABC Corporation has inventory in its store. The advertising supplies account was selected because the business needs to advertise itself to generate revenues.

The company is presently making profits thus offsetting the losses carried forward. The faster way to offset the losses brought forward includes reducing the share premium by transferring such an equivalent amount of profits. Through this option, the company will quickly offset all the losses brought forward and be within the law when declaring dividends to shareholders.

It employs physical resources and components to transform data into information, which can be used by the management and owners of the business. This paper discusses the roles and purposes of

The expected rate of return on the portfolio must be positive. The arithmetic average of the betas for each security held in the portfolio must equal 1.0. The portfolio beta must be 1.0. The summation of the return deviation from the portfolio expected return for each economic state must equal zero. The standard deviation must equal 1.0.

Multinationals like, Starbucks, Google, Vodafone, and Apple, have encountered difficulties in business in the context of evading tax by employing illegal means. This not only infuriated employees of the company but also affected the sentiment of the common mass. The investors who invested in these companies had questioned the authorities about their investments.

Thus, it is identified on the seriousness of the social and environmental issues and the upcoming policies response. Corporations are required to address social and environmental issues in order to be beneficial to the society. However, it possesses numerous social and

The management accounting practice is budgeting and budgetary control that is increasingly being adopted by organizations throughout the world with the underlying aim of managing performance. Budgetary control has of late been used as a more integrative mechanism of control within organizations (Stieglitz and Heine, 2007). 

SWOT analysis helps relate the different strengths, and weaknesses that a company holds internally, opportunities, and threats that the company stands to face externally. The internal aspects rotate around the strengths of the company and their weaknesses that relate to aspects that the company holds internally that threaten its success.