Finance & Accounting Essays

Table of Contents Introduction Definitions of CSR History of CSR in UK Importance of CSR in UK firms CSR activities Product activities Employee activities Supply chain activities Environmental activities Stakeholder activities Communicating CSR CSR and policy in UK Measuring CSR performance Success of CSR Conclusion References Introduction This report explores the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives that firms in UK engage in.

Numerous cases that are committed against stakeholders by firms that are considered to be socially responsible have raised doubts regarding the congruence and coherence between CSR theories and its actuality. In this regard, some have questioned the continued relevance of CSR in the current conduct of business.

Since the time of King William of Orange, central banks around the world have become influential and important for functioning of the economy and countrywide security and welfare. As importance of the government for the welfare of all citizens increased, so did the central bank’s importance (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15).

I would wish to state that the investor has tried to really diversify his assets. His assets, for example, would be invested across many regions for  China, Britain, Brazil and the USA all of whom experience different kinds of economic conditions and would fall in as security for each other in case of certain risks maturing.

Financial Analysis – Nautilus Inc Executive Summary The financial analysis of Nautilus Inc. over a period five years from 2007 to 2011 has been conducted under this article by utilizing suitable ratios and computations. If the financial results of the company are analyzed in a summarized way, it can be concluded that the company has not performed in a sustainable and healthy manner.

Examples of fiscal policies include reduction of taxes, increasing government spending as well improving infrastructure system. Central banks are responsible for enacting monetary policies in order to trigger economic growth and mitigate inflation.

In order to assess the financial impact of the proposed strategy upon FDP’s financial performance and position, financial ratio analysis has been used as a tool for that purpose. On the other hand, non-financial indicators have also been analyzed with the help of Balanced Scorecard technique which is a very effective as well as precise tool to judge the performance of the company.

Managers have a general responsibility of regulation and legitimacy towards financial accounting. Market mechanisms determine the resource disbursements and managers only have to report the statements according to the established accounting standards. However, due to various reasons, managers tend to voluntarily correct market imperfections to their advantage and give a wrong picture to the investors.

According to Nice (2002), Capital expenditures imply outlays of cash that are mostly needed to upgrade a business asset. Capital expenditure can sometimes be referred to as capital spending or capital expense.

Analysis of the case study -The Ruritanian Project Ruritania is a perfect example of a transitional economy. Ruritania is currently an economically developing Eastern European country. The annual growth rate has averaged around 6% per annum over the last five years with annual inflation rate of 5.2% (Case Study).

After the financial crisis that has been experienced by the traditional banking industry, focus of everyone has been shifted towards Islamic banks (Willison, 2009). With the growing success of Islamic banks, number of Islamic countries have been considering to shift their banking sector to Islamic banking sector and the policies and regulations would be governed by Islamic teachings (Johnes, Izzeldin, and Pappas, 2009).

Skill development; The skills that I have acquired in professional accounting skills in decision making module group works include cognitive skills, perceptual skills, motor and perceptual skills (Luden, 2001). 1. Cognitive skills; cognitive skill is the intellectual skills that involve thinking process.

During the 20th and 21st centuries, the economic boom was at its peak. Due to this fact, a substantial number of financial institutions and companies were founded and traded. Therefore, investors, government, businessmen and institutions were to decide and select the best possible combination of companies to invest so that they could increase their wealth by investing in an appropriate portfolio.

This paper represents a study to show how a reputed international firm addresses the importance of strategic implementation regarding acquisition and use of symbolic capital within the discursive environment. A detailed analysis of the strategic activities of UK based oil and gas firm BP has explored through this paper.

However, the financial statements of a company provide the absolute figures (amounts in currency units). These amounts of financial statements can be used for comparison in respect of the past performance of the company. But what if an analyst wants to compare the financial performance and position of a company with other competitor or with the industry?

The first and foremost step of the equity valuation process is obtaining a decent understanding of the entity and industry to which that particular entity belongs. It is imperative to analyze the financial reports of the corporation because based on these figures and facts the forecast of the future is prepared which eventually assists in determining the value of the equity.

In fact, Lala’s use of Flash software for wrapping streams which Apple had been averse to use could prove detrimental to its overall strategy (Stone 2009). Apple also exposed itself to the 35% to 45% risk of acquirers not realising any gains for two to three years after the acquisition as documented in a research study by Cartwright and Schoenberg.

The continent is a self governing country that is a part of the commonwealth federation. It is currently bounded by the Timor sea, Arafura sea, Torres strait, Coral sea, Tasman sea, Bass strait along with the Indian ocean (Verdier, p.11). It is the smallest continent found on the globe and the sixth largest country in the world.

Experts in the banking industry blame failure of regulation as one of the main causes of the 2008 global financial crisis. So there is no surprise that post-crisis world wants to see more regulations. Regulation will bring in benefits by way of financial stability, but it also imposes costs. The crisis was developed in the advanced economies.

Fundamentally, the prediction as to whether or not a particular acquisition would be beneficial depends on a number of factors. Among other things, it should be possible to evaluate the commercial logic of the intended acquisition (Patra, Khatik, & Kolhe, 2003).

The performance of the company in other areas has remained better than the industry and the company seems to be quite safe due to less amount of debt included in its capital structure which can actually prevent it from the likelihood of bankruptcy. Introduction Those companies which suffer some losses and struggle in making their business operations more profitable provide a long term basis for investment especially to those investors who are risk takers.

The joining of the GE and the Honeywell corporate would affect the product markets that deal with aerospace and power system industries. One of the activities involved is bundling which according to the commission, can be advantageous to the merged business because of eliminating the competitors.

The first Starbucks store opened in 1971 in the Pike Place Market in Seattle by three teachers: Jerry Baldiw, Gordon Bowker and Zey Siegel (Perera, Kerr, Kimura, & Lima, 2009).

Credit risk management contains some key principles that are: a clear structure should be established, accountability and responsibility should be allocated, prioritize the processes, clear communication of assigned responsibilities and answerability assigned thereto.Credit risk management has an overwhelming concern on a bank.

Depository institutions are subject to a reserve requirement ratio. Some authors contend that depository institutions are one of those institutions that are the most heavily watched and regulated in a different part of the world. And with the passage of time, these financial institutions have not only increased vertically but also horizontally.

Company analysis is a vital step in the process of determining the performance of the company in order to make an investment decision on whether to invest in the company or not. There are various methods that can be used to carry out a company analysis for investment decision making purposes.

There was no conclusive evidence that it would have been. 1.0 Introduction Mergers and acquisitions are considered to be two of the options that are available to companies and that will allow them to grow. Organic growth is another method; however, this method is not as aggressive as mergers and acquisitions.

Analysis is based on the following principles, By analyzing the log returns, the key data that stood out was that the max value was generated by FTSE MID 250 (0.580766) and the minimum return generated was by MILAN COMIT GENERAL (-0.006832. The lowest mean value was generated by BRUSSELS ALL SHARE (-.00319).

Zero net present value indicates that the return is equal to rate of return; therefore the project may be acceptable. However, when the net present value is negative, it indicates that return of the project is less than the required rate of return. Annual Cash flow 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sales ?

Harmonisation can be explained as the process of enhancing the comparability of financial reports furnished by business entities by setting up limits as to how much it can differ. Globalisation has affected business entities all around the world. A company might be operating in different parts of the world.

The Government of Australia has proposed a new resource rent tax known as Mineral Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) that will be effective from the beginning of July in 2012. It replaces the earlier proposed Resource Super Profits Tax or RSPT. Australia is quite rich in its natural resources in the form of minerals, oil, natural gas, etc.

Executive Summary: Crocargo Logistics is a logistic services firm. Amongst its services are import, export, transit and discrepancies of parcels and packet from an air carrier to Auto shop or vice versa. The company although is getting enough contract to remain in the market, is still running operations a loss.

The first two sections of the paper focuses on analyzing the financial soundness of Barney Bakes plc as well discuss some the management practices that should be adopted to enhance the profitability of the organization. This includes beyond budgeting and corporate governance.

Executive Summary The assignment mainly highlights the various characteristic features of Valero Energy Corporation. Moreover, it also focuses on the global business strategy attempted by Valero Energy Corporation to expand its operations in foreign markets.

ognition 11 Expense Recognition 11 IFRS and AAOIFI Standards 11 Conclusion 12 References 14 Bibliography 16 Introduction The contract of leasing in Islamic accounting is termed as Ijarah contract. Its accounting procedures are very much similar to lease accounting procedures.

Similarities and Differences between Ijarah Contract and Leasing 4. AAOIFI Standards and IFRS Recommended Accounting Treatment of the Ijarah/Leasing Contracts 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction: A sound banking method forms the base for every winning financial system.

Islamic finance has become a centre of attention in the global financial market with its practice mainly focused on being ethical which is based on the teachings of Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) and the Holy Scripture of the Muslims with the principle consistent with Shariah (Islamic law), The Holy Qur’an.

Given their critical role in the society, banks are some of the most regulated firms everywhere and US banks are on exception. In US there are numerous regulations which create various restrictions and requirements in the banking industry. However, understanding the banking regulations in the country is a complex issue given the separate yet overlapping jurisdictions of the 50 states and federal government (Shanmuganathan, Merlin and Bryan 390).

It is the need for expanding growth and increasing the market share that Dell and HP were determined to acquire 3PAR through a bidding process. 3PAR Inc. which provides storage utilities through its platforms and architectures and cloud computing, was a desirable acquisition by the two information technology giants and business rivals.

In other words, principle-based standards mean moving away from reliance on detailed, prescriptive rules and relying more on high-level, broadly stated rules or Principles to set the standards by which regulated firms must conduct business (Black et al, 2007).

It started its operation in 1849 as the Australian Mutual Provident Society. It was a non-profit organization which worked as a life insurance provider. The major twist came when AMP demutualized in 1998 and got listed in Australia and New Zealand stock exchanges.

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops and issues the International Accounting Standards (IAS), which are also known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was replaced by the IASB in 2000 (IAS Plus, n.d.).

As the role of the auditor comes increasingly below the highlight pursuing up to date global financial instability, it is believed that it is essential that the accountancy occupation re evaluate the role of audit and guarantee and approach up with positive, realistic approach which both can help in developing and maintain profitable business.

Due to poor supervision and control of financial risks, billions of dollars were lost. The origin of the VaR can be termed as the initiatives of Dennis Weatherstone, Chairman of the JP Morgan, who made his department to submit a simple report on the company’s financial vulnerability to risks on a daily basis.

Financial Risk Management 1. Introduction: Many financial and non-financial organizations currently report the significance of value-at-risk (VaR), a risk that calculates for possible losses. Domestic uses of VaR and other complicated risk measures are on the increase in many financial institutions, where, for instance, a banks risk group can set VaR limits, both probabilities and amounts, for fund management and trading operations.

SME access to formal finance is an attractive possibility; and they have become competitive in domestic and international markets, and are more likely to grow further in future. The Small-Scale sectors add adequately to other aspects of socio-economic activities like reduction in inequalities of income, product diversification, isolated expansion of small scale industries, and relation with the other sectors of economy.

This is a long-term investment where I will be able to benefit from insurance company’s profits and it is the company’s responsibility to also manage my policy. Here, the policy value has to increase overtime, as my money is invested and bonuses are awarded by the company.

Stock market efficiency. Efficiency in market means that there is absence of any systematic way to beat the market. The efficient market hypothesis states that the information about the value of the firm is fully reflected in the current stock prices. It also states that the firm will not be able to earn to excess profits i.e.

In this given paper we will mainly concentrate on the areas such as performance indication, product and service costing and budgeting of various kinds along with its disadvantages and process to overcome the same. Through performance indication of the organisation we will be judging the internal as well as external achievement of the institution at present and suggest the necessary tools that would help the organisation in overcoming the hurdles thus faced.

This issue is also highlighted in the statement of Broughton (2010), which is analyzed in this paper. Three are the key issues highlighted in the specific statement: a) the term value is quite common but in the context of the business environment its importance is much higher compared to the daily life, b) as an element of the business environment, the term value can be given different interpretations, reflecting different aspects of each organization and c) when trying to define the context of value, as related to business processes, it would be preferable to focus on specific issues; a simple definition of value would be also applicable in businesses with different characteristics.