Finance & Accounting Essays

In finance and accounting, budgeting is a formal plan expressed in monetary terms and is prepared in a current financial year to provide managers and other stakeholders with an estimate of the anticipated costs and revenues for the next financial year (Chandra, Menon, and Mishra, 2007, p. 264). Traditionally, budgets served a number of useful purposes.

First, the model is essential due to its simplicity in performing calculations. Once the variables of the model are known, calculating the share of stock is forthright. Second, it is

It addresses core issues during the entrepreneurial life cycle; market opportunity, competitive position, composition, and sources of financing. The entrepreneurial life cycle consists of five major phases; startup, startup breakout stage, emerging growth, lower middle market, and the middle market which doubles up as the exit phase.

The devaluation of the Vietnamese Dong is one of the major strategies that the state bank has adopted in order to maintain a stable economy.  Based on the importance of local currencies for example in undertaking local transactions and paying taxes, it is vital for the governments experiencing weak currencies to stabilize their currencies.

Math’s was my favorite subject from kinder garden. Various forms of mathematics like calculus and algebra attracted me more than games and comics from a very young age. I lost interest

Exxon Mobil is the world’s largest integrated gas and oil company that trades in the public stock exchange market. The organization mainly deals with natural gas and crude oil exploration and production aside from manufacturing petroleum products and transporting them to the market. 

An annotated bibliography is useful since it enables the researcher to track evidence for the portfolio project and demonstrates the researcher’s ability to conduct a concise literature review on the topic (Oliver, 2010). A good annotated bibliography will enable me critically think about the contents of past researchers and authors on the topic of my portfolio project, establish evidence and use relevant sources to the topic.

Accounting is an important element of business as it assists in recording and formulating the path on which a business should grow. The scope of accounting is very wide. Accounting is mainly defined as a means, not an end as it calculates and determines the financial result and position of an organization (Burchell, Clubb, Hopwood, Hughes, and Nahapiet, 1980).

In all these new offices, the same operations that take place at the headquarters will be replicated. Businesses go through a lot before they reach such a point where they can go international. They are also

The balanced scorecard to be designed shall comprise four major key performance indicators such as internal processes (maintenance and engineering), learning and innovation (human resources), customer satisfaction (marketing and customer services), and financial (accounting). Mihin Airline Plc has been operating in the market segment for the past 5 years.

LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offered Rate) is utilized for the settlement of derivative contracts in the money market. The British Bankers Association (BBA), every day questions 18 banks in respect of the rates in which they use to borrow funds. All the 18 banks are required to submit responses to the Thomson Reuters data collection service that handles LIBOR submissions.

In the USA cooperatives are managed just like corporations and this makes the management be managed in a firm way. While this does not in itself guarantee that the management will not sometimes do things and a way that will affect the firms in a negative way, it has the potential to make sure that professional competency is given priority when deciding who is going to be at the leadership.

This movement in oil prices was reflected by a movement in stock market prices. There are studies in the past that have researched quantitatively on the relationship between stock prices and oil prices in the GCC. There are conflicting results on the impact of oil prices on the stock markets, though the paper focused on the short-term in the bourses of the six countries.    

 The stock take for Farhan Muscat SAOG Company is made for the purpose of counting and calculating its all items in stock and recording the outcomes. Such audit activity will ensure the accuracy of the stock records; the value of the stock will be verified and shown in the balance sheet through physical confirmation. 

The net investment includes two major things. The investment was made in the new ATM machine, which is $1,000,000. The Amount received from selling the old ATM machine at the existing market price. The selling amount is subject to taxes. Therefore the amount received is used after incorporating the taxes.

While Hong Kong’s government is able to provide medical needs and requirements at present it may not be able to keep up with subsidizing health and medical services within its private and public sectors while its citizens pay meager costs for quality service. It is recommended that one way to minimize cost is through the installation of computers.

The author states that Satyanath postulates that developing democracies experience such crises mainly because there is a breakdown in communication between the chief executive of the monetary authority and financial officers in such times, leading to insufficient banking regulations and eventually flight of capital out of the country.

The author states that the growing importance of global economy is very much felt on how our business organization strives to evolve to become more efficient in carrying out its daily operation. This, of course, started with the company’s increasing concern in strategic decision making in the form of a more intensive market environment scanning.

 “Failures are the pillars of success”, so goes the adage. When this is applied to a well-intentioned textbook on international accounting, it’s a reference to the many editions that persistent authors undertake in order to fine tune the contents to suit both space and the time. This space-time dimension heavily bears on the outcomes of sales.

While one may have a small modicum of information, it’s likely that this is nothing compared to a regular employee at Middlebys. Ultimately, while Middlebys demonstrates positive growth, the chances that one will reap the returns they desire are unlikely. There are a large number of competitors, and it’s near impossible to determine which company will succeed. 

The author states that the Panzar-Rosse approach suits the best. The approach utilizes the most reliable, tested and rigorous methods to analyze the market and economic backdrop with the help of H-statistic. This set of statistical methods aids in the instrumentation of a unique symmetric and unbiased estimator.

The modern business environment has altered radically within a short period of time. Business technology has highly developed business functions and acts to levels not believed feasible in the past. “The function of accounting and business is possibly one of the most dependable functions in business”.

The main features contained in the software are Inventory Control, Point of Sale, Customer Management, Reporting, Purchasing, Accounting, and an option for E-Commerce that the company may consider. Additionally to the industry specific software, the group proposes an Acuprint

In this thesis it has been observed that having better credit ratings not only lowers the interest costs for a company but it also provides financial flexibility to the company in case of future needs.

I understand that, based on my recommendations, the company will allocate up to $1,000,000 of available capital to superior investment opportunities. The required rate of return (discount rate) for new investments by the company is 10.0 percent. For this analysis, I have ignored income taxes, as instructed. The cost of the machine is $250,000.

The two main factors that banks consider for granting overdraft limit are Liquidity and Cash Flow. Banks need to be sure that a company has enough liquidity to meet its obligation in the event of a crisis. Cash flow is important because a

It is also worth noting that the conceptual framework specifies some qualitative characteristics that should be displayed by the financial statements. These are understandability, relevance, reliability, and comparability. The financial statements should be readily understandable by the user. However, this should not discourage the use of accounting concepts and terms.

The reason for this is to fully reflect all the costs associated with a certain product using the full-cost accounting method, in which all costs are imputed into the cost of production,

services easier, mobilising funds by creating a pool of funds from several savers or investors, obtaining and processing information about firms and their investment projects in order to allocate savings to the most productive use, undertaking corporate governance and

The cost saving in the sixth year is $3.67M. The total savings over the period is $12.79M. The recruiting cost has been justifiable over the period to increase the employees’ skills in their working in production

My idea of success as a person is based on my ambition to become independent and work to add value to my life and that of anyone else around me. I believe that by acquiring the requisite academic skills coupled with professional experience, I can develop my expertise in

When an entity satisfies a performance obligation over some time, the entity shall account for revenue for that period by applying any method of determining progress in the process of complete satisfaction of performance obligation in a consistent manner. Measurement of the progress can be ensured through the output method and input method.

The investments needed to manufacture these downstream products are low in comparison to the upstream smelting facilities to make alumina and primary aluminum. Alcoa’s ability to price their products would be limited by the competition. Alcoa would have little flexibility in pricing the downstream products.

Its use accomplishes the goal of ensuring that success with customers yield economic success for a company. Article 8.2 The Use of Target Costing in Developing the Mercedes-Benz M-Class is similar to the first article in that both articles focus on target costing.

The various risks examined include the political risks such as tax legislation, risk due to foreign exchange rate variations, inflation rate, interest rates, etc. When a business extends its operations to foreign countries it has to comply with the regulations of the host country as well as those of the mother country.

The objective of the portfolio is to enhance diversification as much as possible. Other objectives contain beating the benchmark index return of QE and each of the individual security bypassing the benchmark average return of QE. The risk tolerance level is under 10% such that the portfolio needs to be more diversified in the case when the risk level seems to increase by 10% risk level.

It's important to note that motivation as a function can conflict with other functions of budgets. The motivation to implement a budget by management can conflict with the function of control and evaluation in that management can have inadequate measures in place for taking action when the budgeted levels of activities deviate from the expected activities.

The documents provide a brief representation of the company to the stakeholders. However fact that should always be kept in mind is that representation is not the same as reality. A representation is like a picture of an individual that possesses a likeness to reality. The technology giants often change accounting practices in order to increase the company’s valuation.

Costing systems enable firms to determine the production cost based on the revenue generated. Costing systems are essential in a manufacturing setup because it enables an organization to establish its expenditure on production in relation to revenue generation. The modern production environment relies mainly on technology, which limits the use of Traditional Absorption costing techniques.

The management’s primary objective is based on the shareholders’ maximization of wealth, which often directly translates into the value maximization of a given firm as determined by the company’s stock price. The achievement of this goal can be done through the aspect of granting shareholders a fairer payment for their investments.

Online shopping is easy since individuals just need to use the cards. The paper further seeks to discuss how managers, directors and other managerial leaders use balanced scorecards to align business activities to the identified vision and strategy and to monitor performance against strategic goals.

Progility PLC is the Holding company of a group that provides project management services. Subsidiaries of the company are specialized in people, processes, training, and system integration. Progility operates in four divisions. The first division is the training division, which operates under the brand name ILX.

The growth and sustainability of the company are due to Haier’s investment in the labeling of its merchandise to meet the customers’ tastes and preferences. The faster growth and rate of the holding company with its subsidiaries have been the root cause of the performance analysis of the company over a period of five years; 2010 to 2014 respectively.

Corporations are not required to behave as if their profit-making goal is more important that the interests of their stakeholders. Stakeholder theory maintains that management’s role is to create value for their non-shareholder stakeholders such as consumers, the community, creditors, employees, and suppliers (Lii, 2011)

strategy is to see a sustainable growth and ensure provision of a long term value creation to the shareholders as they attempt to meet the demand of quality services and products in the region. With the experience in business in strategy formulation and development the company

flows at different rates while it is clear that present value of estimate cash flows at 29 percent and 30 percent are respectively nearest greater and less to initial investment therefore the IRR will lie between 30% and 29%. Exact value will be calculated through

Fama (1991) describes market efficiency as A market in which firms can make production-investment decisions, and investors can choose among the securities that represent ownership of firms’ activities under the assumption that security prices at any time “fully reflect” all available information (Fama, 1991, p. 383)

The notion of Creative Accounting is tied up to the position of its shares, such as when it issues new shares in the market or when it wants its existing shares to be presented in good light in the market so that its shares acquire premium value and payment of high dividends through representing profits in an inflated manner.

Their significance stems from the fact that they reveal how effective has the management been in generating returns sales and investment. The following main ones have been used. This ratio helps bring out the adequacy of the profit margin to cover operating expenses and how it will have an effect on the bottom-line of the enterprise. 

The cash flows should, therefore, be brought to the present before the projects are ranked. Careful examination of the projects shows that there are various criteria that can be applied in