The Environmental Emissions in the Mesosphere - Essay Example

GREENHOUSE GAS No) (Lecturer) Introduction Greenhouse gas is a chemical compound on the earth surfaces that allows the sunlight trays to enter the surface of the earth. When the sunray struck the earth, surface it radiate back thus emitting energy and regulating the temperature to be relatively constant throughout the period. Most common gasses are exhibit features of greenhouse gas, and gases occur in nature. Water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane are gases, which emits rays that allow the sunrays to enter the earth. Since the begun of industrialization 150 years ago the level of greenhouse gas has increased to 25% (Harmaajärvi, Heinonen, & Lahti2004). A process known as the carbon cycle is a natural regulation of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Carbon cycle is dominated by the biological process of photosynthesis that absorb 6.1billion tons of carbon dioxide produce in a year. When the natural process absorbs the carbon dioxide is absorbed, another half is also emitted to the environment annually (Carbon management in tourism 2010). The balance between emission of gas and absorption of gases to the atmosphere result to greenhouse gas on the surface of the earth. To understand the effects of greenhouse gas on the climate, we will have to be aware of the level of greenhouse gas on the surface of the earth. Norwegian overview basing on projection on pollution authority has calculated the environmental emissions to the mesosphere. The new projection of greenhouse gas emission shows an increase and a gradual decline by the end of 2030. Decrease in the level of greenhouse by the 2030 is due to a reduction of petroleum undertakings and the country shift their attention towards the service sector by the end of 2010. Norway assumes technological move where people focus on the service industry and use of electricity to reduce hazards to the environment (Harmaajärvi, Heinonen, & Lahti 2004). Service industry produces commodities that are friendly to the environment and uses carbon free raw materials. The total green house gas emission in Norway between 2009 and 2013 by different sectors expected to reduce gradually to achieve the vision 2030. The emission of green gas in the year 2009 is 5.7 million tonnes and 5.4 million tonnes in the year 2013 and is expected to reduce to 5.2 million tonnes by the end of 2020. The projection of gas emission of gas in the year 2013 to 2030 is constant, unlike the previous increase. The ministry of finance budget focused on the development of electricity for production of goods and services in the primary service. Power will reduce use fuels in various sectors of the economy in Norway. The roadmap towards achieving low carbon by the year 2050 ministry of environment is working with the Norway government to reduce environmental pollution. The ministry objective is to understand the effects of greenhouse gas on the global climate. Norway government collaborates with a global agreement to achieve the necessary temperature. To achieve the goal it requires the corporation of all political leaders to educate and sensitize the public about the importance dangerous climate caused by emission of gas. The white In Norway is the foundation of climate policy that aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emission by 35% from 50 to 85 per cent. The policy is essential to reduce dangerous change in climate that reduces the life span of an individual on the planet. The white paper focused on ensuring the average annual emission of GHG in 2008 to 2012 do not go beyond the 1990 emission, which was above the minimum rate set by the ministry of environment. Mechanism of Kyoto Protocol is used by the government of Norway to regulate the level of omission by various stakeholders. The government used the strategy to reduce greenhouse emission in 2020 by 30% as per the national budget of 2007 (International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 2003). The budget targets two-thirds reduction in gas emission in 2020 in the Norway economy. Politically Norway is striving to achieve less carbon emission; by the year 2050 the country is aiming at reducing green house emission by 100 per cent. The Norway government placed some measures to be a low emitter in society. The parliament passed bills that aimed at changing consumer pattern from the high to lower emission of carbon dioxide. The will bill will reduce global emissions the year 2020 by 40 per cent and the mission towards the global agreement. The policy strives for all population shifts in consumption of goods that emit carbon to a lower or zero carbon products (Beeson 2010). The Norway government passed a policy across the various sectors of the economy to penalise the emitters. Every sector of the economy is supposed to take up schemes on emission or taxed directly. The authority to reduce dangerous emission of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere uses the policy. Other than the government policy, other sectors in the economy introduce CO2 taxation to petroleum products. In addition to the government policies there, is research and innovation on climatic friendly technologies is also necessary. The innovation provides complimentary support due to market failure that fail to provide a solution. In 2008, the government of Norway initiated the ‘climate cure’ to verify whether existing formulated policies are sufficient to achieve the 2020 Norwegian climatic objective. The project aims at a long run goal to achieve favourable climate. The ‘climate cure’ analysed all sectors in the economy to make sure there zero emission in the sector. The project analysed the long run consequences of a general economy. The general economy measure the total cost in terms of welfare loss (Cooke2010). The 2050 commission on low carbon dioxide and energy emission requires a transitioning technology, infrastructure, power grids and effective transport system. To achieve the investment threshold, a growth of 1.5% in gross domestic product is necessary. For a constant supply of investment by 2020 1trillion euro is necessary as a source the capital from outside Norway. The transition will not only reduce carbon but also raise prices of fuel in the global market. The favourable terms of trade will raise the GDP of the country by over 50per cent in a given period (Cooke2010). A research body in Norway funded by the government came up with new technology to reduce further emission of carbon to the environment. The new model shows a different result from the previous finding. It concludes that the probability of doubling the carbon emission by 2020 is 90 per cent (LOVINS2013).The emission will increase the global temperature by 1.5 degrees hence affecting the general climate. The model is also used to study the current climate and compared it with the actual observation of the change in climate. In Norway gas, emission is the only form of greenhouse gas but also human activities can also emit the gas. Aerosols from sulphate also contribute to the global warming of the atmosphere. Reference Cooke, P. 2010. Platforms of innovation: Dynamics of new industrial knowledge flows. UK: Edward Elgar,Cheltenham. Carbon management in tourism.2010: Routledge.Abingdon. LOVINS, A. 2013.Reinventing fire: bold business solutions for the new energy era.[Place of publication not identified], Chelsea Green. Beeson, M., &Bisley, N.2010.Issues in 21st century world politics.Basingstoke:Macmillan,Palgrave. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.,& OECD global forum on sustainable development: emissions trading CATEP country forum. 2004. Greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms: OECD global forum on sustainable development: emissions trading CATEP country forum, 17-18 March 2003, Paris : proceedings. Paris: OECD. Edenhofer, O., & Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2011). Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation: Summary for policymakers and technical summary : special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: Cambridge University Press,New York. Harmaajärvi, I., Heinonen, S., & Lahti, P. 2004. Urban form, transportation and greenhouse gas emissions: Experiences in the Nordic countries: Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen. International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Gale, J., Kaya, Y., & IEA Greenhouse Gas R & D Programme.2003. Greenhouse gas control technologies: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 1-4 October 2002, Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Pergamon. Read More