Ecet Senior Design Project - Report Example

ECET SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT REPORT SPOT, Free Parking Observer Submitted to Goodman Engineering Technology Department by Al Suwaidi, Mohammed November 12, 2014 Abstract This report is a summary of designing a garage free parking spaces (SPOTS) using Xbee as senior design project as required by the Electrical Engineering Technology curriculum in Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). This project involves designing, implementing and testing the design to help in determining the available parking spaces for customers. This project justifies three courses of my program: ECET357 Real-Time digital in DSP, ECET309 Embedded microcontroller, ECET453 and ECET307. This report will go through the design, implementation and the testing phases of the project, including the recommendation for future enhancement. Revision History Version Date Revised by Description 1.0 11/11/2014 Mohammed Al Suwaidi Initial version 1.1 16/11/2014 Mohammed Al Suwaidi Few edit after the review 2 22/11/2014 Mohammed Al Suwaidi Completing missing parts 2.1 1/12/2014 Mohammed Al Suwaidi Pictures and graphs 3 6/12/2014 Mohammed Al Suwaidi Adding Xbee Part List of figures Figure1: Configuration & Test Utility Software Fig 2: Arduino software Figure 3: MatLab Software Figure 4: Arduino UNO Figure 5: XBEE S2 and S2 pro Figure 6: Parallel Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD Figure 7: Block Diagram Figure 8: The schematic diagram Figure 9: Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Figure 10: Garage Device (Circuit) Design Figure 11: Remote Device (Circuit) Design Figure 12: Ultrasound Sensors Configuration Figure 13: Configuration of the LCD with the Arduino board Figure 14: Configuring and testing the XBee wireless connection with Arduino Figure 15: prototype design project Table of Contents Abstract 2 Revision History 3 List of figures 4 Table of Contents 5 Introduction 7 System Overview 8 Specifications 8 Functional Overview 8 Functional Definitions 10 System Interface 10 Arduino UNO Microcontroller 10 XBEE S2 Module 11 System Output 11 Power Supply 11 Software 11 XCTung Software 11 Arduino Software 13 MatLab Software 15 Figure 3: MatLab Software 15 Ultiboard Software 16 Hardware 17 Arduino UNO 17 XBEE S2 and S2 pro 18 Parallel Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD 19 Figure 6: Parallel Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD 19 Block Diagram 21 Power Supply Design 22 Calculation: 22 The schematic diagram: 23 Figure 8: The schematic diagram 24 Printed Circuit Board (PCB): 25 Figure 9: Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 25 Garage Device (Circuit) Design: 26 Remote Device (Circuit) Design: 27 1 Configure the Ultrasound Sensors with the Arduino: 28 2. Configure the LCD with the Arduino board 30 3. Configure the Ultrasounds Sensors and LCD to interact with each other 33 4. Configuring and testing the XBee wireless connection with Arduino 35 Figure 15: prototype design project 40 References 41 Appendices 42 Appendix A – Software Details 42 Appendix B – Software Details 48 Appendix C – Software Details 53 Appendix D – Software Details 57 Appendix E – Information and Errors 60 Introduction This report is a summary of compilation of planning and works with regard to the SPOT project. The purpose of this project is to design a prototype platform for testing Arduino device for garage vacant parking spots. The primary objective of this platform is to establish the possibility to design a prototype that will count the number of free parking spots in garage and display it on remote screen. The second objective is to program the Arduino microcontroller and integrate it in interface sensors as required part of the acceptance for this project to be valid. After determining the aspects that will make this project a valid senior project, the next phase will delve into knowing how to design the project with minimum cost to ensure it is affordable for commercial use and future developments. The components that are used for this project are available to the public and can be designed with basic knowledge of coding, electrical and designing. This project design concept consists of using ultrasonic sensors as interfaces, Arduino programming as software and power supply as hardware design. The sensors will be used to sense if there is a car in the parking spot or not and send it to the Xbee. The Arduino will use this data to display it on LCD screen and in the same time it will be transmitted wirelessly to a remote LCD screen. This project scope was focused on transmitting the data wirelessly to the LCD screen. System Overview Specifications This project aims to prove that the students is able to use information from three classes of EET field curriculum and develop and implement a senior design project, along with feasibility study and capability of the design and test the prototype. Therefore, the following specifications were chosen to make this prototype design project. Using ultrasound sensors as interfaces to know if there is a car in the spot. Using Xbee microcontroller as device for programming and integration. Using the power supply as hardware to power the project nodes. Functional Overview This project platform contains four main components, which allow it to function as described in this document. After assembling the design project along with the wiring the sensors and Liquid crystal Display (LCD), it is necessary to code the Arduino and configure the wireless communication between the XBEEs wirelessly. Then the user will be able to observe the available parking spots either from the remote screen if he or she is out of the garage building or see the vacant spot based on the rows inside the parking garage. The interface of the platform uses Ultrasonic sensors that will help with reading the distance of the object (Car) from the sensor. Based on the distance, it can be known if this spot is taken or not. These sensors are integrated with the Arduino microcontroller to calculate the distance of object and the reading can be programmed to be active every time. The Arduino plays important role as the brain of this project because of its interaction with different components such as the sensors, LCD and XBee wireless communication. Also, the biggest part of code is held by the Arduino microcontroller processor. In addition, Arduino is responsible for the LCD outputs, reading the sensors inputs and communicating with the XBEE wireless communication. Besides, the Arduino use its out programming language along with the compiler provided as free source from ArduinoCompany. The Arduino is attached with the XBEE antenna that can work as end point or as coordinator among the nodes that are in the network. The power supply used for this prototype platform is a linear power supply with limit voltage of 7.3 V because the recommended voltage required for powering the Arduino microcontroller board is between 5V – 12V. A step-down convertor is used to design this power supply to convert the outlet power from 110 V to 7.3V to power the project node. Functional Definitions System Interface The Arduino Uno microcontroller is wired with the Ultrasound sensors to incorporate as inputs reader. It works by sending pulses (pings) and then by using the ping library it will calculate the distance. For this project, the distance was configured to centimeters (cm). In the prototype design the distance configured to be 13cm, and if there is object in that range the input will read HIGH value as it is been taken. The interfaces play an important role in this project and in case if the interface is damaged the microcontroller will read the values as HIGH always. Arduino UNO Microcontroller The Arduino UNO microcontroller has a vital task in this project as the main brain of the project. It processes the inputs from the interfaces, and sends it to the LCD outputs and transmits into other Arduinos using XBEEs wireless communication. Both Liquid Crystal Display and XBEE are wired physically to the Arduino board. Also, the Arduino has the most of the coding of this project programmed with Arduino software. The process of coding in the Arduino is in loop function that will keep running forever to test the functions of the codes. XBEE S2 Module XBEE module is a device that can interact with the Arduino Uno board. The XBEE can be configured to send data wirelessly to other XBEE receivers. The XBEEs can be configured to be end nodes or coordinators. For this project, the XBEEs are needed to attach to the Arduino boards for translating the signals and display the results on the remote outputs. XBEE use Attention command (AT) to end data through the network with 22 bits package to coordinator XBEE to process the data and display it on the output LCD. The XBEE needs 5V for operation. System Output Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used as system output for this project. The exact device used for this project is Parallel Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD, which has two rows display lines and each line has a length of 16 characters. The LCD required a 5V volt to be functional. The Arduino software has the library that supports the ASCII characters to be displayed on the LCD. Power Supply The power supply that used for this project is a linear type, and with output power of 7.3V to power the Arduino board; were the minimum required voltage is 5V and maximum is 12V. Software XCTung Software Figure1: Configuration & Test Utility Software XTCU is freely available software that is used to configure and test radio frequency (RF) components. The software application, provided by Digi, is based on the Windows platform. The program has been designed in such a manner that it can interact with any firmware files from other Arduino products. The product allows the users or the developers to test the configuration of the modems, in the same way, as they would perform a real-time test. A graphical user interface is produced making it simple to deal with the software. According to digi.com (2014), the software can assist in the management and configuration of radio frequency devices such as the XBEE modules that are used for this project. Arduino Software Fig 2: Arduino software This is a software tool that is used to make computer software on Arduinomicrochip boards used in this senior project. The software acts in a standalone mode or communicates with other software to send the information to the hardware that is combatable with Arduino. Due to this capability, this software is essential in new product development. It is mainly used in such microprogramming applications such as circuit board printing for control of physical outputs (arduino.cc, 2014). Arduino is primarily developed to ensure that creation of an interactive environment is actuated for the developer. It can be described as a practical implementation of wiring. The Arduino environment is interactive and can be controlled using C/C++ programming languages. Arduino is open source, therefore making it easier to twist the applications to personal tastes. The Arduino environment is easy to develop and also very convenient to use. MatLab Software Figure 3: MatLab Software This is another tool used for the project. It is used to simulate scientific environments by numerical computations. MATLAB is portable, and so can be used in various platforms such as Windows and Linux. MAC and Unix versions are also available. It is based on matrices and C programming when large data is involved. MATLAB has the capabilities of solving different mathematical functions, as well as producing powerful graphics for the same. It is used to write mathematical programs for application development. The software is also vastly applied in signal and image processing, as well as in optimization (math.utah.edu, n.d). Ultiboard Software Ultiboard software was also used for this senior project. It is designed for designing printed circuit boards from files that are created using other software for creation of circuits. The software assists developers to come up with fast designs very precisely. According to ni.com (2014), this is made possible using the manual controllers available in the design. The software can integrate with Multisim to allow the developer to design industry-level products. The manufacturers praise the software for its flexibility, user friendliness, seamless integration, database integration and ease of export to the industry level standards (Electronics Circuit Design, 2014). Developers using Ultiboard should be familiar with other circuit drawing software because one needs to draw the circuits before they are transferred to the software Hardware Arduino UNO Figure 4: Arduino UNO This can be described as a micro-controller made of a single board to enhance the capability to construct interactive environments or objects. The equipment consists of a board, which is an open source designed around a 32-bit Atmel (Arduino, 2014). The hardware was developed in 2005 and was intended to make the technological environmental interaction become relatively cheaper and easier. This is mainly because the device comes in assembled form, ready for installation by the purchaser. The hardware manufacturers provide assembling instruction, which makes it relatively easy for any individual to develop an interactive environment using the hardware (Lahart, 2009). It interacts with the environment through multiple sensors and actuators linked to it. These sensors and actuators include devices like motion detectors, simple robots and thermostats. The fundamental advantage for the increased utilization of this hardware remains the capability to be used on regular personal computers and allows users to use the simple programming languages of C++. XBEE S2 and S2 pro Figure 5: XBEE S2 and S2 pro These can be described as radio devices compatible with the form factor modules. They have been developed to be utilized to enhance the aspects of wireless connectivity of different devices with such capabilities. They are used to add to the requirements of wireless connectivity within a communication system (Adafruit, 2014). Through the wireless communication system the devices are capable of supporting point-to-point connectivity within an environment (Faludi, 2010). They support wireless communication through the antenna which is provided by the manufactures. The devices have different types of antennas designed to enhance the functional capabilities of communicating with other devices. The type of antenna becomes critical in determining the range of broadcast for the devices. The different Xbees are capable of operating in different data modes and this increases their utilization. Many of them can either operate through the transparent data mode of the application programming interface mode, which is mainly packet-based. The device has the capability of broadcasting to a single or multiple targets, for the point-to-point and star modes respectively. Parallel Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD Figure 6: Parallel Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD These are microcontrollers that are utilized in driving alphanumeric displays of simple interfaces. The devices enable the creation of a connection between a general-purpose microcontroller and microprocessor within communication systems. The device has the capability to display different types of characters including Japanese, ASCII and kana (Sanchez & Canton, 2007). When combined with an extension driver, the number of characters that are displayed can be increased up to 80 characters. Through a connection and interfacing with the network, the devices can be able to connect to printer and fax machines to produce hard copies of the information on the display. The devices have a nominal operating voltage of 5 volts at maximum brightness and have the capacity for dimming when the voltage levels diminish. The device also has a number of special characters which are essential for the display of different information (Wilmshurst, 2010). Many of these devices have fluorescent, LED, or electroluminescent backlights to provide support when the LCD dims. Block Diagram Figure 7: Block Diagram Power Supply Design As a requirement to build hardware for the senior project, power supply is designed to power the Arduino microcontroller board, and should be working probably with voltage of minimum 5V and maximum of 12 V. The designed power supply for this project is with linear voltage of 7.3V. The operational theory for designing this power supply is having a device that maintains a relatively constant output voltage even though its input voltage may be highly variable. There are a variety of specific types of voltage regulators based on the particular method they use to control the voltage in a circuit, which is 7.3 V for this system. Calculation: Start solving by using the available parameters. Since Vi = 23.5 Vpeak, then with adding the 1.4V drop caused by the bridge will result the Vsecondary = 23.5 + 1.4 = 24.9 Vpeak. It is important to convert it to RMS, the value will be 24.9 * 0.707 = 17.6 VSecondary(rms). By this information the ratio for this transformer is 7:1. Since the giving values for Vprimary(rms) is 120 Vrms, 17.6 VSecondary(rms) and I secondary(rms) >= 1.50 A. So Iprimary can be found by using this formula VP*IP = VS*IS. So IPrimary =  = 220 mA Then start solving the resistors values, since the value of R1 is 240  and the value of Vout is given, so R2 can be found by using this formula Vout = 1.25 ( + 1 ) R2 = (  = 1.2 K. Calculating the Working voltage for the resistors: PR1 =  PR2 =  The schematic diagram: Figure 8: The schematic diagram Printed Circuit Board (PCB): Figure 9: Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Garage Device (Circuit) Design: Figure 10: Garage Device (Circuit) Design Remote Device (Circuit) Design: Figure 11: Remote Device (Circuit) Design After designing the garage circuit and remote device then implements the hardware connection, then the next stop is to do the software part. For the software part there were several steps needed to go through before going into configuring the whole circuit. The steps are: Configure the interface ultrasound sensors with the Arduino board Configure the LCD with the Arduino board Configure the ultrasounds sensors and LCD to interact with each other Configure the project hardware to interact with each other including XBee 1 Configure the Ultrasound Sensors with the Arduino: Arduino software is needed to configure the Arduino. It is important to disconnect the XBee while configure the Arduino, otherwise the Arduino won’t accept uploading and debugging. Before starting testing and configure the distance, it is important to know the surrounding of the sensor, and to be sure it is in the needed position in order it won’t affect the whole project in the future; recommended to connect the sensors with hard surface in advance. For testing the ultrasound the below code is used for this type of configuration. Figure 12: Ultrasound Sensors Configuration For the line code: if ( cm Read More