Situating Cultural Policy - Essay Example

Situating Cultural Policy Name Course Name and Code Instructor’s Name Date This essay aims at evaluating situating cultural policy. In order to achieve this, it will focus on the giving a description of what is national culture and whether it changes over time. Lastly, the essay will show how national culture changes over time. National culture is the set of norms, beliefs, customs and behaviours, which exist in a populace of an independent country. Universal companies create management as well as other practices in agreement with the national culture of the country they are operating in (Clayton and Trayers 2009). Evidently, ethnic, language, cultural history and traditions characterize National culture as well as ethnic and racial identity (Clayton and Trayers 2009). Experts have revealed that the National cultures have a remarkable impact on family lives, political and economic structures as well as business practices. The Australian government developed the National Cultural policy of Australia (Eltham 2009). The policy was meant to reflect the most vital functions that are played by the Arts and Creativity in the lives of the Australian citizens. In addition, it will also help in integrating arts and cultural policy within the larger economic and social objectives. The national cultural policy necessitated that organizations and people in the creative and cultural industry to speak up for a better Australia. It is apparent that the initial arts of the multicultural policies of Australia highlighted such issues as equity, access and the upholding of the cultural heritage (Clayton and Trayers 2009). The policy was meant to help the Country achieve its goals and objectives through assisting in the creation of an inclusive society, which will offer arts education to the young Australians, enhancing innovation as well as ensuring productivity. For the policy area, these have continued to be a fundamental cornerstone. It is apparent that there is a great desire to focus on the artists together with their practices. Due to this reason, the art practices remained at the centre of the discussions held by ACMAC’s (Australia Council 2000). It was realized that it was not necessary to be afraid of enunciating the intricacy of the art as well as to respect the point from which the artist chooses to develop. Moreover, the desire to enhance a larger participation in practice and via discussions as well as the desire to enhance sector –wide participations with arts within the multicultural Australia. Sector wide participation entails encouraging conversations, constructing bridges, developing and accommodating new chances of growth (Australia Council 2000). This means that the art institutions, artists as well as the sectors they are closely working together with can assist in shaping the Australian environment to ensure an arts expression that is successful within the multicultural Australia. Australian community is generally a multicultural community (Australia Council 2000). This is due to the fact that a majority of Australia’s populace comprises of roughly an ethnic background and little minority populace. The developed institutions in Australia designate the different kinds off interests, values and the world’s views as well as the ways of life of the majority. The term Anglo-Australia is used on the majority of Australia’s populace and culture with the consideration that the term comprises of religious, regional, class and different kinds of differentiation from within. The term multiculturalism in the past was used to refer to the ethnic, immigrant and refugee Australians. Moreover, in the past the term did not embrace the indigenous Australians. The multiculturalism in Australia recognizes the indigenous Australians the real owners of land in the multiculturalism. In the contemporary time distinct ideas of multiculturalism push for attention as well as the different practices vie for resources in attention. Therefore multiculturalism in the country is not monolithic. Multiculturalism comprises of distinct kinds of future establishments. Apparently, Australia is the giant in tennis, boxing and swimming despite its low populace as compared to other nations. In the 1960’s, Australia enjoyed much of the sporting success. This is evidenced by the fact that Margaret Court, who is the best tennis player in Australia, won a number of major titles and also completed the famous Grand Slam (Clayton and Travers 2009). Margaret’s competency encouraged other women to participate in tennis and become world beaters. In the 1960s, the football encryptions also participated by taking some main steps. Very few professional players were noted at the beginning of the decade. The team’s performance was aired on the television broadcast and this gave the fans an opportunity to keep track of the performances of their best teams. As a result, this heightened gate attendance. In addition, sponsorship and advertisement deals on top of the horizon (Clayton and Travers 2009). It is clear that the world’s best players in football came from Australia for instance Jemima Edwards who was the national football’s championship award winner. The sporting success of Australia was meant to compel the image of a healthy and fit nation. Nevertheless, this did not turn out to be the case as it is indicated by a majority of experts (Clayton and Travers 2009). With the opening of the franchises selling first fast food in 1968 as well as the increasing sale of oilier and fattier foods largely amplified the rates of obesity within the country. Moreover, the cigarettes popularity quickly heightened and as a result the cigarette related diseases were on the increase (Hughes, 1970). This largely evidences that in the past Australia was passionate towards sports. Evidently, ports formed a main part of Australia’s culture. However this changed over time as the intentions of sport was not to corrupt people’s way of life (Hughes, 1970). The term culture is a hard concept to define or judge. Nevertheless, there is no static culture as all the cultures change with time. Most cultures however conventional and they typically resist change (Jupp 1969). Cultural change has been taken to refer to any innovations that are new and have been found to be of great use to a certain group of individuals as expressed in the way they behave. Culture is mostly accelerated by humanity. Besides, it is driven by among other factors the extension of the universal commerce, explosion in human populace and the mass media. Studies indicate that cultures are affected by the factors that enhance change as well as those that are against the change (Jupp 1969). The two kinds of forces are linked to natural events and the social structures that are entailed in the continuation of the cultural practices and ideas in contemporary structures, which could undergo change. Apparently, cultural change can occur because of several reasons (Saatchi and Saatchi Australia 2000). This is because the term is quite a broad thing. Conflicts within the society as well as technology development brings about changes in a society by enhancing new cultural models, changing the social dynamics and enabling innovative action. The new shifts in the society lead to ideological shifts as well as more changes within the culture. For instance, the notion that the broadcast media of Australia should comprise of content from Australia is as old as the media itself (Flew 1995). It has been argued by politicians that the communication technologies that have significance to a substantial reach to the public. Furthermore, the radio and the television have a major role to play in utilizing the local talent creativity as well as assist in the development of local culture something that was not present in the past. Taking the commercial broadcasters situation, this required an intermediation by the government to control establishments in a way to attain the set goals (Flew 1995). The aim to enhance the Australian content was encompassed within the operation conditions of the commercial broadcasters and the national broadcasting service. It is evident that the Australian public has debated over the importance of the regulation content of Australia for a long time now. Ever since the introduction of the Australian television, the public’s main concern is the right form of regulation on the Australian content (Flew 1995). This is with much emphasis being put on the commercial broadcasters. As revealed by studies, the debate has mostly been on; the right degree of the Australian content, especially on its correlation to questions regarding costs of the program and the profitability of the station, the kinds of Australian made programming, which ought to be broadcasted as well as the cultural as well as the social aims of the content regulation (Flew 1995). This is due to the fact that the Australian nationals felt that their culture was being greatly influenced by the foreign cultures being aired on the television in particular the American way of life. These are arguments that have coincided with other broader arguments regarding the role played by the television in both the cultural and the social life of the life of Australia band the growth as well as the upholding of the worthwhile and creative national audio-visual industry (Flew 1995). The debates that have been put forward regarding why the Australian content regulation needs to put some guidelines on the commercial broadcasters have been have been appealed for the past around three decades (Flew 1995). The debates cover an extensive range from the industrial to the economic policy and to those looking for diversity in production as well as the growth of the national cultures. This is mainly because cultural change is brought about by the exposure to other cultures for instance through contact with different other cultures via the television, media or other contacts. The arguments have mainly been put forward by the individuals working within the organizations or those who are affected or take concern in certain issues on the commercial broadcasters (Commonwealth Australia 1969). For the commercial broadcasters, the main driving debate for the Australian regulation content is associated to the distinct costs in the production of local as well as importing international programs. It is apparent that the broadcasters rely mostly on the international programs being as a substitute of the local production (Commonwealth Australia 1969). Through the over reliance on the imported programs, the locals get to contact with the international cultures which could either bring in a positive change to the country or it may impact negatively on the Australians culture. According to studies, the television industry is largely associated with a number of other audiovisual industries. Moreover, the degree of the local production has a significant contribution towards training, employment as well as investment projections in different other fields (Graham, 1989). Major associations within the television industry are to the advertising, film, performance as well as drama and the video industry. However, other industries could be linked to the television industry through being involved in such activities as those on the design, structure, costumes as well as costume infrastructure (Commonwealth Australia 1969). The forms of entertainment in Australia in the 1960’s were mainly, the television, movies as well as listening to music via the radio. The young people used to listen to music in the transistors and car radios to listen to their favourite music (Commonwealth Australia 1969). Rock music hit Australia and the dance parties became very popular for instance the twists and bungalow. The rock bands touring Australia from America and Britain influenced this phenomenon. Evidently, music videos also started airing in the televisions. Due to this, some changing contexts occurred on the Australian television (Commonwealth Australia 1969). Mainly, the basis of the Australian content regulation on the broadcasters is economic, social, cultural as well as technological. Television is usually viewed as a medium, which is both culturally and socially influential to the citizens, and it should be accountable especially through their representatives. It is only under the public trusts that broadcasting licenses are held by private interests. Studies indicate that in the case of a developing nation for instance the post-colonial Australia, the medium ought to be harnessed to the aims of cultural and social cohesion as well as identity and ensuring employment opportunities in the national economy (Commonwealth Australia 1969). In 1960, also there was a significant change in Australia’s, world of fashion. It is apparent that fashion in the nation went from being conservative and simple to being relaxed and carefree. This change designated a change within the political and the social ideology. In addition, the role of women also was challenged. One of the major influences on the changing fashion was London (Graham, 1989). In conclusion, it is clear that 1960 was a time of significant social change within the Australia society. The way of living of the people of Australia was shaped by the new ideas of how the modern families live. Furthermore, the influx of the culture from other nations also shaped people’s lifestyles in Australia. As evidenced in the essay the most significant changes can be noted across such fields as entertainment, fashion as well as technology. Endnotes Australia Council. 2000. Australia Council policy on Arts in a Multicultural Australia Clayton, J. and Travers, M. 2009. Arts Plus: New Models New Money: Australian Survey. Kensington and Brisbane: Centre for Social Impact & Arts Queensland. Commonwealth of Australia. 1969. Problematizing nationhood. Eltham, B. 2009. “Australian cultural and innovation policies: Never the twain shall meet?” Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 11(2) (2009): 230-239 Flew, T. 1995. ‘Images of Nation: Economic and Cultural Aspects of Australian Content Regulations for Commercial Television’, in Public Voices, Private Interests: Australia’s Media Policy, eds. J. Craik, J.-J. Bailey and A. Moran. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Graham, S. 1989. The Hidden Culture: Folklore in Australian Society. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Hughes, R. 1970. The Art of Australia. Melbourne: Penguin. Jupp, J. 1969. The institutions of culture: Multiculturalism. Saatchi and Saatchi Australia. 2000. Australians and the arts: what do the arts mean to Australians? overview: a report to the Australia Council. 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Australian community is generally a multicultural community (Australia Council 2000). This is due to the fact that a majority of Australia’s populace comprises of roughly an ethnic background and little minority populace. The developed institutions in Australia designate the different kinds off interests, values and the world’s views as well as the ways of life of the majority. The term Anglo-Australia is used on the majority of Australia’s populace and culture with the consideration that the term comprises of religious, regional, class and different kinds of differentiation from within.

The term multiculturalism in the past was used to refer to the ethnic, immigrant and refugee Australians. Moreover, in the past the term did not embrace the indigenous Australians. The multiculturalism in Australia recognizes the indigenous Australians the real owners of land in the multiculturalism. In the contemporary time distinct ideas of multiculturalism push for attention as well as the different practices vie for resources in attention. Therefore multiculturalism in the country is not monolithic.

Multiculturalism comprises of distinct kinds of future establishments. Apparently, Australia is the giant in tennis, boxing and swimming despite its low populace as compared to other nations. In the 1960’s, Australia enjoyed much of the sporting success. This is evidenced by the fact that Margaret Court, who is the best tennis player in Australia, won a number of major titles and also completed the famous Grand Slam (Clayton and Travers 2009). Margaret’s competency encouraged other women to participate in tennis and become world beaters.

In the 1960s, the football encryptions also participated by taking some main steps. Very few professional players were noted at the beginning of the decade. The team’s performance was aired on the television broadcast and this gave the fans an opportunity to keep track of the performances of their best teams. As a result, this heightened gate attendance. In addition, sponsorship and advertisement deals on top of the horizon (Clayton and Travers 2009). It is clear that the world’s best players in football came from Australia for instance Jemima Edwards who was the national football’s championship award winner.

The sporting success of Australia was meant to compel the image of a healthy and fit nation. Nevertheless, this did not turn out to be the case as it is indicated by a majority of experts (Clayton and Travers 2009). With the opening of the franchises selling first fast food in 1968 as well as the increasing sale of oilier and fattier foods largely amplified the rates of obesity within the country. Moreover, the cigarettes popularity quickly heightened and as a result the cigarette related diseases were on the increase (Hughes, 1970).

This largely evidences that in the past Australia was passionate towards sports. Evidently, ports formed a main part of Australia’s culture. However this changed over time as the intentions of sport was not to corrupt people’s way of life (Hughes, 1970). The term culture is a hard concept to define or judge. Nevertheless, there is no static culture as all the cultures change with time. Most cultures however conventional and they typically resist change (Jupp 1969). Cultural change has been taken to refer to any innovations that are new and have been found to be of great use to a certain group of individuals as expressed in the way they behave.

Culture is mostly accelerated by humanity. Besides, it is driven by among other factors the extension of the universal commerce, explosion in human populace and the mass media. Studies indicate that cultures are affected by the factors that enhance change as well as those that are against the change (Jupp 1969). The two kinds of forces are linked to natural events and the social structures that are entailed in the continuation of the cultural practices and ideas in contemporary structures, which could undergo change.

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