Mobile Networks in the Public Service Sector - Term Paper Example

Mobile Networks in Public Service Sector Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 2 Mobile Networking 3 New Mobile Network Technology 5 Mobile network Technology for Police 7 Mobile Network Technology for Fire Department 8 Mobile Network for Medial and Emergencies Services 9 Personal Communication and Mobile networks 11 Mobile Commerce 12 Mobile Network technology in Educational sector 13 Information sharing through mobile networks 13 Conclusion 14 Bibliography 15 Abstract The emergence of modern and up-to-date technology has completely transformed the overall structure of the world. The emergence of mobile technology has provided a great communication facility to the people. At the present, we have better means of working and handling of the overall business procedures and operations. The mobile technology can be acknowledged as a magical technology which offers the facilities of connecting, transmitting and receiving data and information from huge distances. This paper presents detailed analysis of Mobile networks and their uses in the public service sector. Introduction Francis, Elnegaard, Eskedal, & Venturin (2006), stated that from the start of network technology as a niche application, LAN technology was used to handle and manage the network inside a business or enterprise premises. The old technology was offering the facility of linking the multiple departments and areas however after the emergence of the WAN, MAN and Internet we have taken more advantages of linking or connecting to a huge set of community. As time passed the structure of the communication network went more complex and hard to manage. In this scenario the emergence of the mobile network technology has offered a great advantage regarding the effective handling, management and controlling of the huge networks. The main advantage of this technology is the reduction in cost regarding the establishment of the physical networks and isolations from the wires (Francis, Elnegaard, Eskedal, & Venturin, 2006). At the present, we can see the uses of mobile network technology in all the fields of life. Our PDAs, mobile phones, labs, banks, business and almost all the areas of life are linked to mobile technology. This research is aimed toward the analysis of different areas of life regarding the implementation of new “state of the art” mobile networking technology implementation. This research is mainly aimed at analyzing the current “state of the art” mobile networking in the enterprise. In this paper I will assess the mobile networking systems implementation for service and battement of the public service sectors such as: police, fire, and emergency. Also, the paper will discuss with breadth the ways that mobile networking has changed emergency operations (positive and negative), and what is “on the horizon” for new mobile networking technologies. Mobile Networking (Raju, 1996), presented the insight into the mobile networks and communication systems. According to (Raju, 1996) mobile networks have been developed and designed to attain terminal mobility. The concept of the terminal mobility necessitates the user to take a portable, radio-based, vehicular or handheld device and be inside radio coverage for all the time. Untimely each mobile system utilized analog transmission technology at the wireless access as well as approximately the entire world's cellular technology users still utilize these systems (Raju, 1996). (Raju, 1996), described that in response to the emergent need for cellular services and an extraordinary augment in the number of mobile technology subscribers, the digital mobile technology systems were developed and designed in 1980s. The most effective technology that was evaluated at that time was acknowledged as TDMA (time division multiple access). In this regard two digital cellular standards have been appeared in front were based on the time division multiple access standard were IS-54 in North America and GSM (Global System for Mobile) in Europe. According to Zheng, Hong, & Ray (2004) the wireless technology has presently made the overall communication, data and information transferring extremely convenient. Newly emerged Mobile ad hoc networking technology is one of the best and most powerful mobile network technologies available nowadays. This has offered a huge number of advancements in wireless communication technology presently. Now mobile ad hoc networks technology has made it possible for people to link and communicate by means of wireless networks established without some permanent communications structure similar to cell phone towers, routers, land-links etc (Zheng, Hong, & Ray, 2004) and (Malladi & Agrawal, 2002). In the new technology structure of the mobile networks we have mobile wireless end-hosts that carry out a vital task of network routers as well as transmit/forward data packets by means of peer-to-peer forwarding and routing technique. The speedy deployment capability of mobile ad-hoc networks formulates them effective for emergency rescuers, armies and in lot of other service sectors (Zheng, Hong, & Ray, 2004). Zheng, Hong, & Ray (2004) outlined that mobile ad-hoc networks are unusual or extraordinary as compared to Internet in two reasons. The initial reason is that the hosts in the mobile network structure are resource-constrained. They have simply restricted computing power, energy and memory. The next reason is regarding the hosts (and consequently the routers) of the network structure are mobile plus the topology transforms quickly. These two characteristics cause grand challenges to the researchers working in this field. For instance, we need to design novel routing as well as transport-layer protocols to adjust the varying topology, to maintain the energy use and to uphold elevated performance (Zheng, Hong, & Ray, 2004). New Mobile Network Technology Sato, Asahizawa, Kawano, & Shibata (2009) dicuss the new technology about the mobile networks in the public sector. As new arrival in the wireless communication network technology, a variety of forms of wireless networks have been appeared and utilized in a variety of application fields, for example the mobile network that holds “hot spot” at public regions/areas. Now we have new type of mobile networks acknowledged as the “Intelligent Traffic System”, for disaster communication network, etc. In particular, mobile and wireless networks executed extremely significant role intended for disaster use (Sato, Asahizawa, Kawano, & Shibata, 2009). According to Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve (2008) today the mobile users are moving to a more powerful and more connected world. A lot of accepted events occurred all through the world, people travel all through the nations for vacations or business causes and they sometimes have need of mobile network connectivity. For wireless/mobility causes, it is not feasible to offer simply a fixed access to the clients. The beginning of mobile terminals, like that mobile phones, laptops, and Personal Digital Assistances, has fulfilled the primary need of network connectivity (Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve, 2008) and (Karki, Hamalainen, & Porras, 2008). A new technology outlined by Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve (2008) is the 3G mobile phones that are offering the user an acceptable average bandwidth intended for e-mail reading and browsing, however the acquired price can be high. New mobile network technology mentioned by Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve (2008) is WiFi hot spots that present an enhanced wireless service intended for a less price, on the other hand they are not for all time obtainable. So as to tackle by this situation, present hot mobile devices encompass equally network interfaces, as well as the client is capable to choose the connection of the network by means of one or another relying on price, required bandwidth or coverage. These devices are acknowledged as multimode as well as are extremely attractive intended for 4G networks. Usually one interface is active and it obtains the task to link to the Internet or network. For a fundamental user it can be sufficient as long as it remains like a separate entity as of the network’s viewpoint. In this type of environment, the user immediately browses the Internet so as to demand for claim for an obtainable service or particular content (Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve, 2008). As the link is offered through wireless, the service could suffer as of noise, coverage loss or interferences degrading the apparent excellence (Gupta & Montenegro, 1998). Unluckily, the multimode capability is frequently believed like an optional advantage in its place of a complementary one. If together interfaces of a multi-mode device were operational at the similar time the dependability of the client session would be considerably improved as well as the apparent excellence enhanced. The radio communication areas would explain as capacity as frequency or path diversity. In a tele-matic world the majority correct term is known as multi-homing (Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve, 2008) and (Jiang, Hong, Takayama, & Landay, 2004). Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve (2008) outlined that “through the multi-homing technology a device is linked to the mobile network or the Internet using variety of connections or interfaces”. In mobile networks the intelligent multi-homing technology is taken as the concurrent contribution of two or additional associations in the similar device so as to evade data loss throughout one communication session (Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve, 2008). The advantage of mobile multi-homing technology is that we are as well capable to expand to an entire network. If an interface drops, the multi-mode device performing like access router will transmit the data packets in the course of a diverse interface not yet be observed through the user. Similar multi-homing technology for mobile networks capability is of particular relevance in wireless situations where small radio outage rejects a fluid service intended for the user. Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve (2008) also presented that a group of mobile users by means of their mobile devices established a specific time interval a MANET or mobile ad-hoc network. This network utilizes a multi-mode device to access the Internet via two diverse paths (Molina, Pileggi, Palau, & Esteve, 2008) (Gupta & Montenegro, 1998). Mobile network Technology for Police Joshi (2008) has described the implimentataion of the new technology in police sector. According to (Joshi, 2008) it is a practical solution offered by mobile technology that is helping and will help in fighting against crime as well as powerfully utilize the city resources. Joshi (2008) has presented a new type of technology that is currently implimented for the police commucantion network. This technology is acknowledged as the Wi-Max mobile technology that has the communication ranges from police’s internal point-to-point links to complete mobile cellular-type access. It will be included by the department's already operational systems, offering a greater and faster broadband access police emergence and crime management information system. According to Joshi (2008) this structure is most effective in case of its opertions campatability to the existing operational structure of the police department. This also facilitates in broadband access system that can be extended to the city's requirements (Joshi, 2008). Mobile Network Technology for Fire Department According to (Jiang, Hong, Takayama, & Landay, 2004) in the United States, more people are killed or affected by fires than all other natural tragedies collectively. Each year, there are more than 1.9 million fires, killing about 4000 people and affecting more than 25,000, as well as about 100 firefighters killed or injured in the line of duty. In addition, fires cause on the order of $11 billion USD in property destruction per year (Jiang, Hong, Takayama, & Landay, 2004). Cisco has recently anouned a new technology for the public safety. In this regard they will deploy their new technology in collaboration with the US public safety agencies. This new technology is aimed at enhancing and improving their efficiency and responsiveness to emergency and fire related incidents. By means of augmented focus on homeland security, these groups require even enhanced interdepartmental as well as interagency communications using their most significant resource. Through this technology the police officers in particular region can rapidly respond to the any emergency situation and effectively respond to the main incident place. In this regard the emergency and disaster handling services are more and more using the device technology, information technology, networking and wireless/mobile networks that are improving incessantly. In this way the applications are more supporting respondents and fire fighter in case of any emergency and effectively deploy the medical response units in the affected areas. At the present, there are mobile networks that effectively transmit the maps with satellite imagery, real-time videos, global database searches and GPS (Global Positioning System) tracking system that are presently obtainable in PDAs or any handheld devices that initial responders take with them in the field (Cisco, 2008). Mobile Network for Medial and Emergencies Services With a gradually more mobile society and the wide-reaching utilization and reach of mobile and wireless networks, the wireless infrastructure can help a lot of existing and up-and-coming healthcare applications (Varshney, 2007). Nowadays, mobile/radio data transfer and communications are limited to the area of an organization’s base stations. A modern type of the mobile network technology “Radio over Internet Protocol” is a set of technologies that permits two-way mobile communication traffic to be broadcasted over an Internet protocol based network structure. Radio over Internet Protocol expands the capacity and reach of radio systems through utilizing an organization’s accessible and previously established WAN (wide-area network) communications infrastructure to route mobile/radio signals among base stations (Itrinegy, 2009). Through implementing and installing mobile network enabled gateway routers at communication base stations plus dispatch consoles, voice data signals can be broadcasted on an Internet Protocol (IP based) network (Itrinegy, 2009). Figure 1 Radio over Internet Protocol working structure [Source: http://www.itrinegy.com/solutions/IP-over-Radio-testing.html] This new mobile network technology “Radio over Internet Protocol” is presently operational and lot of global control centre administrators are able to utilize a graphical interface to manage and organize traffic as well as assign communication workloads mainly in the emergency services. When linked and combined by Voice over IP technology, the emergency services dispatchers are able to simply route radio data and communication traffic to an external landline, phone extension or mobile phone that are obtainable to the field users. This permits quicker communication among workers as well as widen the contact of an organization’s communications structure (IBM, 2009). The new mobile technology “Radio over Internet Protocol” is workable approximately in all areas of world in emergency services handling and management. Widespread benefits of this technology have made this communication structure more acceptable for the extended and emergency situation communication (IBM, 2009) and (Itrinegy, 2009). This mobile network technology is operational in many fields like; (IBM, 2009) Ambulance services Fire brigade services Organizational security Business communication Production line implementation Transport services Construction areas Defense field Police Personal Communication and Mobile networks According to Kitch (2009) cell phones are the most ubiquitous electronic devices developed in this technology based age. Presently it is assessed that approximately more than 40 million Americans are presently active users of the mobile Internet by means of mobile browsers and smart-phones. The technology of the cell phone is rapidly turning out to be the most well-liked device intended for browsing the Internet. Through this technology most of the people are frequently log-on to Internet for searching the information regarding a business, entertainment and other Medias (Kitch, 2009). The main areas of mobile network technology that are offering services to the public are regarding the mobile Internet, commerce, media and other related areas. This new technology offers a better medium of communication using mobile network. In this way people have better, direct and wider communication from one part of world to another (Kitch, 2009) and (Maamar, 2003). Mobile Commerce The term and technology of the mobile commerce is utilized to outline the emerging practice of conducting promotional and financial activities using a wireless handheld device. The technology and implementation of the M-Commerce has been the most sophisticated technology that is operational nowadays and going to enhance more and more day by day (Tatum, 2009). Mobile-Commerce is defined as the way that offers the facility of selling and buying of goods as well as services using mobile phones or wireless handheld devices (like that personal digital assistants, cellular telephone and etc.) (Wang, Song, Lei, & Sheriff, 2005). Presently the technology of the Mobile-Commerce is recognized as the next-generation e-commerce. Through the Mobile-Commerce technology users are able to access the web without requiring and discovering a place to plug in the huge system. The rising and main mobile technology behind Mobile-Commerce, which is based on the WAP or Wireless Application Protocol, has made far bigger paces in Europe, where mobile devices work using Web-ready micro-browsers are greatly widespread than in the United States (TechTarget, 2003). Mobile Network technology in Educational sector According to (Mamoukaris & Economides, 2003), Wireless networks are able to offer mobile network access in each classroom using no or little renovation costs. The idea of new mobile/wireless network involves simply the installation of the network access points that can be positioned well all through the structure (area, building, university, school, and house) as well as can be installed without disturbance of the regular classroom timetable (Mamoukaris & Economides, 2003). As well, it is an important feature since without some adjustment action (or noticeable wiring) to the obtainable physical arrangement/classroom we be able to offer wireless network link (Mamoukaris & Economides, 2003). The substitution of the obtainable PCs by notebooks will enhance the efficiency and usability of the classrooms by utilizing the so far customary labs. The wireless network access points will be the simply medium to ease the communication among mobile PC/computer based Labs through both local servers and Internet. Therefore, the education will be sustained as well as improved even when the school is closed by means of the help of proper software that will be implemented to offer helpful facilities or other courses (Mamoukaris & Economides, 2003). Information sharing through mobile networks (Shriram & Sugumaran, 2007) outlined a new type of information sharing technology that is linked with the GSM or GPS network strcures. In this way the new technolohy structure is offering a new and better way of data sharing on the mobile networks. This data can be media based or any digital map of region (Shriram & Sugumaran, 2007). According to Francis, Elnegaard, Eskedal, & Venturin (2006), new type of WLANs mobile networks are mostly deployed in both residential and business use. The functionality linked with the technology has augmented and significant technical attempt has taken place in plans like that UMA or Universal Mobile Access to position cellular services over WLAN. At the similar time, WiFi potentials have been incorporated into laptops, handheld PDAs devices and mobile terminals for the better information and data sharing (Francis, Elnegaard, Eskedal, & Venturin, 2006). Conclusion Mobile technology has completely transformed the overall structure of the global communication and data sharing. Presently we are moving towards the age of mobility and wireless technology. This research has presented a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the mobile network technology and its potential implementation in various service sectors. The mobile networking techniques are aimed at attaining the better support and effectiveness in the overall management and handling of data and information in different areas. This research has offered a deep insight into the different areas of life that are extensively operational through the mobile networks. I hope that this research will offer a deep insight into the new technology of mobile networking. Bibliography Cisco. (2008). Cisco Mobile Network Solutions for Public Safety. Retrieved November 01, 2009, from Cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps272/prod_white_paper0900aecd806220af.pdf Francis, J. C., Elnegaard, N., Eskedal, T. G., & Venturin, R. (2006). Business Opportunities of Open Broadband Wireless Access Networks. Proceedings of the 2006 workshop on Broadband wireless access for ubiquitous networking . Alghero, Italy : ACM New York, NY, USA . Gupta, V., & Montenegro, G. (1998). Secure and mobile networking . Mobile Networks and Applications , Volume 3 Issue 4 , 381 - 390. IBM. (2009). Radio over IP. Retrieved November 01, 2009, from IBM.com: http://www-935.ibm.com/services/nz/index.wss/offering/igs/b1328069 Itrinegy. (2009). Radio over IP / IP over Radio Testing. Retrieved 09 18, 2009, from http://www.itrinegy.com/solutions/IP-over-Radio-testing.html Jiang, X., Hong, J. I., Takayama, L. A., & Landay, J. A. (2004). Ubiquitous computing for firefighters: field studies and prototypes of large displays for incident command. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 679 - 686). Vienna, Austria: ACM New York, NY, USA . Joshi, P. (2008, September 02). Police to get new wireless network for faster access. Retrieved November 01, 2009, from AllBusiness.com: http://www.allbusiness.com/technology/software-services-applications-internet-social/11875321-1.html Karki, B. R., Hamalainen, A., & Porras, J. (2008). Social networking on mobile environment. Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX Middleware '08 Conference Companion (pp. 93-94 ). Leuven, Belgium: ACM New York, NY. Kitch, J. (2009, October 20). Take Charge of Mobile Commerce. Retrieved November 01, 2009, from Entrepreneur.com: http://www.entrepreneur.com/ebusiness/ecommercesolutions/article203772.html Maamar, Z. (2003). Commerce, e-commerce, and m-commerce: what comes next? Communications of the ACM , Volume 46 Issue 12 , 251-257. Malladi, R., & Agrawal, D. P. (2002). Current and future applications of mobile and wireless networks . Communications of the ACM , Volume 45 Issue 10 , 144 - 146. Mamoukaris, K. V., & Economides, A. A. (2003). Wireless Technology in Educational System. Retrieved Novemnber 01, 2009, from http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:yEX09HmsSxAJ:conta.uom.gr/conta/publications/PS/Wireless%20Technology%20in%20Educational%20System.ps+Application+of+Wireless+Technology+in+the+Educational+System&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=pk&client=firefox-a Molina, B., Pileggi, S. F., Palau, C. E., & Esteve, M. (2008). A Social Framework for Content Distribution in Mobile Transient Networks. Proceedings of the third international workshop on Use of P2P, grid and agents for the development of content networks (pp. 29-35). Boston, MA, USA : ACM New York, NY, USA. Raju, V. (1996). Intelligent networking in broadband and mobile networks. Communications, 1996. ICC 96, Conference Record, Converging Technologies for Tomorrow's Applications. 1996 IEEE International Conference (pp. 245 - 249). Dallas, TX : IEEE. RoIP. (2009). RoIP Technologies. Retrieved November 01, 2009, from http://roip.com/ Sato, G., Asahizawa, D., Kawano, Y., & Shibata, Y. (2009). Disaster Information Network by Cognitive Radio LANs. 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (pp. 879-883). Bradford, United Kingdom : IEEE. Shriram, R., & Sugumaran, V. (2007). Adaptive Middleware Architecture for Information Sharing on Mobile Phones. Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing (pp. 800-804). Seoul, Korea: ACM New York, NY, USA. Tatum, M. (2009). What is M-Commerce? Retrieved November 01, 2009, from Wisegeek.com: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-m-commerce.htm TechTarget. (2003, September 10). Mobile Computing. Retrieved November 01, 2009, from TechTarget.com: http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci214590,00.html Varshney, U. (2007). Pervasive healthcare and wireless health monitoring. Mobile Networks and Applications , Volume 12 Issue 2-3 , 113 - 127. Wang, J., Song, Z., Lei, P., & Sheriff, R. (2005). Design and Evaluation of M-Commerce Applications. Communications, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference (pp. 745-749). Perth, WA: IEEE. Zheng, Q., Hong, X., & Ray, S. (2004). Recent Advances in Mobility Modeling for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Research. Proceedings of the 42nd annual Southeast regional conference (pp. 70-75). Huntsville, Alabama : ACM New York, NY, USA . Read More