Organizational Behavior in a Negative or Positive Manner - Essay Example

Organizational Behavior in a Negative or Positive Manner Introduction Organizational Behavior can be defined as the study of human behavior in the organization. It helps to create an interface between human behavior and the organization itself. There are three levels in organizational behavior. The first level indicates the individuals in an organization. This level is known as micro level. The second level indicates the work group which also can be called as meso-level. The final or 3rd level is organization’s own behavior which is known as macro level. Many experts in human resource have recognized that people behave in a different way when they are playing role in the organization than their actual behavior outside the organization. This study indicates the behavior of employees within the organization while they are playing their professional role. Organizational behavior helps to draw the organizational as well as industrial psychology. Key elements of organization’s behavior are people, structure, technology, environment and many other external elements. This is required for improving job performance, increasing job satisfaction, encouraging leadership, promoting innovation etc. Management will adopt various techniques to evaluate the performance, modify salary and compensation structure by using this method. There are positive and negative sides also. Benefits of organizational behavior are it is systematic study of attitude and action of people within organization. Managers can do proactive work in effective and efficient way by using this method etc. on the other hand managing work force diversity, improving quality and productivity through the existing manpower, responding to globalization etc are few challenges for using this method. Type of culture Culture can be defined as such kind of behavior that is cultivated and transmitted socially. It includes knowledge, values, religion, beliefs, relation, roles, meanings, concepts of the universe, material possessions etc. Different types of culture are pluralism, dualism, salad blow, pragmatic culture, normative culture, academic culture, club culture etc. For example it can be said that in pragmatic culture management will focus only on the customer’s satisfaction. In normative culture management of the company is strict and rigid about the company’s guidelines, rules and regulations. Three major types of culture are discussed below: Pluralism- In this culture smaller groups of individuals try to maintain their unique culture identity and their value, culture, identities are related to broader culture and tradition. There are multiple cultures existing in this type and no one is dominating the other culture. This helps to remove all kind of discrimination in the form of sexism and racialism. Human differences are accepted in this culture without raising any kind of protests. Dualism- This indicates that there are two cultures exist within the organization. Salad Blow- It is a combination of many cultures. But these cultures are not merged with each other. Each culture maintains its own vale and distinct qualities. These cultures are staying together just like salad ingredients. The former company Wal-Mart has pluralism culture. There are so many different cultured employees who belong to small groups but they will also maintain a universe culture for all. All the employees of this company are working together to achieve the common goals of the business. Here dualism culture does not exist at all. Salad blow culture is also absent here because employees are merged as the business is related to supply chain management (Sing, 2009). Modes of communication Communication can be defined as an activity for exchanging information, ideas, emotions, attitudes, expectations, commands etc. There are two traditional mode of communication. Those are written and verbal communication. Email is the example of written communication. Company can maintain relation with clients and customers through email. Email is granted as an evidence of taking any important decision related to business activities. A company can use social media also for the written communication with the customers and society at large. Wal-Mart also uses the above mentioned scope. Verbal communication is primarily known as oral communication which is very much essential within the organization. Otherwise goals and objectives of the business will not be clear to the employees of that organization. If management take any complicated strategy to face the complex situation in the market then at first the strategy and related activities should be clear to the all concerned ends. So this can be said that verbal communication is very much important in an organization. Again if workers are facing any kind of problem in the operational activities then they also have to communicate with the managerial level regarding that issue (French, 2011). Verbal communication makes the process in a quick and less time consuming way. Visual advertisement also is an effective way to inform about the product. Wal-Mart develops its communication through direct mail, radio, internet and television. Here direct mail and internet come under the written communication and radio and television come under verbal communication. Both modes of communications are important for the growth of the business. There are wide range of customers who will follow radio and television. So the company can attract those customers through oral communication. The company can attract few selective but quality customers through direct mail. Internet is used for mass as there is scope to place order through online and getting the detailed description about the product and services. For example- If Wal-Mart wants to open a new retail shop at new location then the company will communicate this message through internet and electronic media. Nature of authority The word authority can be defined as power or governing body on some special areas. It can be said that nature of authority is a quality of organization and its management which helps to maintain the authoritative power. This is based on formal position and it holds the activities of organization. Nature of authority of Wal-Mart is very friendly. The management has the control on the entire business operation but there is no rigidity and no strict direction towards the employees. Their nature of authority based on four decisions. A) Employees can understand the communication which the management wants to say. B) At the time of taking decision management will involve the employees for getting suggestion and also apply those suggestions for better work. The decision and suggestion should be consistent with the objectives and purpose of the communication (Aquinas, 2006). C) Employees should be mentally and physically able to comply with the authority. D) Employees will believe that the authority will protect their personal interests also. For example Wal-Mart wants to launch a new item in their retail store. So at first the management will take feedback from the sales persons that how much demand is there in the market for this particular product. If sales persons suggest that there is huge demand and the demand will be more increased after launching the product then the management can take final decision about it. This company ranked in position of 62 in the 100 top core brand power ranking. It also holds 9th position in Brand Finance Global 500. It holds number one position in the most valuable U.S. retail brand. So it can be said that the social rank is quite good and earned lots of good reputation in the market. Motivational techniques Motivation of employees is basically the psychological forces which help to determine the employee’s behavior, determination, loyalty and providing effort towards the organizational work. Wal-Mart generally uses some of the motivational techniques which have intrinsic or extrinsic value to influence performance and productivity. Intrinsic motivation comes from the inside of an employee. For example- if an employee wants to do any important work after the official hour and without getting any personal benefit then this is called intrinsic motivation. In such case the employee really wants to help the company from the core of his heart. In such case employees enjoy their job challenges and they are mentally and personally satisfied from the organization’s behavior. They have genuine interest to do well for the betterment of the organization. Extrinsic motivation can be defined as that kind of motivation which is directed by the external factors (Ranganayakulu, 2005). These external factors include salary, bonus, incentive, promotion, reward etc. Employees always expect some return for their hard work. Wal-Mart is using both the techniques to influence the employees for doing better work in the company. In this case they use some policy to motivate the employees in intrinsic way. Management will give the power of acknowledgement which means focus on doing praise, positive feedback etc. Sometimes they take the decisions of employees and motivate them to provide more right decisions in future. Extrinsic motivation will focus on the security of the employee’s personal life. For example- If an employee gives more than 10 hours time in the retail outlet of Wal-Mart and do not get proper salary to give a comfort life to his family then he will be de-motivated and will move to other better job. So here it can be said that extrinsic motivation is also required for employees. Areas of EQ Emotional quotient (EQ) is one kind of measurement which is used to measure emotional intelligence. This is nothing but the ability to monitor the emotions of employees. A manager can judge how much capacity an employee has to take work pressure or how much amount of salary an employee can demand by using this method. EQ plays an important role to control the thoughts and actions of employees in the situation basis. The monitor will discriminate the different emotions and use this as information to guide and direct behavior and thinking of the employees. There are five areas of EQ which is applied by the management of Wal-Mart. These five areas are- self awareness and self control, empathy, personal influence, social expertness and mastery of vision and purpose. Self awareness is the ability to recognize the emotions of employees and its effect. Self confidence is also related with self awareness. It defines the sureness about self worth and capacities. For example if the company reduce the hike % in the present year then it will badly affect the employee’s emotion as the employees have the self confidence that they doing well for the organization and they are eligible to get a good % of hike in their salary package. Empathy is the ability to understand the emotional make up of employees. Political awareness, understanding others, developing others, service orientations etc. are come under the empathy. Self control helps to control the anxiety, depression and anger of employees. It is a good sign to take innovative and steady steps at the time of crisis (Nelson and Cooper, 2007). Virtual elements Virtual elements include virtual offices, e-working and tele-working. These are generally used for providing services by any company. Virtual office concept reduces the traditional office cost but the company can maintain business professionalism through it. Communication services such as voicemail, phone answering services etc can be provided to the customers. In case of this particular company, it can be said that there is no scope to use all these virtual elements. As the company is not the service provider company so this kind of facilities will not help to enhance the business. Wal-Mart requires a complete work place with full settlements. Otherwise process of business will be hampered. Service through voice mail or virtual assistant is not enough to meet the customer’s expectation. Tele working is also referred to give suggestion over the telephone which is not required for this company. Conclusion At the part of conclusion this can be clearly stated that Wal-Mart has adopted several methods to improve the organizational behavior. The corporate culture influences the employees and they have a good perspective about the vision, philosophy, values and goals of the organization. The work life in Wal-Mart will also motivated employees to do better and hard work. Management is successful to control the emotions of employees and to motivate them towards quality work by providing psychological and monetary support. Company understands the job satisfaction level of employees and do fair judgment in case of giving reward and promotion. They help the employees for personal development and growth within the organization. References Aquinas, P. (2006). Organization Behavior. London: Excel Books India. French, R. (2011). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Nelson, D. and Cooper, C. (2007). Positive Organizational Behavior. London: Pine Forge Press. Ranganayakulu, K. (2005). Organizational Behavior. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. Sing, K. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Text and Cases. 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