The Human Respiratory System - Research Paper Example

Exercise & Respiration” Introduction: The human Respiratory system encompasses nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveolar ducts. When the working of respiratory system is considered to execute a study, it also includes the blood and cardiovascular system; the tracheobronchial tree encompassing heart, blood vessels carrying blood from and to the heart from and to the lungs and hence maintaining the general circulation. It is essential to maintain the normal metabolic process carried out by oxygen in body cells, where energy is released by breakdown of carbohydrates and carbon di-oxide is liberated which is eliminated out by the respiratory system in conjunction with circulatory system, in the process water is also released as a waste product. It is evident that various factors govern the breathing rate of an individual. They encompass health of an individual, lung capacity, level of activities performed, the altitude and other atmospheric conditions etc. When these activities are enhanced it directly affects the respiration rate and the situation becomes normal after the revival period. It is therefore essential to have a revival period after exercise. The current study encompasses the measurement of changes that occur with the expansion and relaxation of chest cavity and thereby measuring the blood pressure, air intake capacity and heart beat (Take my Breath Away). (http://www.pasco.com/biology/experiments/online/take-my-breath-away.cfm) Research question: The variables are determined with respect to the short-term effect of different levels of exercise on blood pressure and pulse rate. Hypothesis: when physical activities are enhanced it directly affects the heart rate as body demands more supply of oxygen to burn the carbohydrate and produce energy which directly influences the heart rate as heart pumps more blood to the body which in turn affects the breathing rate as lungs supply oxygen and purifies the blood enabling heart to pump purified or oxygenated blood at faster pace. It is hypothesized that due to exercise blood pressure and pulse rate would rise and will significantly rise when the intensity of exercise is increased and will take longer duration to for revival. Variables: the three most common parameters studied are- heart beat, blood pressure, and air intake capacity. Materials & Methods Materials: Volunteers of same age, gender and almost proportionate weight were asked to perform three way exercise- walk a lap, run a lap, sprinted a lap. Method: the blood pressure was measured with the help of digital blood pressure or pulse cuff. The readings of these parameters were taken before the exercise, instantly after the exercise and at customary intervals for at least 30 minutes. To measure the lung capacity, volume measuring plastic bags was used. The method involves the use of plastic bags bearing constant volume with an opening to allow flow interaction with the lungs. The method involves determination of initial air pressure flow before interaction with lungs. Then subsequently, the lung capacity is measured at each stage, with a calculation based on the known constant container volume. A co-relation could be established between the capacity of lungs heart beat and blood pressure. Data Raw data: the data was collected with three constraints under consideration. Uncertainty: time is very important factor if there is a lapse of time while conducting the study, then the individual may get time for revival and there may occur a change in readings. Presentation: it is therefore important to conduct the study in a group of 2-4 members so that there is no time lag to procure the most correct data. Records for Walk a lap activity Individuals name Age Sex Heart rate Before After Blood pressure Before After Air intake capacity Before After I II Records for Run a lap activity Individuals name Age Sex Heart rate Before After Blood pressure Before After Air intake capacity Before After I II Records for Sprint a lap activity Individuals name Age Sex Heart rate Before After Blood pressure Before After Air intake capacity Before After I II Processing data: data must be processed either manually or graphically or computationally. Results: It is established with the results procured in the present study that exercise elevates blood pressure as well as pulse rate. When the individuals were at rest the blood pressure was normal but when the individuals were allowed to walk, the blood pressure and pulse rate increased and when they were allowed to run the pulse rate jumped two folds as compared to that recorded immediately after walking. The systolic and diastolic pressure increased to 2- 2.5 folds as compared to records after running when individuals were allowed to sprint a lap. On the other hand the revival time also enhanced after sprinting as compared to walking. It was noticed that after walking the blood pressure and heart rate returned to normal after thirty minutes duration but this was not the case when the individuals were allowed to run and sprinted (Roth). Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that the hypothesis is true in many aspects and there is a direct co-relation between exercise intensity and blood pressure as well as heart rate. Discussion: It is imperative to understand that the diet plays a very important role and accuracy of the experiment would increase when these factors are controlled and therefore for further accuracy and to establish the hypothesis it is essential that prolonged duration verses short duration studies be conducted (Roth). Modification in lung ventilation, incidence of respiratory movements, heart rate, and blood pressure of arterial blood was worked out. It was established that there was a diminished correlation in lung ventilation and pulse and respiratory rate on the other hand with repeated exercise it was found that restoration period also decreases. Evaluation: The impact of this study lies in the fact that it is going to create the safe means of exercise methodology for healthy lifestyles. Since with regular exercise the restoration time or the revitalization time is decreased the stamina of the individual enhanced displaying the more activity could be sustained. It is therefore this study is imperative to advocate the routine exercise as a part of daily routine. References: Roth, A., Roth N., Blood in Action: The Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate. Available at http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2005/Projects/J1023.pdf . [Accessed on 8th March 2010]. Take my Breath Away. Available at http://www.pasco.com/biology/experiments/online/take-my-breath-away.cfm [Accessed on 8th March 2010]. Read More