Misbehavior of a Child and Eating of Candy - Essay Example

Statement

Inductive/Deductive

Explanation

Pre-existing evidence is used to generalize that eating candy creates misbehavior

Deductive

This statement is deductive because the conclusion is derived from a pre-existing theory.

Misbehavior of a specific child is blamed on the eating of candy

Inductive

This statement is inductive since we first observed the behavior of the child and then came into the part of misbehavior, which is a theoretical concept.

A prediction is made from a hypothesis

Deductive

The statement depicts the core part of deduction theory itself. It is a characteristic of deduction theory.

Evidence is analyzed to create a hypothesis

Inductive

Here, at first, we are observing and then we are making a hypothesis. Therefore, it is inductive.

Knowledge of experimental designs is used to evaluate a specific design

Deductive

This statement is deductive as

we have existing knowledge about the experimental design and based on that knowledge we are evaluating a specific design.

 Q 2.

Statement

Inductive/Deductive

Explanation

This rock is not alive

 Inductive

We have made this statement based on our observation.

This rock does not grow (i.e., grows refers to living organisms)

Deductive

This statement is deductive because here we have a pre-existing theory of living organisms and we are comparing it with the characteristics of rock.

Rocks do not grow (i.e., grows refers to living organisms)

Deductive

This statement is deductive because here also we have a pre-existing theory.

 Q 3. (a)

The egg can be seen as a small model of the Earth and the shell can be taken as the crust of Earth. When we will break the shell, it will represent the mantle of Earth. The pieces around the shell move in the broken egg. The same thing happens in the case of Earth also. Researcher Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of Continental Drift, which is also based on the same idea.

Q 3: (b)

The continental drift theory was rejected because the theory could not explain the processes behind the continent movement. Alfred Wegener was accused of being diplomatic in presenting the theory. His theory aimed to discuss the concept openly. Therefore, Wegener did not present the theory as a proven fact.

Q 4:

There are some objects, which can float in saltwater but not in freshwater. Whether an object will sink or float, entirely depends on the relative density of the fluid itself. In the universe, everything is made of molecules. Density can be described through the concept of molecules. Some objects are packed densely and some other objects are packed loosely. This concept is called density. Now the objects that are made of tightly packed molecules will sink in low-density liquid. The opposite will happen for the objects, which are made up of loosely packed molecules.

I have experimented in my home with an egg. I observed that the egg was placed in the freshwater sink immediately but it floated in salt water. I have done another experiment with a metallic spoon. In this experiment, also spoon floated in saltwater but sank in tap water. The next experiment was on metallic pen. The result of this experiment also gave the same result. The metallic pen floated in salt water but sink into the fresh water.

Q 5:

Explanation of Salt Erosion:

Figure 1 Source: (Discovercreation.org)

Throughout the world, water and wind, usually erode about 20 billion tons of rock debris and dirt from the continents and deposit them into the seafloor. On average, there are 1300 feet of sediment beneath the sea. Many processes accelerate this continuous addition of salt and other chemicals into the seas and oceans. The most common chemicals are sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) which are dissolved in the water easily. These chemicals are the basic constituents of salt which is sodium chloride. According to research, the ocean restrains around 1370 million cubic kilometers of water and around 14700 trillion tons of sodium. Every year around 457 million tonnes of sodium dump into the ocean through river transportation, land surface erosion, etc. Sometimes in some specific areas Volcanic dust also dumps some amount of sodium into the water. Erosion of continents is also a major source of sodium and chlorine in the water. The land surfaces are being eroded and weathered constantly by raining or water falling over them. Through a chemical process like ion exchange, sodium, and chlorine formulated sodium chloride. Therefore, we can conclude from here that over time oceans get saltier.

Q 6:

Name of Animal:

Mytilus

Size:

0.6 cm-45.0 cm

Color:

Usually black or deep blue.

Kingdom :

Animalia

Species:

Mytilus sp.

Physical Traits:

1.     Vascular inter lamellar junctions present in gill

2.     Variable hinge

3.     Siphon absent

4.     Foot is cylindrical

5.     Shell is marked with lines of growth

6.     Unequal adductor muscles

7.     Marine animal

Name of Animal:

Indian Pearl Oyster

Size:

1cm-35 cm

Color:

Range of colors

Kingdom:

Animalia

Species:

Pinctada sp.

Physical Traits:

1.     Vascular inter lamellar junctions present in gill

2.     Variable hinge

3.     Siphon absent

4.     Umbo is rounded and narrow

5.     Byssus threads present

6.     Shell valves are unequal in size

7.     Marine animal

Mytilus sp. and Pinctada sp. are from the same kingdom Animalia and order Anisomyaria but from different families and species. Mytilus sp. belongs to the Mytilidae family and Pinctada sp. is from the Pteriidae family.

Name of Animal:

Sea Lily

Size:

60 cm

Color:

Range of colors

Kingdom:

Animalia

Species:

Antedon sp.

Physical Traits:

1.     Ambulacra developed like a spoke of a wheel

2.     There are 10 arms

3.     Tube feet present

4.     Shape of the calyx is dicyclic

5.     Mouth & anus are both on the aboral side.

6.     Marine animal

Name of Animal:

Electric Ray

Size:

22 feet

Color:

Range of colors

Kingdom:

Animalia

Species:

Torpedo sp.

Physical Traits:

1.     Ventral gill slits present

2.     Electric organ present

3.     Spiracles present behind the eyes

4.     Nasofrontal lobe is quadrangular in shape

5.     Scales absent

6.     Semicircular disc-shaped body