Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientist of All Time - Essay Example

Introduction to Astronomy of Introduction to Astronomy Answer It will not be incorrectto state that the development in the field of astronomy would not have been possible without the contribution of Isaac Newton. Isaac Newton gave the gravitational force theory which was not known earlier. He made it clear that movements of planets in the orbits can easily be observed with the help of gravitation. Isaac Newton was the first one to explain that without gravity objects can fall on the ground. Also, Isaac Newton invented the reflective telescope which made it possible for the astronomers to observe the movements of objects in space. it can be said that he had been the first one to give a base of understanding the role of force and its relationship with gravitational force which allows astronomers to read the intensity of movements of elements of astronomy (Anderson 2008). Answer 2: There is an evident difference between the ground based telescopes and space telescopes. In other words, it can be said that the telescopes in the space are much advantageous because they can send sharp and countless images to the earth which in return help scientists to predict different energies and movement of earth. Comparatively, ground based telescopes cannot present images which are sharp because of the environmental turbulence in the air on earth. Also, ground based telescope are set in an elevated manner which cannot work in case there is increased pollution in the environment. It is because of this reason that telescope in the space are considered as most advantageous (Hardy 1998). Answer 3: The achievements of the Mars rover exploration project was that it helped finding out that there is no life expectancy on the planet mars as there was no presence of water on the planet. Considering water as the main exploration element on the planet mars points out that any living organism cannot survive if there is no presence of water. Secondly, the mars exploration project was set up so that closer yet effective imagery can be taken to understand the patterns on the soil or rocs present on the planet. This was merely needed because it could allow scientists to observe if there was any presence of water years ago if not present in the contemporary time. The opportunities made possible by this project were this robotic invention allowed humans to check each and every particle present on the planet mars (Rusch 2008). Answer 4: Living organisms have always been studied and researched by categorizing them into categories. These categories together made up systems. The oldest system for the classification of living organisms was five kingdoms system in which living organisms were classified into animals, plants, fungi, protists and monera. Later on, this system was amended and changed into three domains in which living organisms were classified as Eukarya, bacteria and archaea. The main features of the new classification system are that living organisms which were termed as animals, plants and fungi are now being classified as Eukarya. It should be noted that the reason behind classifying the living organisms in different systems is because they their characteristics have shown dissimilarities in their respective traditional groups. It is because of this reason that classification has taken place. This amendment also included monera or prokaryotic organisms are now considered to have separate classified groups namely bacteria and archaea (Lewis 2010). Answer 5: It has been predicted that the Jupiter’s moons have hidden ocean beneath the icy surface. This has been marked with the evidence of the NASA’s coverage doe with the help of Galileo spacecraft. As a matter of fact, planning is underway to gauge the truth about the prediction and evidence regarding the ocean present beneath the icy surface of the Jupiter’s moon. Experiment has to be undertaken by NASA Europa Orbiter mission which will make use of the electromagnetic waves on the orbit. It is being predicted that various tests will be undertaken to find out the depth of the water and thickness of the ice. This will allow humans to make machines which can go beyond the icy surface and explore the presence of water. This will be done with the help of flux guns which will be shooting electron layers. A similar experiment has been undertaken by taking thick layers of ice in which the photon flux was also noted (Greenberg 2005). Answer 6: Different scientists have made use of several instruments and apparatus to measure radial velocity of stars. But notably, these apparatus had instrumental errors which made it difficult to deduce the actual wavelengths and other variables to find out the radial velocity. It is merely because the motion of the star away or towards the subject is different. The most accurate instrument which has been used till now is spectroscope which is 36 inches in measurement and is able to apply Doppler Effect so that accurate radial velocity of stars can be found out (Mills 1994). The purpose of using Doppler Effect is to measure the motion of the object while going away or coming towards us. The Doppler Effect is basically a framework or equation that allows calculation of subject and object going away in a stationary motion or coming towards each other. Answer 7: Planets present in the inner solar system also known as terrestrial planets including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars etc. are considered to be smaller in sizes while planets in the outer space also known as Jovian planets are larger in size. Differentiation between both types of planet is in terms of the elements and material of which these planets were made of. Planets in the inner space of the solar system are hotter for which ice cannot be condensed from the gas which in result took aid o the heavy chemicals. It should also be noted that the amount of the solid material was lesser for which these planets are smaller in sizes. Lighter elements are made up of solid elements while larger planets have icy surface as they are made up of H and He gas. The increased sizes of these planets are merely because ice could condense. High abundance of hydrogen element resulted in building of planets in larger size which was touched up by sufficient gravity resulting in thick layer of hydrogen and helium gas (Mills 1994). Answer 8: Stromatolites are noted as the part of oldest reefs which are the oldest form of fossils which enabled the scientists to get information regarding the history of earth. The fossils are noted to have different traces of biomass which are needed in the development of human life. This may include oxygen, nitrogen etc. which makes it easier to understand as to how old human life has been on the planet earth. These can be noted as the oldest form of earth life analysis because they have the power to recycle atomic ingredients. Stromatolites are further divided into different types (Hardy 1998). List of References Anderson, M., 2008. Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientist of All Time. New York: Enslow Publishers. Greenberg, R., 2005. Europa – The Ocean Moon: Search For An Alien Biosphere. New York: Springer. Hardy, J., 1998. Adaptive Optics for Astronomical Telescopes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lewis, M., 2010. Classification of Living Organisms. San Francisco: The Rosen Publishing Group. Mills, H., 1994. Practical Astronomy: A User-Friendly Handbook for Skywatchers. Washington DC.: Woodhead Publishing. Rusch, E., 2008. The Mighty Mars Rovers: The Incredible Adventures of Spirit and Opportunity. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Read More