American Art and Architecture - Essay Example

American Art and Architecture expressionism expressionism is applied to a drive in American painting which flourished between 1940s and 1950s; it can also be referred to as the School of New York or very narrowly as the Action Painting, even though it was first created in relation to the effort of to the VasilyKandinky around 1929. The major works of the cohort of artists energetic in New York since1940s and viewed as the Abstract Expressionists repel the definition as a style of cohesive; they ranges from the unbroken field color of Barnett Newman to the Willem de Kooning’s fierce holding of figure (Temkin, Ann, 66). They were connected by apprehension with the fluctuating degrees of abstraction used in conveying robust emotional or communicative content. Even though the term chiefly represents a minor core of painters, Abstract Expressionist features are also evident in the sculpture of the David Smith, Ibram Lassaw among others, Aaron Siskind photography and the painting of the Mark Tobey including the works of minor famous artists which includes Lee Krasner and the Bradley (Temkin, Ann, 66). However, most of the Abstract Expressionists were against critical labels and communal, if everything, only the common sense of ethical purpose and American society alienation. The Abstract Expressionism has nothing been understood as particularly American style since of its courtesy to the bodily immediacy of the paint; it has been viewed as extension of the Romantic custom of the magnificent. It irrefutably became American first visual art to achieve status of international and influence (Temkin, Ann, 66). Pop Art Pop Art can be defined as an art movement that appears in the mid of 1950s in Britain and late 1950s in the U.S. The movement was authoritatively inaugurated by Lawrence Alloway in his article. Pop art resulted to a challenge to the custom of fine art by the inclusion of imagery from the common culture which includes news, advertising among others. In pop art, material can be visually eliminated from its setting, isolated or it can be mixed with unrelated material (Shanes, Eric, 45). The pop art concept denotes not as abundant to the skill itself as to the height that resulted to it. Pop art engages the mass culture aspects which includes comic books, advertising and ordinary cultural objects. It is majorly interpreted as a response to the then leading concepts of abstract expressionism, including development upon them. Due to the use of found objects and photos it is the same as Dada (Shanes, Eric, 45). The objective of pop art is to employ general images as opposed to exclusive culture in art, highlighting the kitschy or banal basics of any assumed culture, most frequently by the use of satire. It can also be associated with the utilization of mechanical ways of rendering or reproduction techniques by the artist. Pop art is taken to be an art of drive that head postmodern art or some of the examples given earlier of the postmodern art. Pop art frequently takes as its images which are currently used as advertising. Product logos and labeling figure are conspicuously noted in the images chosen by pop artists such as Andy Wahol and Campbell Soup Can. Pop art as a subject of matter also been used in the labeling on the delivery box which contains retails items (Shanes, Eric, 45). New realism/ Photo realism The word photorealism was invented by the Louis K Meisei around 1969 and printed for the first time in Whitney Museum catalogue in 1970 for the show of twenty two realists. Two years later Louis K Meisei came up with five-point meaning as requested by the Stuart M. Speiser who bespoke a large collection of works by the photorealist, which later resulted into itinerant show referred to as photo-realism in 1973. The collection of Stuart M Speiser which was offered to the Smithsonian in 1978 was displayed in several museums (Stremmel, Kerstin & UtaGrosenick, 38). The definitions were; photo realist make use of photograph and camera to collect the information, photo-realist uses a powered way for passing information to canvas, photo-realist has to have the practical ability for the finished work to seem photographic. Photorealist painting cannot be in the absence of photograph. In the photorealism, alteration and drive must be frozen in time which must then be precisely signified by the artist. Photorealist collect their images and information using the photograph and the camera. Once the photograph is industrialized the artist the artists steadily transfer the image from the slide of photographic into canvases (Stremmel, Kerstin & UtaGrosenick, 38). This is usually done by using either old grid techniques or bulging slide into canvas. The first cohort of the American photorealist is painters such as Robert Bechtle, Chuck Close, Richard Estes, Tom Blackwell and John Baeder. They effectively work individually of each other and broadly dissimilar starting points, these unique photorealist regularly tackle ordinary or familiar subjects in old art genres portraits, still life and landscapes. Even though the drive is chiefly associated majorly in paintings, John De Andrea and Duane Hanson are the sculptors related to the photorealism for their painted, lifelike sculptures of average individuals that were comprehensive with the fake hair and real clothes. They are known as verists (Stremmel, Kerstin & UtaGrosenick, 38). .Why John Russell Pope was an influential American Architect John Russell Pope is taken as of the America’s finest mainly significant classical architect this is due to his projects that dates from 1910to 1937. Almost all John early design was very large places of residence for powerful bankers, businesspersons and other prominent individual. His major work were in Georgian, Italian Renaissance Federal and the 18th century styles in French, his buildings were portrayed as setting a new standard by getting archaeological accuracy while teaching the qualities of livability needed by most Americans (Rosenfeld& Lucy 27). John’s buildings despite the style that they were having were similarly stylish in the materials and design. His affinity for the design which normal clearly displayed his Federal and Georgian buildings; his Tudor buildings, which includes his own place of residence in Newport were probably the best and correctly seen in the set up of the United States of America during that period (Rosenfeld& Lucy 27). In 1910 John’s practice develops to include places of worship which were four notable, significant commercial structure which is Union Station in Richmond found in Virginia and master plan the for five universities and colleges which are John Hopkins, Hunter, Yale, Dartmouth and Syracuse. But it was his monumental public structures which truly characterizes John’s work on which his status rest. These buildings displayed his pope’s adherence to the classical tradition and show his faith that roots of monumental architecture has to be in ancient Greece or the Rome. Some of his works includes National Gallery of Art, Constitution halls, Jefferson memorial, National Achieves and the Scottish Temple in the Washington, D. C; the Fredrick collection and Metropolitan Museum of Art in the new York; the sculpture hall and Duveen sculpture Gallery at the British Museum both found in London; mansion for Marshall Field and the Vanderbilts (Rosenfeld& Lucy 27) . Why Alfred Stieglitz was an influential American Photographer? Alfred Stieglitz returns to the America in 1890, and became a member of advocate for the Pictorial School of photography in which pictures was taken as a legitimate artist form of expression. In 1896 he became a member in the New York where he managed and edited the camera note. He left the club six years and established a photo-secession collection in 1902 and this influential work of camera in periodically (Clarke, 45). He provide space for the group the exhibition that he founded in the New York the first 1903 as the of Stieglitz’s three galleries, The small Galleries of Photo-Secession, which was later known as the Gallery 291. In 1907, Stieglitz began to show the labor of other artists in European and American, creation the gallery a hinge of modernism. Being the Gallery director, Stieglitz offered emotional and intellectual nourishment to young modernists, both artists and photographers (Clarke, 45). Stieglitz’s Gallery 291 befall a locus for the swap of critical views and notional philosophical opinion in the arts, whereas his journal on camera work turn out to be a forum for beginning of new aesthetic hypothesis by the Europeans and American artists, writers and critics. After the closure of Gallery 291 by Stieglitz in 1922, he started his sequence of cloud shoot, which stood for the conclusion of his theories on novelty and photography. In december1925, Stieglitz opened the Intimate Gallery, and in January, 1925 Duncan Phillips bought his works from him. Stieglitz opened a gallery by the name American Place, which he operated till his death (Clarke,45) . Reference Temkin, Ann. Abstract Expressionism at the Museum of Modern Art: Selections from the Collection. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2010. Print. Shanes, Eric. Pop Art. New York, NY: Parkstone, 2009. Internet resource. Stremmel, Kerstin, and UtaGrosenick. Realism. Köln: Taschen, 2006. Print. Rosenfeld, Lucy D. Art on Sight: The Best Art Walks in and Near New York City. Countryman Press, 2013. Print. Clarke, Graham. Alfred Stieglitz. London: Phaidon, 2006. Print. Read More