Sustainable Tourism: Esplanade Mall - Case Study Example

Running Header: Sustainable Tourism Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institution: Course Code: Date of Submission: Title Report Case study: Esplanade Mall Executive summary This report was commissioned with primary purpose of studying the concept of sustainable tourism with reference to the case of Esplanade mall in Singapore. This report has managed to describe in length the evolution of the concept and the reason as to why it was introduced to replace mass tourism. The report has established that climate change and its effects have been as a result of human activities where mass tourism is one of them. The methodology that was used to assess the situation at Esplanade involved observation and survey strategies. This was considered more important because they allowed the researcher to get fast hand information on three main indicators of sustainable tourism which include economical, environmental and social-cultural factors. The observation had revealed that there are different economic activities that are being carried out at Esplanade in order to ensure sustainable economic development. Environmentally, the planners at Esplanade have managed to encourage the introduction of energy efficiency methods so as to save energy as an important resource. Esplanade is on the way to going paperless in order to reduce the demand for trees which help attain carbon neutrality. In terms of social-cultural, the site has managed to develop and preserve the country’s important heritage. Finally, the report has managed to pose some of the recommendations that are important in enhancing sustainable tourism at Esplanade. 1.0 Introduction Esplanade theatre is located along Singapore River. The theatre is constructed in a 7 hectare plot of land next to Marina Bay. The theatre has been purposely built to be used as a centre where different art works can be performed and presented for the island country of Singapore. This theatre is famous because of its concert hall which can host up to 2000 performing artists at ago. The centre also contains different sections where different services can be offered. Actually, the centre is one of the busiest art sites of the world (Bramwell and Lane 1993). A variety of services are offered within the mall as one way of ensuring that a variety of customer needs are taken into consideration. This can be demonstrated from the large number of people who flock into the mall not only from the local but also from all parts of the world. The mall is actually able to host over 14 and other 20 on-going series of events each year (Diary 2011). This is done primarily to create appeal for different types of audiences. However, with the increase in the number of tourism activities within the area, the environmentalists are real concerned about environmental, social and economic sustainability for the area. This is the primary reason this report was commissioned to establish the level of sustainability with regard to economical, environmental and social indicators. The Esplanade mall, on the hand had been established as part of the government initiative of the government of Singapore to be used as a tourist site. This is because the venue is used to host visitors from sorts of live who come to view the great culture that is portrayed by the Singapore people. Entry fees and revenue generated by tourist who come to the venue is a symbol that is used to demonstrate how the place is a used a tourist destination apart from preserving and promoting the country’s culture. 2.0 Literature review The evolvement of sustainable tourism can be well understood by looking at it from the point of management perspective in respect to chronological development in sustainable tourism. The concept can be established from economic point of view whereby tourism activities were being carried out without due consideration to the environment (Kelly and Williams 2007). The evolution of sustainable tourism is dated as back as 1980s when numerous international conferences were held to determine the effect of mass tourism to the environment and sustainable development. Bramwell and Lane (1993), trace sustainable tourism to as early as 1973 according to the release on Ecological Principles for Economic Development (Dasmann et al 1973). The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) had reflected on some of the same procedures for development managers in its release of the World Conservation Strategy (Rojas and Camarero 2008). Sustainable tourism had received more support during the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Statement of Principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (Hall and Lew 2000). Since then, sustainable tourism has seen numerous advancements for a number of reasons. One of the main reasons that sustainable tourism has continued to gain more popularity now and again is its ability to ensure that while natural resources are used for generating income, environmental, social and economical implications are taken into consideration. Global warming and climate change have been seen as the major areas that are at more risk from the activities of mass tourism. Different activities have had diverse effects on climate change which has then resulted into global warming. In the recent years the earth has continued to warm up and there has been scientific evidence that relate this phenomenon to human activities. The change in climate has continued to pose great danger to all living organisms on earth (Coulter et al 2008). Since most indigenous and special species cannot sustain these changes in climate they have succumbed and now the question if whether in the future there will be tourism or not. Environmentalists are of the view that climate change is the greatest threat of all that is facing mankind in the 21st century. In the recent past, the world has experienced increased temperatures and extremes of weather patterns. This trend has enhanced global dimming whereby less heat and energy can reach the earth (Buckley 2003). A good example of this effect is when serious droughts struck Ethiopia during the 1970s and 1980s when millions of people died. Tackling global dimming without taking into consideration the existence of greenhouse gas emissions, the threat of ecological disasters is still eminent and this can be seen from the case of European heat wave of 2003 which show thousands of people die (Jafari and Wall 2007). To avoid these disasters in the future, there is need to engage in carbon trading in order tor reduce the carbon emitted to the environment. On the other hand preservation of natural resources like water bodies and plants can play a very big role in ensuring carbon neutrality as argued by Benetatos (2008). A carbon emission is also considered as a major challenge to realizing carbon neutrality. Carbon emissions are caused by the introduction of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases such as greenhouse gases into the air. A carbon emission is major cause of global warming (Harris and Leiper 1995). Once the environment has been tampered with more especially from the increased burning of fuels, more harmful gases are produced into the air. Mass tourism activities such as construction of hotels, roads, beaches and bays, rails and roads to facilitate tourism have led to land bareness (Ioannides 2001). Consequently, this has resulted into a situation where carbon dioxide which is supposed to be absorbed by plants can no longer be, because plants do not exist. Sustainable tourism alongside other management controls such as using of energy efficient buildings, equipment, cars and other products can be a very lucrative method of sustaining development. Producing or buying low carbon products and going green are some of the ways carbon neutrality can be achieved (Jafari and Wall 2007). However, sustainable tourism can be evaluated by looking at various indicators which include economical, environmental and social. This can be determined by looking at ways in which different tourism activities are carried out sacrificing future development. Appropriate tourism forms are expected to have small impact on the environment and the social and cultural life of the community hosting the tourists. The sustainable tourism indicators are important in measuring whether resources are exploited for long term benefits. It is from the tourism indicators that we can ascertain whether carbon neutrality is to be achieved and if social and cultural values are sustained. As a process of ensuring that there is sustainable development, there is always need to ensure that specific indicators have put in place to evaluate how co-ordination is done towards sustainable development. Sustainable tourism indicators have been classified into three major categories namely environmental indicators, economical indicators and social indicators. Recently, the World Tourism Organized urged the use of these indicators (Hurlimann et al 2008). In order to make sure that these indicators are effective, it is the responsibility of the respective managers to ensure that are implemented. These three indicators are demand driven and therefore the people in charged have to respond according in using them to evaluate the extent to which sustainable tourism has been achieved. The sustainable tourism should show clearly what is happening on the ground in terms of economical, environmental and social development. In other words, they have to show the worthiness of a particular tourist destination (Ramseur 2007). 3.0 Approach to the report 3.1 Aims of the report The primary objective of this report is to assess the situation of different tourism activities at Esplanade and determine whether they are relevant to the policy of the government of Singapore in ensuring sustainable development. This assessment will particularly place more emphasis on the carbon neutral activities of the centre in realizing sustainable tourism (Jafari and Wall 2007). 3.2 Direction of the report objectives In realizing the objectives of this report, the task will be to look at Esplanade’s activities and their overall effect to the environment. Basically this site was established by the government of Singapore with a view of enhancing tourism through cultural activities (Weaver 2006). Based on this idea therefore, the evaluation of the activities at Esplanade will be to determine whether these activities can lead to sustainable development and if they are real friendly to the environment within and outside Esplanade (Jafari and Wall 2007). 3.3 Approach to methodology The methodology that was used to assess the situation at Esplanade chose to apply the observation and survey strategy. The survey entailed visiting the mall to ascertain how different activities were performed and the general management strategy towards realizing sustainable tourism. Through the survey the general architecture of the mall was observed. This was to determine how relevant the structure complied with sustainable tourism (Coulter et al 2008). This method was thought to be the best in this case because it was used to relate what the literature about sustainable tourism talks about and the practical situation at the site. Through observation, it is perceived easy to gather fast hand information on how the venture supports the local community in terms of growth and development as its primary objective. Having a look at the site and the surrounding and all the social and economic activities that were being committed by the Site’s planners, created a humble opportunity to determine whether the business was cautious to sustainable development or not (Hurlimann et al 2008). Important factors that were considered during the observation are the infrastructure, the construction itself if it is eco-friendly and the overall strategies used by the business to achieve sustainable tourism. 4.0 Derived indicators In order to determine whether the cultural centre at Esplanade is real sustainable in terms of development, the observation chose to apply three different main indicators to ascertain that. The indicators that were used included economical, environmental and social indicators. The primary aim of using different indicators is to enable the assessors to come up with specific recommendations that will be used by the site planners to ensure that the development of the place is sustained (Benetatos 2008). Appendix 1 below provides the various indicators that were used to asses the site. 4.1 Economic indicators Economic indicators helps determine whether there is any positive impact to the community from the revenue generated. 4.1.2 Business diversity This economic indicator is used to a greater extent to explain how different business activities have been developed at the place in order to achieve sustainable development by diverse demands of the community. Business diversity was assessed using two main indicators namely ability to enhance job variety and reduce vulnerability to economic situations (Esplanade Diary 2011). 4.1.3 Multiplier effect The economic sustainability of the site can also be assessed by looking at the ability of the site to increase the demand on tourism products and services and at the same increase the level of employment by creating more jobs (Ramseur 2007). 4.1.3 Job creation Demand for presentation space at the mall has continued to increase over years. However, the plan for the site has continuously allowed for expansion of the facility to accommodate more demands from the theatre users and retailers who want to establish small shops within the mall. This way the mall has turned into large business hub where a large number have are now self employed (Coulter et al 2008). 4.2 Environmental indicators 4.2.1 Energy efficiency This involves taking appropriate precautionary measures that can be used to save energy. This can be done by reducing the consumption of those products that cannot be recycled. 4.2.2 Waste Management and Recycling This is an environmental indicator which demonstrates the methods that are being used to make proper use of scarce resources such as land. Going paperless is one such method that the environment can be saved (Coulter et al 2008). 4.2.3 Spatial Interactions This is an environmental indicator which is used to asses how different mass tourism activities are programmed so as to ensure proper sharing of the available facilities (Lew and Alan 2008). This is done by giving consideration into Seasonality of events, urban development and shared infrastructures. This explains on how the visitors to the area interact with the locals when their share important facilities such communication, transport and other resources that are found within the area like the sporting grounds in order ensure maximization of scarce resources. In other words, this indicator demonstrated how the services that are found at the mall are shared for common good (Turner and Pearce 2001). 4.3 Social-cultural indicator 4.3.1 Quality of experience and the Service-scape This can be determined by looking at the human factor as demonstrated by the behaviors and attitudes of service employees and local hosts as well as the physical aesthetics of the built and the environment. This is to evaluate the capability of the workers at the site to effectively offer services to the public. 4.3.2 Social Integration between Tourists and Host Community: Engagement and Connectivity This can be done by assessing how the tourism activities at the site can be used to ensure full participation of the community, proper utilization of labor resource, respect for culture and the minimization of the negative impacts of social life. One, this is reflected in the diversity of activities that promote innovation and creativity and second, authenticity of cultural tourism that reflects the representation and quality of art events and related activities that serves to educate and inspire the elements of culture and heritage (Benetatos 2008). 4.3.2 Spatial Temporal Interactions: Social Behavioral Change (Attitudes and Perspectives) These elements are evaluated by taking into account the market synergies and activeness to create awareness among the community on the role of the centre in community development. This is done by looking at three main elements which include the strength of media coverage and support, collaborative marketing efforts and the segmentation of the audience (Lovelock 2002). This indicator was used to evaluate how the visitors’ culture, values and beliefs were welcomed to the community. This was purposely used to ascertain if in any way the local community at esplanade was abandoning their culture for the foreign one. According to UNWTO, spatial interactions are sustained if the local community is able to maintain its culture irrespective of what they see (Mihalic 2008). 5.0 Results This part of the report gives the feedback on the observations that were made at Esplanade with regard to sustainable tourism. Refer to appendix 2 which is a table of the observations from the site. 5.1 Sustainable economic development The observation at this point was directed at ascertaining different activities that are being carried out at Esplanade in order to evaluate whether they are appropriate for the business to sustain its economic performance (UNWTO, 2011). 5.1.1 Business diversity At Esplanade, it was found out during the observation that the Mall has put in place different facilities such as cafes, bars, restaurants and theatres. In addition, at the basement of the mall there are two carparks which have continued to create great appeal for the Groomwerkz Company because of its services (Turner and Pearce 2001). 5.1.2 Multiplier effect At Esplanade, collaboration is a very common strategy that is used to ensure more events are held at the mall through sponsorships. The objective of using sponsorship is to reduce the operational cost at the mall and therefore generate more revenue for the business. 5.1.3 Occupancy rate During the observation at the mall, it was revealed that the centre was real growing and that more and more demand was growing for the site’s services. This reflects how the business is successful. 5.2 Environmental sustainability 5.2.1 Energy Efficiency/Renewal Energy Based on the observation at the site, it was found out that different methods are employed to save energy. However, use of air conditioners to regulate the temperature seems to be more energy consuming (Mihalic 2008). Use of polymer sensors was a positive strategy to saving scarce resources such as power and water. In addition to this, energy saving lamps are being used. 5.2.2 Waste management and recycling Recyclable bins are used at the site instead of paper, plastic and metal products which are very scarce and harmful to the environment. At the restrooms recycled papers are used as towels. At Esplanade, the operations are headed to a paper free environment by using telephones and computers to reduce the demand for papers (Mihalic 2008). 5.2.3 Spatial Interactions: Temporal Constructs At this point the observation was expected to have a look at the infrastructure within and without to establish it is relationship with the development of the site. Even though the place is frequently affected by the closure of the roads and activities at Marina bay, the mall has continued to witness growth over years (Turner and Pearce 2001). 5.3 Social-cultural indicators 5.3.1 Quality experience: The service-scape In and outside Esplanade, it was found out that there were numerous sets of knowledge which have continued to inform the performance and the beautification of the site through high quality art works. 5.3.2 Social Integration between Tourists & Host Community: Engagement & Connectivity The Singapore community in general, has a strong touch of culture and art. This has been directly to the mall and the community around. The community greatly values the element of culture and thus the need to preserve it (UNWTO, 2011). This is the reason as to why the country as a whole is turning into cultural tourism like many other Asian countries. The sustainability of social and cultural life in Singapore has been boosted by the formation of the National Arts Council and the Singapore Tourism Board which sees the establishment and management of tourism sites in the country. 5.3.3 Spatial Interactions: Social Behavioral Change (Attitudes & Perspectives) Primarily, Esplanade was established by the government of Singapore as one way of recognizing its importance in enhancing the quality of life of people through interactions. It was observed that this site has helped in a greater way in binding together the people of Singapore by sharing common values (Benetatos 2008). 6.0 Discussion 6.1 Economic factors According to the observations that were made at Esplanade, it was found out that the management is doing everything possible in ensuring that economic development at the site was sustainable. This was clearly demonstrated by the continuous effort to diversify its business in order to meet ever changing demands of the visitors who come to the site. The establishment of different facilities such as hotels, bars, theatre and restaurants has continued to earn more revenue for the mall. The establishment of two major parking sites is an economic strategy that has enabled the site to persistently generate some revenue even when business is low (Benetatos 2008). The establishment of resting sites near the waterfront and outdoor facilities for different activities has also played a major role in generating more revenue for the business. The management of Esplanade has also managed to establish partnerships with different sponsors in order to make sure that some activities are sponsored by corporate bodies. This strategy is important in that it assists the mall generate more revenue from reduced costs of operation and organizing events. Consequently, this has led to increased returns to the business which has been used for further expansion and creation of more employment (Turner and Pearce 2001). Finally, even though the demand for various services has kept on increasing, the planners have managed to develop a plan which has seen the expansion of various facilities in order to serve the increasing demands and therefore create more business for the mall. 6.2 Environmental factors Based on the information was gathered through observation, it was discovered that even though the management at Esplanade has made several strides towards ensuring that the activities are environmental friendly, there has been some failures here and there. A good example is the use of air-conditioners to regulate the temperatures. This explains how the site has not managed to environmental sustainability. However, use of polymer sensors to switch on and off the power when required, has helped save a lot of energy (Esplanade 2008). It is important to note that the planners are now using those products that can easily be recycled. This has been exhibited by the use of recyclable bins. The Esplanade’s sustainability level is also challenged by regular events take place within and out side the site. These events include Youth Olympics Games, Formula One racing, Marina Bay Light-up, the Chinese New Year celebrations with River Hongbao, the National Day Parades which have caused more pressure on the available scarce resources (Mihalic 2008). These events and many more activities, have greatly affected the landscape surrounding the site. 6.3 Social factors Esplanade mall has continued to nature and develop the skills of many with regard to culture and artwork. Many people have also been employed to work at the mall and this is because the site has continued to perform very well economically due to the increased number of visitors. This has enabled many to develop their professional skills (Esplanade at a Glance 2010). The architecture and the landscape have made the place to be among the top famous cultural tourism sites in the world. Important point, to note is that this site has enabled the country to preserve its culture for many years apart from contributing positively to the tourism industry in Singapore. The establishment has led to the recognition of culture as one of the main contributors of tourism’s success by showing unique culture to the rest of the world (Lovelock 2002). Given its organization and programming of its events, the centre has continued to meet the demands of its visitors in terms of education and entertainment. 7.0 Conclusion and recommendations As seen earlier in this report the primary goal of sustainable tourism is to sustain the development of the areas involved. This is the reason as to why this report was planned in order to ascertain the role of sustainable tourism in achieving this objective with reference to the case of Esplanade Mall in Singapore. The following recommendations have been posed in order to aid the process of reforming the site for longer term sustainable development (IUCN, 2011).. 7.1 Economic factors The observation at the site had found that the Mall had established a number of activities and facilities as one way of increasing its returns. Expansion of the centre’s facilities and entering into collaborations with corporate bodies for sponsorship of events, need to be considered by looking whether they are real sustainable for the business or not (Rojas and Camarero 2008). This particularly could be done by looking at the possible pressure for the available resources and the likely effects if the corporate bodies want to withdraw their sponsorship. The current architecture and plan activities ought to generate more revenues to manage its own costs and the reconstruction of the already exploited resources. 7.2 Environmental factors Sustaining the environment is the main challenge for those organizations that want to take responsibility in ensuring that all activities that are related to tourism are environmental friendly. The observation had found that the site was carbon neutrality sensitive by going paperless. This is to reduce the demand for plants which absorb the carbon and other greenhouse gases (Esplanade Annual Report 2008/2009). However, it is recommendable that more innovations be done in order to come up with more friendly methods of producing energy now that the site requires a lot of energy to run air-conditioners. 7.3 Social-cultural factors This has more to do with preserving and upholding the community’s culture and values. This is because there is a risk of the community being influenced by the new cultures especially from the visitors who come to the site from various parts of the world (Esplanade Annual Report 2008/2009). This can only be achieved through persistent training and education of the local on the importance of regarding their cultural practices and values. References Benetatos, T.S. (2008). Benchmarking Sustainability: the use of indicators, 34, 213-235. Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (1993), Sustainable tourism: an evolving global approach, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1, pp. 1-5. Buckley, R. (2003): Case Studies in Ecotourism. London: CAB International Butler, W. and Stephen W. (2000). Tourism and National Parks Issues and Implications. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Cater, E. (1995). "Environmental contradictions in sustainable tourism." Geographical Journal 161(1): 21-28. Coulter, L., Canadell, J. G. & Dhakal, S. (2008). Carbon Reductions and Offsets. New York: Springer. Eagles F.J. Paul et al., (2002). Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. Gland: IUCN, The World Conservation Union. Esplanade Annual Report. (2008/2009). Operations. Retrieved from http://www.esplanade.com/downloads/annual_reports/09/ES%20AR09_5257_Operations .pdf Esplanade Annual Report. (2008/2009). Heart of The Matter at Esplanade. Retrieved from http://www.esplanade.com/downloads/annual_reports/09/ESPAR09_4447_PartnerShipD ev.pdf Esplanade. (2008). About The Centre: Venues. Retrieved from http://www.esplanade.com/about_the_centre/venues/index.jsp Esplanade At A Glance. (09/10). The National Perspective; The Industry Perspective. Retrieved from http://www.esplanade.com/downloads/annual_reports/10/esplataglance.pdf. Esplanade Diary. (2011). Our Mission. Esplanade theatres on the bay, Singapore. (July-September 2011). Hall, C. M., and Lew, A. A., (2000). Sustainable tourism: a geographical perspective. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman. 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Lovelock, B. (2002). “Why is it good to be bad: The Role of Conflict in Contributing Towards Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas“. In: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol.10, No.1, 2002. Mihalic, T., (2008). Sustainable Tourism in Islands and Small States: Issues and Policies. New York, U.S.A. Ramseur, J. L. (2007). Voluntary carbon offsets: overview and assessment. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34241_20071107.pdf. Rojas, C., & Camarero, C. (2008). Visitors’ experience, mood and satisfaction in a heritage context: Evidence from an interpretation centre. Tourism Management. 29(3). 525-537. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517707001471. Turner, R. K., & Pearce, D., (2001). Mediterranean islands and sustainable tourism development: practices, management and policies. Continuum, New York. United nations world tourism organization report,UNWTO, 2011 Weaver, D. (2006). Sustainable Tourism. Oxford: Elsevier Williams, P. W., (2002). Tourism and the environment: No place to hide. World Leisure and Recreation. London, England. Appendixes Appendix 1: Derived indicators Indicators Issues being evaluated Academic source ECONOMIC Business diversity This economic indicator is used to a greater extent to explain how different business activities have been developed at the place in order to achieve sustainable development by diverse demands of the community. Business diversity was assessed using two main indicators namely ability to enhance job variety and reduce vulnerability to economic situations (UNWTO, 2011). Multiplier effect The economic sustainability of the site can also be assessed by looking at the ability of the site to increase the demand on tourism products and services and at the same increase the level of employment by creating more jobs Ramseur, (2007). Creation of jobs It is expected that as demand for the services and products at the facility rises, the site also responds accordingly to serve them. This is through the creation of more theatre rooms and retail shops which seen many people get self employed through entrepreneurship Rojas and Camarero (2008) Environmental energy efficiency Based on the observation at the site, it was found out that different methods are employed to save energy. However, use of air conditioners to regulate the temperature seems to be more energy consuming. Use of polymer sensors was a positive strategy to saving scarce resources such as power and water. In addition to this, energy saving lamps are being used. Waste management and recycling This is an environmental indicator which demonstrates the methods that are being used to make proper use of scarce resources such as land. Going paperless is one such method that the environment can be saved. Spartial interactions This is an environmental indicator which is used to asses how different mass tourism are programmed so as to ensure proper sharing of the available facilities (Kelly and Williams 2007). This is done by giving consideration into Seasonality of events, urban development and shared infrastructures. This explains on how the visitors to the area interact with the locals when their share important facilities such communication, transport and other resources that are found within the area like the sporting grounds in order ensure maximization of scarce resources. In other words, this indicator demonstrated how the services that are found at the mall are shared for common good (Turner and Pearce 2001). Rojas and Camarero (2008) Social-cultural Quality of experience and service-scape This can be determined by looking at the human factor as demonstrated by the behaviors and attitudes of service employees and local hosts as well as the physical aesthetics of the built and the environment. Mihalic (2008) Social Integration between Tourists & Host Community: Engagement & Connectivity The pattern of event tourism is outlined by the meaning of the event on the basis of seasonality of demand, along with it temporal spatial nature forming an antecedent to modifications in social behaviors. Lew and Alan (2008) Spatial Temporal Interactions: Social Behavioral Change (Attitudes and Perspectives) The derivations are examined in terms of the markets and marketing synergies that create the broader awareness of Esplanade as an arts center and its community development. Lew and Alan (2008) Appendix 2: observation report Indicator Observation Sustainable economic development The observation at this point was directed at ascertaining different activities that are being carried out at Esplanade in order to evaluate whether they are appropriate for the business to sustain its economic performance. 1. Business diversity At Esplanade, it was found out during the observation that the Mall has put in place different facilities such as cafes, bars, restaurants and theatres. In addition, at the basement of the mall there are two carparks which have continued to create great appeal for the Groomwerkz Company because of its services. Other alternative revenue generation includes leasing its space to various event organizers at its Hospitality Spaces, Outdoor Theatre and The Edge near the Waterfront. (Turner and Pearce 2001). 2. Multiplier effect At Esplanade, collaboration is a very common strategy that is used to ensure more events are held at the mall through sponsorships. The objective of using sponsorship is to reduce the operational cost at the mall and therefore generate more revenue for the business. The various sponsorships and donations from a substantial number of event organisers in turn reduce Esplanade’s expenditure and increase its return on investment (Esplanade, 2008). 3. Creation of employment Demand for presentation space at the mall has continued to increase over years. However, the plan for the site has continuously allowed for expansion of the facility to accommodate more demands from the theatre users and retailers who want to establish small shops within the mall. This way the mall has turned into large business hub where a large number have are now self employed (Coulter et al 2008). Environmental sustainability Observation 1. Energy efficiency Through observation and interview with Esplanade’s engineer, Michael Wilford, it was revealed that Esplanade employs differing air-conditioning temperature to adapt to the peak and off-peak periods. It also utilizes sensors and timers to control the centre’s lighting and water pumps, and energy-saving lamps are installed in lighting up its landscape. In addition, Esplanade’s restrooms are fitted with water-saving thimbles to conserve water resources. Through such efforts, it has managed to reduce electricity usage by about 77 percent. (Ioannides 2007). 2. Waste management and recycling Through observation, Esplanade has introduced recycling bins across the centre relative to paper, plastics and aluminum disposal. The paper towels in its restrooms are made of recycled paper and Esplanade is in the midst of implementing chemical-free cleansing agents in its maintenance operations (IUCN 1987). Furthermore, Esplanade has adopted a paperless system that allows show request communications via online. Presently it is the only presenter that offers this paperless communications. With these initiatives, it is setting the benchmark to encourage other promoters to follow suit and practice environmental-friendly initiatives. (Esplanade Annual Report, 2008/2009). 3. Spatial interactions At this point the observation was expected to have a look at the infrastructure within and without to establish it is relationship with the development of the site. Even though the place is frequently affected by the closure of the roads and activities at Marina bay, the mall has continued to witness growth over years (Esplanade At A Glance 09/10). Social-cultural indicators Observation 1. Social Integration between Tourists and Host Community: Engagement and Connectivity The Singapore community in general, has a strong touch of culture and art. This has been directly to the mall and the community around. The community greatly values the element of culture and thus the need to preserve it. This is the reason as to why the country as a whole is turning into cultural tourism like many other Asian countries. The sustainability of social and cultural life in Singapore has been boosted by the formation of the National Arts Council and the Singapore Tourism Board which sees the establishment and management of tourism sites in the country (Coulter, et al 2008). 2. Spatial Interactions: Social Behavioral Change (Attitudes & Perspectives) Primarily, Esplanade was established by the government of Singapore as one way of recognizing its importance in enhancing the quality of life of people through interactions. It was observed that this site has helped in a greater way in binding together the people of Singapore by sharing common values. At this point the observation was expected to have a look at the infrastructure within and without to establish it is relationship with the development of the site (Benetatos 2008). Even though the place is frequently affected by the closure of the roads and activities at Marina bay, the mall has continued to witness growth over years. The establishment of Esplanade was led by the recognition of the importance of the arts and culture, in broadening and deepening social sensitivities, improving our overall quality of life, contributing to a more culturally vibrant and gracious society, and strengthening our social bonds. (MICA, 2011). Read More