Subjectivity and Major Differences in Organizational Structure - Essay Example

Qualitative research By Undertaking qualitative research project Qualitative research is generally the process of exploring specified issues, understanding different phenomena and responding to questions through analysing and making sense of unstructured data or information (Vogt, 2011). This type of research helps in broadening and deepening of individual understanding of how things exist the way they are. During the workshop, lot of important issues concerning the manager research methods .the following shows different topic handled during those workshop days. The main aim of qualitative research project to managers is to explore and understand the significant and of subjectivity and major differences in organizational structure. Qualitative research project in management is very important for both business practitioners and useful knowledge for most organizations. Besides it show3s the important effect of output that qualitative project research can influence day-to-day managerial practice (Vogt, 2011). The researchers who carry out qualitative project result have reported that there are several challenges that they face when carrying out their duties. These difficult situation researchers, has been minimally handled making the number of researchers to reduce. Preliminary undertakings of qualitative research include, reading the literature, writing the review, deciding on the method of research, writing the method, collecting the data, analysing the data, writing the result and writing conclusions (Vogt, 2011). These are simple research undertakings that researchers put into consideration before they go for actual research. Observations as source of data Observation is the most active method of acquiring information from a primary source by use of eyes. Qualitative method of collecting data requires the use of eyes. Individual sight and participation has enable researchers to learn more about activities of individuals under study in a natural setting by observing the activities. Over the year’s observation has been the most efficient way of data collection due to its efficiency. The most important elements of observation include, the ability to provide researchers with means to interact participate and be in a position to reach research site faster. It also allows researchers to verify various definitions of terms used by participants in interviews and observe the events of research period as they unfold. The use of observation also helps in identification of respondent and provides general guidance of relationship between the researcher and the informant. Besides it, provide the researcher with a genuine source of questions to be answered by the informant. Advantages of observation Observation as a method of data collection provides several advantages to the researcher in various ways these includes, It enhances access to the participant backstage ways of culture. It also gives a more advance description where they interprets individuals goal of description of behaviours, situation or a particular events as depicted by the researcher. In addition, it improves the quality of the data as researcher may have same opportunity to participate in viewing or general involvement in such activities. Disadvantages The following are the major setbacks of this method of data collection; gender of researchers gives them access to different information, as they are forced to seek answers from different individuals. The data collection through observation implies that information may be distorted since biased individual may conduct it. Brainstorming solutions based on data This is collection of activities that enable the researchers develop different number of solution that will help them handle most difficult situation or challenges they face in their research projects activities (Vogt, 2011). Therefore, brainstorming solutions are always meant to encourage researcher’s creative thinking with help of some rule that make it more successful. In some difficult and most challenging situation researcher may be forced to consider quantity of research rather than quality. After which the researcher may have enough time to focus more on quality (Bryman, 2009). This therefore calls for teamwork among the researchers to enable them collect several data as possible (Bryman, 2009). Besides during brainstorming it is always advisable to withhold any criticism of any sort, including individuals own thoughts. Thus the following guidelines are always necessary for project researchers, they include, focusing on quantity of data, withholding any sort of criticism, encourage any wild ideas as they always lead to more innovative ways. Recording all ideas lastly combining and improving the information collected. Testing of ideas in the field During fieldwork research project, the researcher may be forced to put to test some of the qualitative ideas of data collection. For instance, the researcher may be forced to test the effectiveness of practising ethical research through various ways. First, the researcher should consider his or her informants as participants of the project, the researcher might be forced to conceal the true purpose of the research, researcher should also practice confidentiality while in the field by ensuring that store data is secure, and finally the researcher should practice anonymity by not identifying individual in the research (Bryman, 2009). Besides, the researcher may be compelled to test some of the qualitative methods of data collection in the field (Bryman, 2009). These may include engaging in participative observation, which would ensure that enough information is collected. Nevertheless, the researcher may engage in-group interviews so as to receive different opinion on the issue under study and lastly the researcher may intend to apply projective technique where different imaginary situations are described which may force the respondent to emotionally reveal hidden information the he or she could not say under normal situations (Bryman, 2009). Designing experiments Designing qualitative is one of the most flexible experimental techniques learnt during the week five-work shop, it encompassed on variety of acceptable method and structures used in experimental design (Kennedy, 2008). Therefore, the following show the plan in performing scientific experimental research and coming up with the results. The format of the experimental design of research is very logical. It starts from hypothesis, which is an uninformed, but educated guess of a problem and then working on it to solve it; it was also discussed that the experiment must have value of variable, since the answers that come from research cannot be part of knowledge base (Kennedy, 2008). The experiments of research must be carried out more than once in order to demonstrate it statistical significance by checking the result of the stats, just after the experiment well designed, the researcher may now begin to keep track of the information gathered through experiment (Bryman, 2009).. Besides, researcher should ensure that he or she takes control of the experiment by setting base of values against what you compare the data in the experiment (Kennedy, 2008). Lastly, you can now draw several conclusions from that experimental design. Collecting quantitative data Week 8 workshop was on entirely ways of collecting information or data from quantitative research method, which entirely relied on random sampling of structured data collection (Greenslade, 2002). These types of data include nominal data, ordinal data, interval data and ratio data. The following were some of the methods used to collect these quantitative data. First quantitative data can be collected through interviews which include face to face interviews, telephone interviews, among others, the data can also be collected through questionnaires where certain question are given in written form or by oral methods, besides, quantitative data can also be collected through experiment that are conducted by researcher mostly in clinical trials (Greenslade,2002). It can also be collected through observation of the researcher and participation of the respondent and researcher. Lastly, quantitative data can be collected through obtaining relevant from major management systems. Analysing quantitative data Week 9 workshop was on analysis of quantitative data, however, there are some common mathematical techniques involved in evaluation of data, which makes the analysis of these data more understandable. Quantitative analysis is very helpful in analysis of data therefore before one begin any data analysis he or she should identify different levels of measurement connected with quantitative data (Greenslade, 2002). These level of measurement include, nominal data, ordinal data, interval data and ratio data (Greenslade,2002).the nominal takes the pattern of form category and do not have the hierarchy relationship, ordinal data is similar to nominal its only that it does not have hierarchy relationship. For internal data, it takes the form of numbers more like the ratio data, which is extended by number line. Once all levels of measurement are considered, quantitative data analysis procedure such as data tabulation, descriptive data, data moderation and advanced analytical method can commence. Analysis of qualitative data The analysis of qualitative data consists only of word unlike quantitative that which is based on numbers. Once the qualitative data has been obtained, the following steps can now follow to show the analysis process (Bryman, 2009). The analysis begins by having general knowledge of the data; this will require the researcher to read the data many times in order to understand it better. Secondly you then place your focus on the analysis that is you review the purpose of evaluation so that you can identify what you really needed (Bryman, 2009). This is done by coming up with key question and focusing those questions on the topic. Then lastly categorize your information through coding or indexing the data, though it does not imply assigning numerical codes as done in quantitative. As this continues you may identify other, themes related to the topic, this should be done until you label all relevant themes. References Greenslade, A. (2002). Research project management. Canberra: Australian National Audit Office. Kennedy, T. (2008). Pharmaceutical project management. New York: M. Dekker. Sharp, J., Peters, J. and Howard, K. (2002). The management of a student research project. Slevin, D., Cleland, D. and Pinto, J. (2002). The frontiers of project management research. Newtown Square, Pa.: Project Management Institute. Bryman, A. (2009). Qualitative research. London [u.a.]: SAGE. Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Denzin, N. and Lincoln, Y. (2005). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Vogt, W. (2011). SAGE quantitative research methods. London: SAGE. Seale, C. (2004). Qualitative research practice. London: SAGE. Read More