The Impact of Globalisation over Criminal Offences - Term Paper Example

Criminology (Understanding Crime) Table of Contents Introduction 2 Rise of Criminology 3 Influences of Globalisation over Crime 5 Conclusion 8 References 9 Introduction Currently, after the imposition of globalisation, the world economy has been experiencing a huge transformation. The transformation has made a huge impact over the several aspects of the world. The increasing impact of globalisation within the world economy has resulted to a large number of changes, which includes improvisation of the social structure. It has been stated that people living within the society has been experiencing benefits due to effective implementation of the concept of globalisation. As per the numerous researchers, globalisation has improved business sectors of every country. Due to globalisation, the economic structures of developing countries are experiences competitive advantages. More specifically, due to the progress in economic as well as financial context, development in information technology has been witnessed leading to the circulation of goods, money as well as information around the world. However, most of the people are identified to be having the perception that due to globalisation, criminal offense has increased in a worldwide context. It will be worth mentioning that international crime has spread over the world that also affected economic progress of every country (Shaw & et. al., 2003). The prime objective of the study is to describe about the impact of globalisation over criminal offences held in all over the world. More specifically, the study highlights the actual reason behind the increasing rate of criminal activities. In this context, the study evaluates about the imposition of globalisation within the criminal world as well as its impact over providing opportunities for transnational crime within the world. Rise of Criminology Currently, crime has become one of the most important factors affecting the social structure of the globe. It will be worth mentioning that from the past two decades, the global governances has been experience numerous failures in maintaining continuous growth in economic terms due to imbalanced social structure. It has been observed that the recent phenomenon i.e. globalisation has increased criminal activities within the world. With the increase in the cross border business activities within the global economy, the rate of criminal offences has also increased gradually. More specifically, crime rate is increasing day-by-day. In this context, changes in societal structures, political structure as well as other social aspects are recognised as vital reasons for building criminal behaviour within the society (Newburn, 2013). The involvements of the youth within the prospect of globalised crime are recognised to be a vital reason of increasing rate of criminal activities. Globalisation has provided a platform to the crime world for performing illegal activities on a global basis. Most of the people are involved in criminal activities due to large number of circumstances that include ineffective criminal regulations in others countries and rate of unwanted activities. It is also stated that the young people shows their involvement within the criminal activates for protecting themselves from other criminal activities. In this respect, people in order to protecting themselves are identified to be involved within criminal activities (Shaw & et. al., 2003). Moreover, the rate of crime is recognised to be more in undeveloped and developing nations due to lack of governmental measures and lack of policing. Globalisation has improved the life style of a large number people, but most of the global population still living their life below poverty line. This factor is stated to be more influential for increase in criminal activities. In this regard, discrimination in the equal distribution in terms of social income is recognised to be a vital factor for affecting the societal structure of such nations. It will be worth mentioning that illegal trading of fire arm is the vital reason behind the increasing rate of terrorist activities. It has been also stated that the political scenario also plays an important role behind increasing rate of terrorist activities within the society. The undeveloped economic structure also creates huge rate of unemployment as well as inadequate facilities for accessing education. In this respect, poor economic conditions of the underdeveloped countries are recognised to be developing negative perceptions and attitudes amid large number of youths against the political leaders of the respective countries. In this regard, criminal organisations have been attracting unprivileged people towards crime, which in turn has resulted towards increased criminal activities in these nations. This factor is recognised to be a vital reason behind the incising rate of world terrorism (Newburn, 2013; Sandywell, 2011). Societal cultures as well as customs are also recognised to be an active player of generating terrorist activities as well as social or civil unrest within a country. In addition, racial conflicts have become one of the most important issues, which lead towards the increase in terror activities within the world due to increased mobility of unwanted activities due to globalisation. The world economy has experienced huge revenue relating to drug smuggling. It has been observed that the heroin smuggling has been increased with the help of globalisation. More specifically, illicit drug trade is recognised to be the black sides of the global market. Currently, the illicit drug trading has been converted in to the largest global business (Muncie, 2005). As per the report of UN World Drug Report of 2007, in the present day context, illegal drug business has become successful in generating approximately US $322 billion. Moreover, illegal trading of ecological products is recognised to be another vital problem, which affected the balance of the global environment. Illegal trading in the animal from one continent to another continent is recognised to be a big problem generated due to imposition of the globalisation. After the imposition of the globalisation, ecological products such as expensive woods as well as other forest products have raised unwanted activities for deforestation to a large extent (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2010). These are various crime witnessed on a global context for illegality as well as unwanted conducted immensely in underdeveloped countries for lack of legal polices and government control measures. Influences of Globalisation over Crime With the concept of globalisation, there has been an increase in criminality all over the world. Globalisation has been responsible for movements of people on a global context. It will be worth mentioning that it is in this respect that crime has become more diversified as well as reached to the macroeconomic proportions of the global economy. A large number of global criminal activities have been taken place that highly affected the global economic as well as social condition. Through the imposition of globalisation, people are experiencing to have a normal as well as comfortable day-to-day life, but criminal organisations are also facilitated with the opportunity to spread their impact on a worldwide basis. It is observed that the criminal organisation has tries to carry out criminal activities more easily as well as more efficiently on the level of global scale due to efficient movement of people as well as goods with minimum limitation (National Police Agency, 2011). It has been pragmatic that after the implementation of international tourism globally, transportation of criminal offenders of criminal organisations has increased to a large extent. For instances, ‘hit and run’ criminal offence committed by a foreign national or foreign resident who had come to Japan for the purpose of short visits and having the visa stats to return home immediately are recognised to be a big sort of criminal act indicating towards internationalisation of crime (Weinstein, 2008). More specifically, increased criminal offences have taken place in a country by a foreign national also pointing towards transnational of the criminal activities. Mobility of unwanted activities has been a prime reason for increase in global crime (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2014). It is more obvious that international smuggling business has boosted due to open trade policies, which have been imposed after globalisation. Illicit trade of drugs and human trafficking are recognised to be the foremost international criminal activities within the globe. A large number of anti-criminal organisations depict about the financial considerations generated due to criminal activities. It has been estimated that approximately US$650 billion of revenue income has been generated due to illicit trading of drugs, human trafficking and other international criminal activities. It has been also stated that extensive deforestation is also liable for the trading of wood and other ecological products without paying any taxes as well as tariffs. It is also a part of global criminal activities. Due to this kind of illegal trade or smuggling of ecological products has been accountable for degrading the ecosystem (Muncie, 2005). As per the current scenario, Mafias are liable for every transactional problem arising within the globe. Poor as well as underdeveloped countries are suffering several economic problem as well as experiences threats to the national as well as public securities. It will be worth mentioning that international criminal activities are stimulating infiltrating business as well as political corruption, which creates hindrance in the development of several countries (Midgley & et. al., 2014). For instance, trading or smuggling of drug is liable for spreading violence all over the US, West Africa as well as Caribbean regions. Moreover, from trafficking business, the collisions between several criminal groups are leading towards global exposures, which have developed a new form of global terrorism (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2010). Transnational crime refers to be a more organised crime or organised transitional offences, which has been undertaken by three or more than three people with the intention of gaining any materials as well as monetary related benefits. Globalisation has raised different trafficking as well as smuggling systems such as maritime piracy, environmental resource trafficking, product counterfeiting, heroin trafficking, cocaine trafficking, human trafficking, migrant smuggling as well as firearms trafficking, which are recognised to be one of the vital criminal offences on a global basis. As per the recent scenario, cybercrime is recognised to be an international criminal offence that can leads to a vital destruction on an economic context (Medina-Mora, 2010). According to the report of Department of International Development of United Kingdom, Transitional Organised Crime is becoming a big business as per the modern day scenario. As per the report of United Nations of Drugs and Crime (UNODC), trafficking has become a global phenomenon, as there are approximately 137 countries detected as the victims of human trafficking. After the cold war, a huge transformation has been observed in the European country in terms of the labourers, who are moving from eastern part of Europe to western part are recognised to be victims of human trafficking. More specifically, women trafficking along with children trafficking are recognised to be a vital crime on a global base. In this context, illegal migrations of people among a large number of countries from one continent to other are recognised to be an international crime for every people. Through these illegal migrations of poor people, illegal trade of drugs and heroine have taken place. This is obvious that globalisation has been facilitating large number of criminal organisations to perform criminal activities on a global basis (Newburn, 2013; Findlay, 1999). Conclusion From the above study, it has been noted that the concept of globalisation has enhanced the world economic condition in a gradual manner. Due to globalisation, business sector has also been able to generate more revenues. However, it has been identified that globalisation is also an important opportunities for several criminal organisations to perform unwanted activities within the global platform. Criminal organisations are recognised to be acting in different countries owing to minimum governmental regulations. More specifically, illegal trafficking business has increased for access on the global platform for better mobility of unwanted activities. It has been observed that globalisation enabled national criminals to trespass to another country for different notions that include financial benefits or increase terror. Due to globalisation, maritime piracy, human trafficking and drug smuggling business among others have expanded all over the world. It has been also observed that trafficking business has forced to work as slaves. Thus, it can be concluded that globalisation is liable for the expansion of criminal activities around the world. Additionally, it has provided the path in accordance with which criminal organisations are able to spread their illegal operations and terror in an efficient manner. References Findlay, M., 1999. The Globalisation of Crime Understanding Transitional Relationships in Context. Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-8. Muncie, J., 2005. The Globalization of Crime Control – The Case of Youth and Juvenile Justice: Neo-liberalism, Policy Convergence and International Conventions. Theoretical Criminology, Vol.9, No. 1, pp. 35–64. Midgley, T. & et. al., 20014. Identifying Approaches and Measuring Impacts of Programmes Focused on Transnational Organised Crime. Department for International Develeopmen, pp.1-51. Medina-Mora, H. E. E., 2010. Organised Crime: The Dark Side of Globalisation. Publications, pp.12-14. Newburn, T., 2013. Criminology. 2nd ed. Routledge. Sandywell, B., 2011. On the Globalisation of Crime: The Internet and New Criminality. Handbook of Internet Crime, pp. 38-49. Shaw, M. & et. al., 2003. Determining Trends in Global Crime and Justice: An Overview Of Results From The United Nations Surveys Of Crime Trends And Operations Of Criminal Justice Systems. Forum on Crime and Society, vol. 3, Nos. 1. 2, pp. 35-63. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2010. The Globalization of Crime. A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, pp. 1-281. Weinstein, L., 2008. Mumbai’s Development Mafias: Globalization, Organized Crime and Land Development. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol, 32, No.1 pp. 1-18. Read More