Short answer quesatuions - Essay Example

Sociology 26 June Short Answer Questions Chapter 6: Socialization Families are very important for the social developmentof children, as they socialize them through words and actions. As children observe the spontaneous behavior of some human interactions, they learn how to socialize through behavior. For example, by observing adults say please when making requests to show politeness, children learn to do the same as acts of politeness. The configurations and structures of families today are different from earlier families.

Divorce and same sex marriages, which are common occurrences in today’s societies, affect both children and parents according to a variety of aspects. For example, “children in a step family have to form new relationships and accept new rules and new values, while still having to deal with the old relationships, rules and values” (Berns 110).Chapter 7: DevianceEdwin Lemert developed the theory that deviance can either be primary or secondary. According to him, “primary deviation is deviance that everyone engages in occasionally; it is rationalized or otherwise dealt with as [part of] a socially acceptable role” (Regoli, Hewitt, and DeLisi 225).

An example of primary deviation is theft of a textbook from a book store by a college student, who goes unnoticed, uses the book to study, attains high marks on graduation and proceeds to become a prominent person in life. Secondary deviation on the other hand is a stage reached when individuals, especially adolescents, commit more deviant acts. For individuals to reach secondary deviation, the stages involved include primary deviation, social penalties, further primary deviation, stronger penalties and rejection, further deviations, attainment of a crisis “in the tolerance quotient, which is expressed in formal action by the community stigmatizing of the deviant” (Regoli, Hewitt, and DeLisi 226), reinforcement of deviant behaviour, as response to punishment and stigmatization, and acknowledgement of deviant character and status in society.

An example of secondary deviation is constant theft of textbooks from a bookstore by a college student, who eventually gets caught, gets expelled from college, earns a label of being a person lacking character from other people in the society, consequently begins viewing himself as the society views him, becomes a drug dealer and when caught, spends the rest of his life in prison. Chapter 8: Mental Health and IllnessAccording to Surratt, “medicalization is the defining and labelling of deviant behaviour as a medical problem, usually an illness and the mandating of the medical profession to provide some type of treatment for it” (177).

The three main forces that drive aspects of medical life to become medicalized include “biotechnology, consumers and managed care” (Maturo and Conrad 34). For quite some time now, different types of biotechnology have been linked to medicalization. This has been through the rise of pharmaceutical industries as major players in this field, as well as the rise of genomic medicine. An example is the use of behavior modification drugs in the treatment of children’s behaviors such as deviance and improvement of manners and actions.

People, who are the consumers in medicalization, have also contributed in driving some aspects of medical life to become medicalized. This has been mainly through their changing social ideas. For example, the expectation of pregnant women and those giving birth to pursue medical care is not because the biology of women has changed, but rather the social perception. Managed care in medicalization is both a motivation and a hindrance. “To a degree, managed care has commercialized medicine and encouraged medical care organizations and doctors to emphasize profits over patient care” (Maturo and Conrad 42).

An example is the reduction of insurance coverage amounts for emotionally and mentally disturbed individuals in psychotherapy, and increased willingness by managed care organizations to cover medications for individuals with psychiatric illnesses. Works CitedBerns, Roberta M. Child, Family, School, Community: Socialization and Support. 9th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth-Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Maturo, A. and Peter Conrad. The Medicalization of Life. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. Print. Regoli, Robert M.

, Hewitt, John D., and Matt DeLisi. Delinquency in Society. 8th ed. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC, 2010. Print. Surratt, Carla G. Netaholics? The Creation of a Pathology. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 1999. Print.