Globalization and Development, Capitalist Society - Essay Example

? Topic: Part: A (Globalization and Development) Part: B (A critical commentary on a given paragragh (related to capitalist society) Name & Section Number of Course: Instructor Name: Date: Part A) In order to deeply conceive and comprehend the reasons as well as whole process of globalization in the Western Society, it would be first a good idea to focus on theory of Marx on laws of nature and history: Thus history of human kind consists in an eternal, non stopping procedure of fight between social classes. First of all, we had slavery, in the ancient years in many parts of Europe, something that continued over centuries, until the feudal society in the Middle Age, then with French Revolution in 1789, we see the civil class arising, against poor proletarians, until nowadays, when feudalism already disappeared, civil class and proletarians are fighting against each other, for survival and better life conditions, from the side of proletariat. Thus according to Marx, it’s the labor class, that is ‘’moving’’ history forward, fighting against upper class for better life, in financial terms. (Marx K., 1948) So, in order to understand globalization, we should deeply understand in what laws of nature and history consist, thus Marx is focusing on the basic scheme of history movement : ‘’Theses-Antithesis-Synthesis’’. ( Engels F., 1940) Each thing included his opposite upon being created, and then we have synthesis, thus, this last ones, consists, in both the previous first thesis, including something new which is thesis overall So, the two poles, for history movement and evolution, are thesis and synthesis, having antithesis as main axe. Globalization nowadays, is of course a result of historical movement and evolution throughout millennia, and centuries, but also has to do with other factors: Development of technology, progress in science, as well as other discoveries and inventions, means of transportation and wars, have been changing the map of the world, in political, social and financial terms overall, mainly in Western Society. ‘’Is globalization good or bad? (Crane D., 2002), We say this because, these radical changing have been taking place basically in modern Western countries, that apply modern ways of production, and have power and domination on other more poor countries by disposing financial resources and means. Also, financing of science and technology, have transformed the world to an “universal market”, marking the end ‘of man’s history and history of human kind, according to Francis Fucuyama, (Fukoyama F., 1992) Wars have also played a crucial role to this over the last decades, by the super power countries like USA. Results of wars are catastrophic unfortunately, and change terms and conditions particularly in the financial field, but also in the social and political field. Thus, there are many immigrants, seeking for political asylum and work in other countries, and this has changed almost totally, the global chart in the field of Law. What is dominating is industry, nowadays, also industry of knowledge and society of information, due many means recently invented such as internet. Then it is said, that globalization will signalize the end of history by transforming the world to a universal, global market with no more ideology produced. Then the main focus is that in the past, history was basically going forward due ideologies produces that made laws of history move, as well as contributed to evolution. But since all ideologies seem, to have been defeated by the dominating system of capitalism, then, there are no more models produced nowadays, or models of great leaders like in the past. We should add this: That globalization is a feature of Western societies, as said above, but also smaller countries are being adapted little by little to this new world, as they do need bigger and stronger countries, for financial aid etc. Then what we observe is an interchange of culture between nations, Thus exchange of cultural ‘’product’’ to say so, bring people of the world more close, but what ahs now to be faced, is the always bigger gap being created between social classes, and domination of the means of production by the most powerful ones of this world. Then globalization, having to do with pluralism, and multi culture, has to ‘’face’’ complication arising from difference and differentiation between richer and more poor countries, as well as between civil and labor class. In other words, new financial conditions do not only change aspect of financial field, but also all possible changes have been occurring in the social field. Structures have changed, rather have been transformed in regard to the past, and financial changes and transformation result to equivalent social and political changes. Globalization is characterized mainly from the tendency of survival not of creation. The majority of people all over the world are striving more for survival, than for prosperity, more for working and than creating. And middle class is just striving for better life conditions, while a 1/3 of the world are almost starving nowadays. The above features have also been explicit in the domain of society of information and education. Children are more and more pathetically taught, and institution focuses, on creating good scientists for reproducing rather models of the old world, scientists, who are good at research in a specific field, more than freely thinking people. Thus knowledge and specific institution has replaced critical judgment. (Sears, 2006) Thus we should think at this point that nothing happens random. Everything ahs an explanation, and in this case, the crisis of our civilization and culture, is a result of the past, arising from the accumulated changes, and needs of humans nowadays in our era. It’s a deep transformation, having taken place over the last few decades that have shaped life of humans in modern globalized society. What actually happens is that people focus on the efforts to meet their own needs than individualism has by far replaced collectivity. Then there’s a crisis of political and social institutions, this is really a financial revolution than mere social or spiritual one. The global system is ruled by fixed already structures, and everyone has to live within a certain structure and environment, in a way of determinism, which country and which social class is he. She was already born in. Multiculturalism has to o as we said above with difference, this creating complexity, then it would involve, breaking these structures of “financial stagnation”, and go ahead with new ideas, deriving from modern world and modern culture, being rather anthropocentric, but far away from the old communist models of Marx and Engels theories, that were applied in another era. The main norm however remains: From the already existing world, and getting material from reality, we are then up to build ideology. Part B) Upon considering the new modern world, within terms of globalization and contemporary conditions of life, we can find out that political field, is being more and more separated from the economic-financial field. While in the past, these two, fields and their representatives, were joined together, in a form and shape called, “dominating power” overall, we see nowadays, that the role of politicians consist in that of “management” and treating ideas, and institutions in the social and political field, on behalf of the principal and main institution, called state, and what it represents. They are thus “dealers” of the main decisions to be taken, in terms even of financial issues, but it’s not them who have the “last word”. They can collaborate with financial agents, and impose taxes or so, but what really dominates, is market overall in the world. So, those disposing capitals and financial resources tend to dominate all over the world, becoming a separate structure, within the central structure, in which each political regiment will consist of. Liberal market, is thus independent from political decisions, or rather political field is subordinated to the financial one. What really dominates is fee liberal market, production, international companies, who employ people, and then everybody in society is rather dependent on these factors, than the voting result of elections. Thus global market and the powerful ones of this world, tend to form, they have rather formed already a so called superstructure, being identified with it. A state within the state. We can easily understand this, upon seeing beggars in the street, that ask anyone for some pennies, and we wonder “where is state in this case?” Then if you can survive it’s really Ok, with you, if not..! State does not have any particular power in hand, than just obey to the Will of financially strong ones, capital, and international market (s). We can even see this in how big businessmen, finance elections in every case, they event finance science and technology, without bearing really a faire taxation in most of the countries in regard to people of middle class, and proletarians in almost everywhere in the world. When we talk about financing, we just don’t mean, that when a poor country after a destructive war Will ask for help from politicians, but really from available financial resources from the given country. Then politicians just will try to do the dealing with capital owners for this purpose. We also notice overall in the market, that there’s no control on prices in the market. For example one cafe owner may sell coffee too expensive and this may be unjustified some times. Who will control capital? Policy has its own rules, while market his own ones. We can also find out, that banks impose high interest rates on debits, while they are not controlled by almost anyone, from the political field, in most developed and developing countries. It’s a bitter truth, that no one ever committed a financial crime, from high capital owners, has really been punished strictly for this, while, simple daily people can go to jail, for owing just a few hundred Dollars or Euros at the Bank. Then it’s totally capitalist countries who dominate nowadays, with their financing and investments. For example, one who is too riche businessman, can buy for more in a country, and invest highly in a country, and not without the corresponding return!!! We also see decisions being made upon this financial crisis, in May countries of Europe, ministries expose their points of view and suggest solutions, but the “international Monetary Fund”, is making its own decisions, according to funds available by the equivalent financial sources. The gap is thus growing between poor and riche ones, thus between political and financial fields. We know many cases, which high rank politicians may have friends from the high business environment, and they seem to advise them in making decisions, but in fact it’s the opposite that is happening: Businessmen tend to advise politicians what to do in each case. We all know about some economic scandals, where politicians are being involved, thus politicians are dependent on capitals and finding as well. They can cooperate together, and one side may influence the ‘’other side’’, but in fact it’s capital that Will prevail. We can also see, that upon political wars of superpowers, financing of military weapons, can be only carried out by those who do. Capital is an industry already n all forms it can appear. Far away from communist patents and formulas, we should say this: No one, nor politicians, nor even capital are above human life and dignity! In the first case, because, politicians depend upon Will of voters who Will define the election result, and in the second case, because, capital, is just created by human labor potential (Sears, 2007) Ten in fact, the riche ones need the “poor” ones for creating their fortune, as they use their labor and potential..! Thus, what is really strong is human individualism, as a “unity” working in a more collective way. Then politicians, should focus, on the needs of humans, of daily single individuals, and their rights, apply or try to apply laws, that Will favor human rights overall, because, people should have equal rights having the same needs, all of them in this society, and unfortunately, in this world, political transformations in terms of laws, and law making, in all fields, should focus on meeting general needs, in this world of such prosperity, but of inequality. So, equal chances for all, but within an already more faire system, that will not be found in the liberal society, (Fukuyama, F. (2011) P. 59, 125. 300) of course from all points of view. References Marx. K., (1848), The Communist Manifest, German Library, Germany, 1848 , P. 2 Engels, F., (1940), The Dialectics of Nature, by International Publishers, 1940, P. 1 Crane, D., (2002), by National Post, USA, 2002, P. 1,-“Global Business Today”, 2010, by Hill, McKaig and Richardson, USA, 2010 Fucuyama, F., (1992), Globalization and Culture, New York USA, by Girish Misra, State of Naturel Publications, WA, USA, 2008, P. 212 Fucuyama, F. (2011), The Origines of Political Order, by the National Interest, USA, 2011, P. 59, 125, 300 Sears, (2006), Education and Employability in the Neo-Liberal Times Louisiana, USA, 2006, P. 139 Sears, (2007), Neo-Liberalism, Globalization and Human Capital, by Springler Publications, USA, 2007, P. 318 Nairmann, J. (2004), “How a Society Works”, USA, Pages 374, (on “power”, 2004). Read More