The US and the Contemporary World - Essay Example

US and the World in the 21st Century Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Thesis ment 4 Research Question 4 Impact of Immigration 4 World Immigration Facts in 21st Century 5 Immigration in 21st Century in the US 8 Conclusion 14 References 16 Introduction The aspect of immigration is fundamental in context of any economy or society of the nation, as people mobility from one to another is integral to maintain quality of life along with all round development of economy. Additionally, the people who wanted to move from one place to another with the motive to become permanent residence of the nation are termed to be immigrants. Besides, just moving to another country does not regard the person as immigrant. Moreover, in order to be an immigrant people must be a citizen of one nation moving to another nation with the intention to reside in the immigrating country. However, the person without receiving a proper legal clearance or certification move to other nation in order to become citizen of the nation is classified as illegal or undocumented immigrant. Advancement in communication as well as transportation has enhanced the aspect of globalization, which allows people to migrate to different places with minimal amount of barriers1. Furthermore, it has been noticed that international immigration will create both positive as well as negative impact over the origin community as well as destination community, as in one aspect immigration lead to facilitate the transfer of skills and workforce that allow enhancing the growth of the community. Thus, in this regard, immigration is reflected as the process of migration of the people from one place to another across the international or state boarder. Moreover, migration is not the resent phenomena or trend it has been the part of human history since the beginning. Rather since the creation of the regions, people are migrating from one continent to other, from nation to nation or internally. In the 21st century the major causes of immigration has been however been catalyst by the economic progression of a nation. The economic progression of any nation attracts immigrant from other underdeveloped countries2. Thesis Statement In this regard, the paper intends to address the positive impact of immigration in the context of the US and world economy in the 21st century. Research Question To what extent the US and the global economy are benefited from the process of immigration in 21st century. Impact of Immigration In the general prospect, immigration has both positive as well as negative impact because the process significantly influences the economy at large. In this context, it has been affirmed that process of immigration is likely to influence the domestic labor market, which can affect the wage rate as well as reduce the employment rate among the domestic workers. Apparently, on the other hand, the aspect of immigration is also associated with other factors that are likely to offset the potential negative aspects of economy. In this context, it has been revealed that if the immigrants are significantly more skilled over the domestic inhabitants than this will foster the productivity of the nation and contribute over the overall GDP of the nation3. Incidents that led to immigration are divided into two different aspects that include push and pull factors. The aspect of push factor includes overpopulation, less jobs, religious persecution, declines in agriculture, conflict and persecution of politics among the other factors. On the other hand, pull factor includes religion, availability of land, economic opportunities and political freedoms. Correspondingly, at various points of instances, it has been evident that immigration plays an important role in providing a new shape to the world and has been crucial for the human histories, cultures as well as civilizations. Besides, the process of immigration is significantly advantageous for the nation; as such, act allows strengthening the overall economy, fostering the process of innovation and increases the overall productivity4. World Immigration Facts in 21st Century People moving across the national border in the 21st century are noted to be creating a huge threat on the global economic system. In this regard, global nations through its political influences make necessary regulations about the boundaries about who can cross the borders and stay in the different nations. Accordingly, in the current scenario, around 60% of the immigration is likely to be noticed in the developed nations. This is noted to be increasing continuously in the 21st century relatively because of the economic as well as non-economic factors were increasing in the developed nations. In the global environment, nations’ significantly supported the aspects of immigration such as Malaysia, Turkey and Mexico and regarded that immigration is highly important for the all around development of the economy. In the context of the global immigration in the early 20th century in respect of the labour demands as well as issue of political unrest large number of Mexican people migrated to the US. Considerably, the statistic reveals the fact that 11.6 million immigrants of the Mexico residing in the US in 2013, which has been 2.2 million in the period of19805. However, since the basic perception of the immigrants to move in the high-income nation political interference is likely to play the significant role in respect of the formulation of the immigration policies. In this respect, North America, Europe, and Japan among the other nation’s political interferences are highly vigor in the process of implementation of the immigration policies to restrict needful immigration in the 21st century. In the context of global immigration, the UK is one of the attractive place for the immigrants community of the world, as in the o to 100 density of scale the immigrants residing in the UK is 97 on the other hand, it was 91 in the US. On the other hand, French people also likely to reside in the other places of world and the immigrants from the France live in most of the nation than in comparison to immigrants of other nations. Statistically, using the ‘Herfindahl index’, has been reflected that French born immigrants is 95 on 0 to 100 scales whereas, American born immigrates who live outside the US are 89. Moreover, 1,000 French born inhabitants reside in 83 different nations and territories6. Similarly, two extreme aspects are playing the integral role in hand of policy makers while considering the process of immigration in the 21st century. In the one hand, the political actor considered that immigration process as the opportunity to receive high amount of public benefits and expand the overall growth. On the other hand, the major reason of the restriction in is often specific for another nation for instance considering the case of India; the country is having restricted policy of immigration for the Pakistan inhabitants due to vulnerability of spreading terrorism (Martin, 2003). In addition, within the period of 1990 to 2013, the Indian and Chinese born immigrants has been doubled i.e. 7 million to 14 million of Indian and 4 million to 9 million Chines. Statistically, in the year 2013 India surpassing Mexico in relation to people outside the nation and Russia and China ranked third and fourth in the leading immigration process. Besides, UAE and the US have highest Indian immigrants. On the other hand, Hong Kong and the US is top destination for the Chinese people. Similarly, it has also been highlighted that UAE is having the highest number of foreign born inhabitants i.e. 84% of the overall population followed by Qatar and Kuwait7. On the other hand, avoidance of cultural, language, religion as well as other factors also affects the immigration process. In the 21st century world, economy involving their political scenario focuses over limiting the process of immigration in such a manner that immigrants receive considerable amount public benefits and foster the overall economic growth of the nation. On the other hand, concentration is also laid over creating threats over national language, religion and other factors. The political interfaces of the five major nations relatively makes constant reform in the immigration policies which includes the US, Canada, Australia, Israel, and New Zealand. In this regard, the combined population of these five countries in the process of immigration is recognized to be around 340 million. In the 21st century in the global political environment there have always been considerable debate over the recognizing the aspect regarding who immigrate to allow and restrict. In the global environment nation including Australia and Canada immigrant policies focuses over the aspect of the economic as well as employment on the other hand, the US political scenario less focused over such criteria8. Immigration in 21st Century in the US Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the aspect of globalization as shaped the formation of the new world. This has eventually led to create corresponding expansion of international trade and people, ideas along with the goods and services are being transferred around the world in ever-accelerating pace. The US economy in the 21st century has been standing out as one of the most powerful economy of the world. Moreover, the Americans have their pride of heritage, which encourages the aspects of the openness, and diversity. Besides the aspects of American music, fashion, culture and brand has become quite attractive throughout the global environment because of its unique culture. Moreover, the aspects of immigration have developed the nation in accordance to the tastes and preferences of global environment. Apparently, from the early periods the US economy is recognized to be a land of opportunities in the hand of the people outside their domestic territory. In addition, the economy is very much open for the world, which allows enhancing the greatness and enrichment of the economy. Besides, it has been recognized that the US respects the new talents, ambitions, as well as dreams that immigrants likely to come up with the benefits of all Americans9.  Similarly, the key policies that the US economy has adopted to ensure healthy immigration process is reduction of bureaucratic rules and regulation in the process, provide more and more opportunities to the people and allow them to provide all the facilities and services that a general American receives in the nation. In the 21st century the US economy reaps to get significant economic rewards from the process if immigration because the nation remain over attractive for the best, and hardworking immigrants around the world. Additionally, the official report highlighted on the fact that many people immigrate within America in the greed of developing entrepreneurship and ingenuity of culture and enrich the overall economy. The most considerable example is Google, immigrants has considerably assisted America to become a leader in world. Besides, it is also revealed that immigrants are one of the integral parts in the national security, as in the current scenario there were more than around 114,000 foreign-born immigrants in the US armed force, which represents around 8% of overall military personnel10. Apparently, the current president of the nation has undertaken his job and responsibility very seriously in order to strengthen the immigration laws prevailing in the nation. Besides, in the 21st century the official administration has incorporated unprecedented resources in order to secure the national borders, and take important steps to incorporate improvements within the legal immigration system11. Moreover, in accordance to ensure the health and needful immigration activities in the country the federal government has taken significant initiatives that includes enhancing the strengths of ‘Border Patrol’ to approximately double, for instance the number of “Border Patrol”, which was 10,000 in 2004 increased to 20,700 in the year 2010. Additionally, the resources has also enhanced through proper establishment of institutions such as ‘Immigration and Customs Enforcement’ (ICE), ‘Department of Homeland Security’s’ (DHS) to trace down the immigration process and activities. Statistically, in the 21st century there were around 12% immigrants within the US economy, which play a considerable role in enhancing the entrepreneurial spirits and uniqueness in the nation to encourage the overall productivity of the country. Moreover, in the context of the environment of 21st century play an important role in creating the job in the US. Notably, in terms of the statistics in the nation 25% of the highest-growth business organization in between the period of 1990 to 2005 has been started by immigrants, which provides considerable job opportunities to around 220,000 Americans12. Yahoo, Google, eBay and Intel is the most popular businesses that have been found by immigrants, which is likely to drive the leadership abilities of the US in the computer as well as internet revolution in the world economy. Nevertheless, such immigrants are also regarded to provide momentous competitive advantage to the US around the world. The evidence has ascertained the fact that in the US, most of the new businesses are established by immigrants and they are regarded as prolific inventors in the country. Besides, the aspect of generating new ideas that led to formation and creation of the superior products and jobs in the different sectors including the pharmaceuticals and information technology are key contribution that are made to the economy of the nation by immigrants. Thus, in the 21st century with the aspect of the immigration the US economy concentrated over encouraging the people who came up with the new ideas of formation of businesses, industries, and enhance the job opportunity in the nation13. Statistically, immigrants having the aspects of 30% over the non-immigrants to setup new business in the nation, which represents around 16.7% of all new business owners in the nation. Additionally, business owners that are recognized to be immigrants in the nation has significant contributions of considerable amount in the overall business income of the nation, which was recognized to be around 67 billion US dollars in overall of 577 billion US dollars. On the other hand, the statistics also reveal the fact that the immigrants in the US economy owns one fifth of the business shares in the arts, entertainments as well as recreation industries along with having equal contribution over the transportation, as well as retail industries14. Figure: Mexican Immigrant Population in the US from 1980 to 2013 Source:15 According to Batalova and Terrazas16 immigrants population in the US within 2009 is accounted to be around 12.5% of the overall population and the Mexican-born immigrants were around 29.8% of all foreign people residing the nation. Besides, in the context, of the US economy it provides great level of working flexibility and allows the supply of the workforce the meet the raising demand. In this consideration, statistic has highlighted that in nation there were around 11 million undocumented workers in the nation, which is neither significant for the economy nor for the nation. Additionally, nation needs to take effective steps towards fixing such drawbacks that are persisting within the old immigration system. Moreover, taking heed of such considerations president Obama has made it clear that democrats and national congress will work towards enhancing the immigration reform by strengthening securities in the borders. Parallel, to securing the borders, the president even plans towards holding the business accountable for enhancing the practices of undocumented worker hiring and made the legal immigration approach in line with the needs and specifications of the 21st century17. In respect to the process of immigration its effect over the social forces, internal and external environment can involuntarily translated into the political outcome that is often medicated by the process that is prominent within the political structure of the nation. Moreover, as the aspect of international immigration issues reflects on major threat for the national economy, it requires considerable political interference by measuring the possible impact of the same for the nation. Besides, in the 21st century various scenarios reflect on the fact that for the US, immigrants play a key role and are highly entrepreneurial. Moreover, in this consideration such immigration reform in the current environment helps to encourage migration of highly educated as well as skilled people from different nations to reside within the economy and build a highly competitive nation. Similarly, such act also encourages forming diversification and investment in the US environment. According to the official report, it has been highlighted that immigration reform in the 21st century in the context of the US has also increased the productivity, that significantly help to enhance the GDP and wages system. Moreover, such productivity is directly related with the immigrants’ inventions and business units. In the context, the tax paid by the immigrants does not only play an important role in offset of the new genre of spending of the nation, but also help in reduction in the budgetary deficits of the federal government. Thus, it has been predicted that if such immigration is in constant progress within the nation it will assist the nation to remove the budget deficit in the federal fund by 850 US billion in the coming next 20 years. Conceptually, the aspect of immigration of US workers’ productivity and led to rise the average wages of the works in the long run. In the overall approach with the significant benefits from the process of the immigration, the US government is also planning to make reform in the immigration policies to encouraging foreign talent. Moreover, the students in priority fields are encouraged to stay in the US allowing them to obtain the green card and contribute for the benefits of American economy18. Conclusion The above discussion, affirmed that in the context of the 21st century, the process of immigration has recognized immense growth and plays an integral role in the overall development of an economy. Additionally, in the global environment with eventual growth in population people have relatively started to move towards the high income countries. Besides, the discussion affirms the fact that moving to another country does not regard the people to be an immigrant without the consideration of the aspect of moving to stay in that particular nation. Relatively, the US is among the top destination within the international peripheral that recognizes immense level of immigration and has the largest number immigrants within the nation. Statically, it has been revealed that Indian people are most like to reside in the other parts of the world and the US and UAE is top destination for the Indian immigrants. Besides, in this context, the US environment has a certain level of political interference that largely reflected that the aspect of immigration are allowed to foster the national economy with due consideration of the fact that it ensure adequate, efficient and high economic growth. Additionally, the democrats while formulating such system provide maximization towards fostering economic growth of the economy. Moreover, in the context of the global economy the aspect of immigration is recognized to provide an integral impact on the different challenging aspect. However, due to high negativity associated with the different aspects that are associated with the political system has made the situation a highly challenging aspect associated with the issues of immigration. Additionally, in the 21st century for any economy the aspect of the immigration is important in establishing the economy in an optimal manner that has been creating a severe impact on the different aspects of the nation. References Anderson, Stuart, Immigration. USA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Batalova, Jeanne, and Aaron Terrazas. 2010. “Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States.” Accessed May 12, 2015. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states-1 Inkpen, Christopher. “7 Facts about World Migration.” Accessed May 12, 2015. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/09/02/7-facts-about-world-migration/ Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. 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