Female Qualities - Research Paper Example

UNDESERVED POPULATION Definition A woman is an adult female human being. Women are capable of giving birth from the puberty stageuntil they reach menopause. Throughout history until current times, women assume various social roles. Female qualities are used as a base of different view of gender roles in various communities. Due to these view on women’s gender roles, some communities prohibit women from carrying out responsibility on several roles in society that are considered to be male duties. This caused adverse distinctive aspects in today’s community1. The current society portrays different gender roles from the ancient community. In prehistoric times, the women gathered firewood, honey and herbs for the family. In the modern community, occupations depend on the relevant skills acquired for different fields. This also depends on the production levels present in the society. However, segregation of duties largely depends on the stereotype of the community towards gender. In history, several women took up various social responsibilities. Merit Ptah from Egypt is one of the earliest known scientists and physician as well as Baranamtarra who was an influential queen of Lugalanda. In most other communities, women assumed roles based on their cultural setup2. Issues Facing Women Some issues affecting the female gender include health issues especially in regards to reproduction, gender equality. Maternal deaths occur when a woman is pregnant or during termination of a pregnancy. The World Health Organization records that about 99% of worldwide maternal deaths occur in the Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, which are developing nations3. The developed nations came up with reproductive rights and freedoms. These rights give women an avenue to have control over their sexuality responsibilities. This prevents them from being discriminated due to their femininism as well as violence occurrences. The rights also enforce equality in men and women relationships, sexually, mutual respect, shared responsibility for the consequences of sexual behaviour as well as giving full respect for each partner’s integrity4. These rights are said to be violated when a female is forced into sterilization, into or out of pregnancy. Enforced pregnancies occur as a result of lack of contraceptive or abortion facilities as well as inefficient sexual violence laws. Scheidler Vs. National Organization For Women An example of a case which dealt with women’s reproductive rights includes the Scheidler Vs. National Organization for women. In this case, NOW filed a case against individuals and institutions who allegedly opposed the right to abortion. The assertions claimed that the restriction to shut down abortion clinics violated the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. In addition to violating the Act, the nationwide conspiracy involved extortion Acts, which violate the Hobbs Act. Amongst the things claimed to be extorted was the right to access and seek medical services from abortion clinics as well as the rights of the concerned doctors to perform their duties. Through the assistance of the District Court, an injunction against abortion opponents was made. On the other hand, the court of appeal upheld in part the claims on extortion, which it claimed to be properties obtained for the purposes of the Hobbs Act. Ruling Through a majority decision, the court of Appeal’s findings held that abortion opponents did not commit extortion on properties alleged to be obtained for purposes of the Hobbs Act5. The findings claimed that the opponents did not pursue nor receive any valuables from the supporters that could be transferred, sold or exercised. This opinion, delivered by Chief justice William Rehnquist further held that the abortion opponents did not commit an offense of coercion since the holding lacked sufficient evidence to prove violation against RICO. Though the alleged claims did not hold, the case is a prove that efforts have been made in regards to protecting women’s reproductive health6 (John, Jost, 2005). United States Vs Virginia Another case to consider would be the United States Vs Virginia, in 1995. The Virginia Military Institute in Virginia for a long time provided undergraduate higher education to male students alone. The education institute claimed that their mode of admission ensured further education diversity. The nation alleged that the admissions made by the institute as unconstitutional. This was due to the fact that it violated the 14th amendment equality protection clause7. The District Courts’ ruling held in favor of the institute, whereas an appeal made against the ruling found the admissions to be unconstitutional. This necessitated the proposal of building a similar institute for women so as to fulfill the protection of equality clause. This could ensure that women acquired similar educational benefits from the new institute as men acquired from the Virginia Military Institute. However the new women’s educational institute would not offer similar benefits to women as the initial institute would to men. Women would be denied of the financial benefits, social benefits such as alumni reputation and connections. They would also not gain access to adverse military training, facilities or strong faculties as those in the men’s institute. This ruling evidenced the fact that a substantive comparability lacked between the two institutions. one of the factors leading to his decision being that the court required a heightened scrutiny on the substantive comparability standard. With the occurrence of similar cases such as these, the fight for the protection of women’s rights would strengthen in the future. It also portrays a rigid society, in which the effective enforcement of women’s rights is yet to occur. Though the facts to prove inequality were accepted, implementing an institution which would bring equality proved to be an outstanding challenge. This could be a trend in many communities, which requires enthusiasm and great devotion to achieve the equality target. Current Status of Women Currently, the fight for equality in the USA maintains at a low level. In the provision of economic opportunity’s for women, America ranks high in the world. However, in political leadership areas, its level is still low. Out of the counted 142 countries worldwide, America ranked as the twentieth country in curbing gender inequality. The focus of this research is to evaluate the change in educational attainment, health, political and economic participation worldwide in regards to gender. Worldwide, no country has perfectly implemented gender equality8. Consequently, most developing nations maintain a gender inequality community. Iceland has the highest score in protecting women’s rights followed by other developed nations. Less developed nations such as Nicaragua and Rwanda rank in the top ten category in attaining gender equality. Using the current equality levels, the elimination of the gender gap is expected to occur in the next 80 years for America. In recent times, the fight for the implementation of women’s rights still remains. The president of the USA, in support to women’s rights appointed Solicitor Elana to replace Justice John Stevenson the supreme court9. With an outstanding record as the first female Dean of HAVARD law school, as well as serving the USA as solicitor General, this action pleased the Center for reproductive Rights’ president, Nancy Northup. This occurred at a time when the well known fact of a woman’s right to abortion is under constant threat. This is due to the deliberate weakening of this right by a variety of restrictions. These restrictions have led to the driving out of abortion providers out of practice, thus endangering women’s health, as well as invading into women’s privacy10. There is an increased record of numerous lawsuits against women performing abortion in the present times as compared to the past. The anti choice movement has also contributed to this increase through aggressively pushing out most of the radical legislations such as Roe. Women could only hope that Ms. Elana’s view on the constitution aims at protecting women seeking abortions. This would significantly strengthen the weakened constitutional right in regard to women. Conclusion In conclusion, protecting women’s rights is a noble thing to do for all communities. It should be noted that it requires the changing mindset of great multitudes of people worldwide for it to be achieved. Due to the assumed role of women to nurture their siblings, the contribution of men to housework and childcare remains low. This renders working women to have two jobs concurrently; one at the workplace and the other at home (Brad, Sears 2014). The remaining challenge in all society’s is curbing the predominant stereotypes and recognizing each individual’s contribution in society. This will to a great extent reduce cases of ineqauality both at the workplace and the community at large. Bibliography Paula, England. Gender Inequality in Labor Markets: The Role of Motherhood and Segregation. (Summer, 2005), 264-288. Hausmann, Ricardo et al. The Global Gender Gap Report: 2012. (World Economic Forum, 2012) Brad, Sears et al. Biais In the Workplace: Consistent Evidence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination. (The Williams Institute, 2014) John, Jost et al. Exposure to Benevolent Sexism and Complementary Gender Stereotypes: Consequences for Specific and Diffuse forms of System Justification. (2005) 498-509. Margaret M.et al. Women and Political Participation. (2013) 231-233. Read More