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It is said that every state in the United States and the District of Columbia has a law prohibiting cruelty to animals.... The penal provisions range from fines to imprisonment of up to five years (Cruelty law).... Animal Welfare Act of 1966 Following these observations and insights on the Vick's case, it would be relevant to take a look at the Animal Welfare Act which is the federal law approved in 1966 to provide regulation for animal research facilities, state-run shelters and pounds and transport of stolen animals....
criminal law, Torts too will support sports personalities within the legal frame work.... Sports law whether it is drawing from the civil law or from the criminal law, keeps in mind that sports is the ultimate gainer.... When we talk about the controlling, we unwittingly venture into the arena of Sports law.... Any deviation from this law is punishable and the rough play, foul mouthing, un-sportsman-like behaviour, hooliganism by fans are all controlled through civil and criminal laws of the land and through the international sports law....
There are federal standards that serve as guidelines, but states are free to create and enforce their own definitions so long as the state definitions do not conflict with federal law.... The main conflict occurs between law enforcement officials and mental health or welfare professionals; indeed, as noted by McBride, "In virtually every state in the country, law enforcement has a legal mandate to be involved in child abuse and neglect investigations....
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The paper "Two Treatments for the criminal Mind - Social Approach and Situational Approaches" carries out an in-depth investigation into the reasons to commit crimes, and gives examples of ecological settings, nominal and interpersonal situations, and psychological features as well as a possible situational framework for studying aggression.... The external social environment is becoming more and more criminal.... There are two major approaches to the criminal mind....
It is a word that not many people like to hear or worse experience it, but yet, from time immemorial rape has found its way into our society and is here to stay as long as we have criminal minded and dominating characters around us.... Children and women are the vulnerable victims that are forced to endure a rapist's demands.... n 2002, there were 247,730 victims of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault, approximately half of whom knew their assailant as either a friend or an acquaintance....
The author of "The Concept of Property rights in Art and Entertainment Law" paper argues that justification of property rights is based on certain economic formulas; which explains that property rights are the most efficient means of producing social wealth.... The trade secrets law also applies in the painting business of Georgia.... Trade secrets are protected through state law; the secret should not be common knowledge in public.... Lecturer Case Study on Arts and Entertainment Laws Introduction Art law involves many aspects of law; hence it is multidisciplinary....
ndigenous knowledge is crucial to the indigenous community's interests and rights in biological diversity, medicinal substances, sacred objects and sites, land management, and arts(Taylor 2008, p.... This paper ''Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous People'' tells that Indigenous people argue that the intellectual property rights in Australia do not offer sufficient protection of their traditional systems.... ndigenous people argue that the intellectual property rights in Australia do not offer sufficient protection of their traditional systems and cultures (Anderson 2005, p....
Under this Act even computer software as a form of literary work and large data bases form copyrighted material have been given protection under the Copyright and rights in Databases Regulations 1997.... he advent of new technology has indeed threatened the concept of ownership with in property rights in terms of intangible property.... The paper "Area of Intellectual Property law " discusses that it is essential to state that the response of Copyright laws and technology has therefore been equally strong to prevent copyright infringement but this has not exactly been done consistently....
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More often changes in the decisions of Supreme Court may be caused by change in an issue or by changes in the behavior of individual justices but membership change is also seen as the most obvious source of change in constitutional law and judicial policy making (Smith & Johnson, 1992).... Under his leadership, the court accomplished this law that deals with federal system by overturning a number of these laws.... police department could not take to court the police chief for violating the 14th amendment's guarantee of due process of law (Smith & Johnson, 1992)....
Criminal procedure is composed f the rules governing the series f proceedings through which the substantive criminal law is enforced.... It is public opinion that there are many abuses in criminal procedure.... The assignment "Criminal Court Visit" portrays the perception of criminal procedures and the courts have the public concerned f how safe they really are from deviants of the law and if the guilty parties are being punished accordingly....
An appointed counsel must also meet the following competency; the counsel must be of typical competency in identifying legal issues and defenses in the military criminal law field.... Service members in the military, relish analogous rights secured by the statute and executive order, a military law gives the defendant, the right to counsel before a special or general court-martial or an Art.... The court-martial is designed to try criminal cases though it should thoroughly inquire on both sides of the problem....
This helped me consider the concept of misuse laterally and consider the wider issues covered by the term “computer misuse” in criminal law.
... The focus of this analysis is to consider the definition of the term 'computer misuse' within the context of UK criminal law.... The focus of this analysis is to consider the definition of the term “computer misuse” within the context of UK criminal law.... However, this provision has been attacked on grounds that there is no requirement for proof of malicious intent and therefore it could result in criminal liability for exclusive private use on a home computer system (open rights group forum at www....
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The researcher of this paper highlights that technology has been playing an evidently important role towards the betterment of law enforcement management strategies and information.... The progress of computer technology has resulted in the increase of competition in the different levels of law enforcement agencies.... law enforcement agencies are expected to conduct investigations, utilize the finest technology available in the world.... law Enforcement
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It is essential to understand one's own rights in order for human dignity to prevail.... here are also political rights in the Universal Declaration.... "THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN rights in INTERNATIONAL LAW .... According to the Declaration ‘The law is the same for everyone.... The law should be same for everyone in order for a person to live freely.... People from the lower class can only get justice if and only if law sees everyone with equal eyes....
At the same time, however, they have carried forward a core set of older assumptions about the nation, God's place within it, law and order, and limited government precepts that resonated with the new circumstances of life of many post-World War II middle- and lower-middle-class (especially white) Americans -- Catholics and Protestants alike -- particularly in the South and West.... This paper ''The Conservatism of New rights'' tells us that After the end of the First World War, the two superpowers emerged, one was America and the other was Russia....
Therefore, individuals try to avoid being subjected neither under the influence of common principle nor under the external law that may force them to harmonize with the freedom of all the people.... This means that each person can seek happiness by all means that pleases him or her, provided that particular person does not infringe on the freedom of other people to achieve the same goal that can be reconciled with the freedom of all the people in a practicable general law....
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This was a time the law enforcers seemed incapacitated to control the high home attack rates that plagued the residents.... “Make my day law” was first introduced in Colorado in 1985 out of the need to control high home invasion crime rates that was rampant in this state.... This improved law justified the use of any force, including one that may result in the intruder's death, to protect citizens from court litigations that may result in them serving a jail term (Willibanks, p....
This essay "North Carolina v Norman" sheds some light on women who still suffer from terrible discrimination.... Even in the most developed countries, they are severely abused by men everywhere: at work, in families, or simply in the street.... ... ... ... When a woman is abused in the street or at work, which are public places, she usually applies to court as there are many witnesses of the abuse and she was abused by an alien....
In other words, the rapist and the instruments of power, such as the law transform the female body into machinery for exploitation that can be abused, rearranged, and improved (Marhia 5-9).... his argument is consistent with findings by Heyes (5), who attempts to show that the intervention of the criminal justice systems into “sexual violence would only normalise the practices of power or domination, in this case, male domination over women.... he docility of body, as depicted by Gowen (1a) in the case, also brings to light the rape myths in the criminal justice procedures....
It, for this reason, qualifies some sexual harassment types as offences under the criminal law.... The law protects employees or even job applicants from being harassed at the workplace just because of their sex.... The essay, for this reason, aims at discussing some of the ethical, as well as legal issues around sexual harassment in the workplace, as well as how law and ethical codes of conduct can be applied to this issue.... At the same time, Im expected in my career to provide guidelines on how to solve such issues in the society and how to apply law and ethical regulations when going about solving the issues (Yieke, 2004)....
This allows them to return to the society and continue with their criminal activities.... This way, taking the life of the criminal, ensures with maximum certainty that the crime will not be committed again, but by the same person.... This way punishing people by having theme serve time in prison where they cannot enjoy their freedom and some rights reduces the chances of similar crimes recurring, either perpetrated by the same person or other members of the society....
Nevertheless in the case of ADT v United Kingdom8, it was held that the state's margin of appreciation will be limited where the criminal law has been exclusively utilised as a tool against a particular group on grounds of their sexual orientation9.... The paper "The Impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on Individuals" states that the margin of appreciation afforded by the HRA 1998 has resulted in an inconsistency in application with the qualified applicants for ECHR rights in certain circumstances....
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It outlines organs and agencies that United Nations has provided to nations as watchdogs and helpers, and it also critically analysis their role and writ over the nations.... International law in this context has a lot to tell about its formulation and evolution thereafter.... United Nations Role in Public International law Introduction to the Role of United Nations: United Nations came into being after the WWII, in sequel to the platform of League of Nations, on 24 October, 1945....
In the paper 'Stress and law Enforcement Officers' the author focuses on occupational trauma as a key causal factor to stress in law enforcement.... law enforcers are expected to run into serious incidents, such as sudden deaths, as part of their regular daily responsibilities.... The author states that a law enforcer is also expected to deal with a number of profoundly disheartening social situations (e.... Sadly, in roughly 35% of such incidents turns into an actual trauma for the law enforcer....
Ethics and Accountability in criminal Justice: Towards a Universal Standard.... The Role of the Judge in Integrity and Ethics The future expected role is as a judge in a court of law.... One, the judge has to have an element of compliance with the law.... As one of the most senior persons in the criminal justice system, the judge has to set an example of how the accused has to abide by the law by observing the law to the best extent possible....
Moreover, extensive technology application has heightened as crime prevention units try to keep up with advancement in application of modern day appliances to engage in criminal activities.... In the past, the police force applied ancient technology such as pocket book to record information and source information while the night stick was used as a weapon to maintain law and order.... Running head: criminal Technology from the Past into the Future criminal Technology from the Past into the Future Insert Name Insert Insert 04 March 2011 Evolution criminal Justice Technology Introduction A criminal activity has in the recent past become easier to undertake due to the application of technology, which concurrently evolves with criminality....
This paper seeks to analyze and discuss the statement that “law enforcement and practice, particularly at the street level, can have a negative impact upon harm reduction outcomes.... ?? This will identify and critically analyze the relationship between law enforcement and harm reduction aims.... This paper will also examine ways in which law enforcement practice may exacerbate drug related harms.... This paper maintains that law enforcement is one of the means to prevent drug related crimes but the process of crime prevention may result to unintended harm....
The legal system is to a large extent consist of criminal law with an intricate mix of statutes and custom.... They are entrusted with making decisions on the verdict in criminal cases and assessing the penalty for the guilty.... He usually does not let politics to interfere with the performance of his role and only makes laws wherein the legislature has not provided the relevant legislation.... The paper "Comparative Legal Traditions law" highlights that generally, the bench is viewed as a mode of strategy to cover up for the ill practices and corruption that exist in the judicial system as most functions are performed by state-appointed officials....
The accused person is also protected from irrational search by law enforcers, which in the past as Neocleous (2004) noted, was used to provide false information against the accused especially when it was conducted in his/her absence.... This has been avoided through enforcement of the law against the practice in many criminal justice systems.... Sometimes the law enforcement agents arrest the accused without offering adequate reasons for accusation or denying him/her to have a meeting with the witnesses who testifies against them....
Criminal Justice Policy Issues: Arizona Immigration law [Name] [Date] Introduction The status of immigrants has always been a controversial and challenging issue for many governments.... President Obama makes an emphasis on the necessity of immigration regulating laws development and he considers this law “to undermine basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans, as well as the trust between police and our communities that is so crucial to keeping us safe” (Anti-Immigration law)....
Strict policies and law enforcement is required so that this abuse of human life could be stopped.... Human trafficking cases should be heard on different legal grounds and law making is required in this regard.... Police and law enforcement agencies can also track human traffickers in this way.... A strict policy is required to fight this crime which should include a special task force, a legislation that allows law enforcement agencies to hold alleged traffickers and reforms in justice system so that insufficient evidence cannot allow human traffickers to go free....
The author of this essay "Sharia law in Islam" comments on the legal issues of Islam.... Sharia law in Islam
... However, those who believe this are not well informed about the exact Sharia law concerning such offenders.... However, after being taken into custody and judged by Sharia law, she was given a chance to appeal and explain herself.... Moreover, Sharia law does not require to be imposed on non-Sharia following countries because it is mainly concerned with the Muslims' way of living, rather than national law.
...
The "Business law and Child Labor Laws" paper argues that people should do their best to ensure that no child faces such harassment in their presence.... Mg 261 Business law II/ Child Labor Laws Mg 261 Business law II/ Child Labor Laws Child labor may be defined as work that may lead to harm on children and may as well cause them not to attend school.... This is considered as being illegal by the law.... For a condition to be considered as child labor, it has to have some characteristics that the law does not permit....
ccording to Rawls, global justice is identified as diverse and a factor that he may not justify though there is a relation of social justice to global law.... Corruption has been identified as a measure that counters the prevalence of the rule of law with democracy undermined.... ith Disabilities And The Quiet Revolution In International law, Public Space: The Journal of law and Social Justice, 4: 74-91.... The other example is evident in linking African Americans to cases of robbery, drug dealing within communities filled with reported criminal cases....
The Federal and local States prohibit driving when under the influence of alcohol or any other drug that may influence the driver's Public Health and the law: Road Safety Road safety is one of the areas that need concerted efforts of both the federal and local authority.... The federal and local states ensure that there are requisite gadgets to ensure that there is surveillance to enable law enforcers to effectively monitor road use.... This, to a certain extent, is because Federal laws cut across states and can be pursued from any court of law in the United States of America....
Realising Sexual and Reproductive Health rights in Kenya: A myth or reality?... ecause of this, the World Health Organization International Human Rights law and Health Care al Affiliation International Human Rights law and Health Care Human rights violations have dominated many countries across all continents in the world.... International law on human rights recognizes that people have a right to treatment in least restrictive environment and within their communities....
Basically, this is viewed as the base for recognition of human rights in an official manner.... Basically, this is viewed as the base for recognition of human rights in an official manner.... These movements took place during a period when the African American rights in the United States of America were being undermined by the whites.... ifferent groups of citizens have been fighting for the fundamental rights in the American constitution....
Basically, this is viewed as the base for the recognition of human rights in an official manner.... Basically, this is viewed as the base for recognition of human rights in an official manner.... These movements took place during a period when the African American rights in the United States of America were being undermined by the whites.... Different groups of citizens have been fighting for the fundamental rights in the American constitution....
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If the agencies are already aware of what measures they can take at a particular situation, they would not take much time in responding if the situation actually takes place; not only in criminal agencies but also in many other kind of organizations, such as hospitals, multinational corporations, banks and other companies.... In law enforcement, there is a huge carefulness which makes it very important; police discretion refers to the autonomy of a justice agency or individual officer working in that or any other justice agency to choose to involve in a certain situation to handle it or not (Tibettes, 1998)....
Not all rights in the convention and protocols carry the same weight (Harris et al.... This was due to need for UK to have a law that would help in protecting and promoting civil liberties and human rights in the British courts (Ewing, 1999).... Through incorporation of main provisions under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) into the domestic law, the Act was able to change UK approach to enforce the ECHR into the UK courts.... From an international law perspective UK is expected to observe ECHR in their courts (Donald, Gordon, & Leach, 2012)....
criminal law has been described as “a coercive weapon of the state's dominant class” (Petee, 1987).... Psychological factors and cognitive development also have been theorized to play a role in criminal behavior.... According to the theory, “each person is surrounded by people, definitions, norms, and behavior patterns that differ in that some are favorable to law violation while others are not.... ? This identity invites public scrutinisation which could seem to cause the person to be shamed into obeying the law....
?? in criminal Justice in Ireland, ed.... “Human rights in Irish Prisons.... Human rights in Prison: The Professional Training
... The paper 'How Prison Officers Can Benefit from Improved Human Rights Conditions in Prisons' is a dramatic example of an essay on the law.... The underlying motive behind the institution's motto entails the management of custodial sentences such that offenders are transformed into law-abiding citizens....
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For example, the work of Robert Agnew, which emphasised the psychological impacts of Merton's strain theory, has led to the promotion of social justice in criminal policy.... ‘…a person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favourable to violation of law over definitions unfavourable to violation of law….... To what extent is criminal behaviour influenced by environmental factors?... Clearly, these theories do not explain criminal or deviant behaviour sufficiently well – for example, they have nothing to say about crimes of ‘strict liability' where committing the actus reus without mens rea is sufficient to label one a criminal; e....
Under the control model, deviant behaviour is brought into conformity with the law as the law is considered to be morally legitimate.... he affirmation of the moral superiority of the law above deviant behaviour is established through socializing institutions in society, like the family, the school and the church.... Through agreed reparative activities like the rendering of an apology to the victim, the payment of restitution, and the undertaking of community work, the offender's deviant behaviour is brought into conformity with the acceptable social norm (or law)....
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Consequently, abducting, kidnapping and unwilling shifting of the humans to the place of kidnappers' choice, and inflicting forced labor, involuntary prostitution or every type of enforced and imposed incarceration as well as toil and drudgery upon them, beyond the provisions of law are categorically regarded to be the offence of human trafficking (US Department of State, 2008, p.... he hazardous increase in trafficking offences in America is partly due to the very fact that administering and assuring of law and order in such a large, populated and culturally diverse country could not be stated to be an abnormal issue (Hagan, 2002, p....
Hath not a Jew eyes?... hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions?... fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian.... ... ... if you tickle us, do we not laugh?...
Legally speaking, the opponents of the process argue that restorative justice tends to manipulate and unfairly coerce the participants, who are the victims to forgive the offenders than the legal rules and rights would allow when they are put in the formal justice institutions (Sullivan & Tifft, 2001).... There are multiple grounds as to why the process of reaching an agreement may be difficult when even compared to just sentencing the particular offender in the court of law (Strang & Sherman, 2003)....
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It is ironical when a defendant is asked to wholesomely respond to evidence and information from a quack (Wilson, 2009, Journal of criminal law).... Baldwin's case (2009, Journal of criminal law), despite being regarded as highly qualified academically, not all his evidence should have been automatically admitted by any law court (Durham Law Review, 2005, Wales Law Commission Report).... Baldwin's story (2009, Journal of criminal law).... Due to his BA, MA and PHD academic credentials, one judge known as Bingham LJ automatically admitted the evidences he tabled in the field on phonetics (Wilson, 2009, Journal of criminal law)....
The principles of natural justice requires that a person who stands charged with a criminal offence needs to be mentally fit to undergo trial.... Therefore, it transpires that the person undergoing a trial needs to be in a competent state of mind for standing trial and this covenant should form the basis of criminal jurisprudence....
This paper outlines the term "rights", characteristics of human rights, the relationship between rights in each society, and the full equality of human rights.... uman rights in all their aspects, as described above, tend to interact.... nother example that shows the relationship between rights in each society is the following: corporate rights are based on the need of a business to secure the wealth of its shareholders (Teeple 2004, p.... Indeed, the expansion of human rights worldwide, at least as a concept, cannot be doubted; still, the respect of human rights in all countries has not been secured (Mutua 2011)....