History of Christian Thought in Questions - Coursework Example

Review # 9 (WS 17, 18 The emperor Julian 2) together with his half-brother Gallus was the only survivor of the mass purge and massacre of Constantine’s family; 3) remembered how he had been placed under the care of Mardonius, a enunch, perhaps a Gothic slave, whose puritan values and love of the classics instilled in him strictness and deference in his early training; 5) received some of his education under Bishop George, a man of humble background and tactless manner who was lynched on Christmas Eve 361. 2. True 3. False 4. Julian maintained that the Divine Word was not to be identified with Christ, but with power and glory of King Helios, the Sun. 5. True 6. Julian had a romantic attachment to all things Greek – philosophy, religion and way of life, believing that the Gods of Hellas (Zeus, Athene and Hermes) were his benefactors, friends and saviors. 7. True 8. False 9. Julian 1) after a study of Julius Ceasar’s Commentaries caught the Alamanni (Germanic tribes) off guard and decimated their army of 30,000 capturing their king Chnodomar and killing 6,000 of his troops; 2) was proclaimed Augustus after being hoisted, Germanic fashion on a shield; 4) was designated as the new emperor by Constantius, who struck down, probably with malaria, died at the age of 44 in Cilicia. 10. True 11. False 12. True 13. False 14. Julian 2) that all tax collectors be reminded that after five years’ work they could be challenged to answer complaints of fraud; 4) hoped to establish a pagan priesthood of high moral integrity and exemplary standing. 15. True 16. Julian made a concerted effort 2) to leave Christians alone but to prefer pagans for official appointments; 3) to show how social neglect had aided the Christian triumph; 6) to restore the temple in Jerusalem 17. True 18. True 19. True 20. True 21. True 22. The three major sees in the East were Constantinople, Alexandria and Antioch. 23. Valentinian 1) remained first and foremost a soldier who saw the effective defense of the Rhine border as his major task. 24. Ambrose of Milan 1) was consecrated as Bishop after he had been baptized and rushed through various ecclesiastical grades in 8 days; 4) molded Western Christian liturgy and hymnody in the direction of congregational life; 5) aimed at bringing prominent Illyrian bishops to trial for heresy before their fellow bishops and thus strike a decisive blow at Arian Christianity in the West. 25. 7. Gratian: Valentinian’s son who became emperor of the Gallic, Italian and North African provinces, leaving his half-brother as emperor in the Balkans 5. Ausonius: A poet who as a classical first, and a Christian second exerted great influence on Gratian. 9.Justina: Through her praetorian prefect of Italy, she asked for the Portian basilica situated outside the walls of Milan to be used for homoean worship to which Ambrose said no. 3.Theodosuis: Since in the summer of 390, the inhabitants of Thessalonica rioted and killed one of his officers, he had the citizens invited to the amphitheater ostensibly for a special show, but then had them all massacred. 1.Ambrose: As the most influential cleric in the West in his time, he and not the Pope did more for the overthrow of Afrianism and paganism and for establishing the superiority of the Church over the State than anyone else. 26. True 27. False 28. Basil, the Great 1) was one of the venerable exemplars of orthodox doctrine and the ascetic way of life; 3) was strongly anti-subordinationist and remained an opponent of Sabellianism; 4) regarded the Pope as “stuck-up and haughty, seated somewhere up above and on that account unable to hear those on the ground, who were telling the truth.” 29. True 30. True 31. True 32. Review # 10 (WS 19, 20) 1. During the 4th century, the influence of the North African Church had dramatically 1) declined since the day of Cyprian 2. Caecilian and his ideas were 2) rejected by the vast majority of African Christians 3. 6. Pelagius: The “Punic Sophist” 2. Alaric: Captured Rome on August 24, 410 5.Donatists: “He who knowingly receives faith from the faithless receives not faith but guilt” 7. Tyconius: Profoundly affected future Western interpretation of Scripture 3. Maximian: A deacon who led the opposition to Primian, a ruthless power seeking Donatist ecclesiastic 4. Augustine: His mother, Monica, was a Christian who left a profound impact on her son. 1. Confessions: The first spiritual autobiography in the history of Christianity 8. Manichees: Known for their chastity and continence 4. The Donatists 5. Augustine 3) converted to Manichaeism and remained with this movement nine years through the formative period of his life; 5) found in Platonisn a sufficient explanations to his spiritual questions; 6) was powerfully moved by his readings of Romans 13:13,14, and 8 months later, on Easter was baptized. 6. During the years, 400-412, Augustine 2) defended communion with the apostolic sees while maintaining that the Church on earth must be a “mixed body”; 3) sought to justify the State’s intervention in the religious lives of its subjects so that persecution became accepted as part of its role; 5) wrote that sin was just not the matter of wanton acts but a desperate condition of humanity itself. 7. The bishop of Milan who played such a pivotal role in the conversion of Augustine was Bishop Ambrose 8. Augustine developed his two kingdom theory in the famous writing entitled Retractationes (Revision). 9. Pelagius 2) maintained that the human problem had its roots in habits and practice and not in nature; 3) was strongly anti-Manichean; 5) taught that since human will is free, God assists people when they choose the good; 6) was ex-communicated even though he had strong support in Ephesus, Jerusalem and Rome. 10. Because of his stance on free will and the sinful human condition Augustine defended the validity of baptism for cleansing the human soul. 11. Antoninus 1) was appointed Bishop of Fussala even though he was far below the age for promotion to the presbyterate, let alone the episcopate 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. True 16. False 17. The end of the pagan ideals 1) was due, in part, to the decline, and finally the end of Roman aeterna as a political ideal 18. Aurelius Symmachus ( d .ca. 401) 2) is representative for the conflict between Christianity and paganism in the 4th century by maintaining that religion, pagan as well as Christian, had moved towards accepting a universal monotheism; 3) writes about the “scandal” of terminating state subsidies to the Virgins and the sacrificial cult. 19. True 20. True 21. False 22. In the last quarter of the 4th century 1) energetic bishops in the West began to spead Christianity beyond the walls of the major cities into the areas hardly touched by evangelism; 3) traffics in relics was on the rise 23. Guilt over disproportionate wealth, personal tragedies, unfortunate sexual experiences, and deep fear of judgement all conspired to promote movements of withdrawl from the world called 24. Priscillian 2) converted to Christianity that required the strictest kind of ascetism; 6) represents for the first time a Christian condemned to death because of what appeared to be a religious issue 25. Paulinus 1) forsook a secular career to serve until his death as the faithful guardian of the shrine of the martyr St. Felix of Nola; 2) rose up from poverty to live a well-provided life in retirement at Nola 26. Jerome 2) was highly motivated by the high ethical lives of Christians in his hometoen of Dalmatia; 5) found great support in the desert of Chalcis where other ascetics live. 27. 3. John Cassian: founded the monastery at Lerin 1.Paulus Orosius: responsible for the emergence of ordered monasteries in Gaul 2. Honoratus: History against the Pagans 28. 1. The internal conflicts between the different forms of religions 2. the arguments between the Church and the State 3. the threats of invasion from outside enemies Read More