The Psychological State of the Company - Coursework Example

CRITICAL THINKING

IMPORTANCE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES FOR UNDERSTANDING EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOUR

Introduction

In all job places, it is important for the employees to be trained and be watched on how they perform as per their knowledge and skills in the specific skills that they engage in. However, the individual performance in these jobs depends on the psychological state of these individuals as well as their real characters that regulate how motivated or determined they act under the specific duties. For an organization to improve the effectiveness of the formal training and the learning of the new individuals, it has to look at the relevance of the new knowledge. An individual who has learned to solve certain issues attached to duty should be skilled and have the correct procedures in solving such. Cognitive psychology is one of the main element through which an employee may reveal their skills and knowledge in solving problems in a job area, hence determining their level of performance.

The goal structure is one of the ways through which a psychologist or anyone else can use to understand how skilled or knowledgeable an employee is towards solving a certain problem that may occur in the job. For instance, the initial decisions that this individual makes when a problem occurs expressly how skilled they are. If their ten to become discouraged or lose hope in doing such a duty, it shows how afraid or how much they lack skills in solving the same problem. The focus that the employees have towards elaborating complicated duties expresses how much determined they towards the good performance of the company. The plan that these individuals have towards solving a problem may also show how focused they are. This is also expressed in the same way that the employees may be able to plan a budget structure that helps them in solving a problem or attaining the goals of the company. Setting a goal involves facing challenges and planning on how to overcome them through the use of the available resources.

Models of Psychology Applied in Working Environments

Many work environments affect how an individual is capable of handling distinct responsibilities in job areas. These environments have been stated in the form of models that impact the well-being of employees.

General Stress Model

Stress in the workplace increases the level of strain amongst the employees, and through this, they will not be able to concentrate on the normal activities of the company. Therefore, the stress amongst the employees reduces the rate at which the individuals will be able to cooperate with one another, hence the increased rate of dependence amongst the employees. This draws back the rate of productivity of the company, hence the collapsing or poor performance due to low competition with the surrounding companies. The victims of stress in the workplace will highly need social support from the management and the other colleagues in the company (James, Lois, & James, 1989, p. 739). The character also affects the well-being of everyone else in the company, as there will a high state f independence in the company, rather than an individual struggling towards achieving the goals of the company. The stress among the employees increases the rate at which they make mistakes in different procedures, which leads to low productivity due to the negative responses from most of the employees.

Job Demand-Regulation Model

The increased rate of responsibilities in a company also affects the level of response of the employees. For instance, if the ratio of workload to the number of employees in the company is low, they tend to get exhausted faster, and they will not be able to invent new ways through which the company can perform better due to the increased demand of their efforts towards doing their best in their engaged duties. This results in a low level of control pf the employees over their jobs, and they end up not concentrating on their specific jobs (Burke, Borucki, & Hurley, 1992, p. 717). However, if there is a low job demand and the number of employees is high, they will tend to have a high state of control over the same, hence their efficiency in their performance in the distinct duties they are attached to. Thus, the increased demand for jobs is not harmful, but they rather require a higher state of control over the performance to ensure that everything runs out well in all sectors.

The job demand is also determined by the job characteristics which involve the tools and resources that the employees use in their operation to ensure that the company performs well. The characteristics involve the environment, which also includes advanced technology, good condition of the machines present in a company, and the skills of the employees. For instance, automated machines in a work area reduce the job demand as well as reducing the level of control of the activities of the company, hence no need of m, any employees in such a company (Burke, Borucki, & Hurley, 1992, p. 717). The technology introduced in a company should then be a concern to ensure that it does not impact the rate of jobs required as well as the number of employees required in a company. Again, the increased technology reduces the number of errors made while handling a problem, and so, it is effective to introduce them as they increase the efficiency of such companies in their activities. This then boosts the psychological well-being of the whole company generally, as all the personnel there will be satisfied and not exhausted by having to do a lot of work by themselves.

The Vitamin Model

The number of unemployed people in society may also impact how a company runs effectively. For instance, if the individuals in the company end up unwell and they are not in a position to perform their duties well, they may end up losing their chances in the companies, as the number of the customers for the company’s products reduce ue to the increased rate of the poor health of them (Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). Again, If the individuals surrounding the company do not have the ability to take balanced diets, they end up getting ill, often hence the increased possibility of body weakness that does not give them a chance to perform their duties as normal. The poor attendance of the jobs results in poor performance of the company. The environmental vitamins involve the things that can be accessed by the employees and the society generally from the surroundings to enhance the good performance of the company. For instance, the chance to control a business involves self-determination amongst the employees, and this motivates each individual towards doing their best to ensure that they attain the objectives of the company (Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). The chance to use their skills also improves the rate at which the individuals utilize their skills effectively as well as expressing their abilities in their operations, and this reveals the required skills in the performance of the individuals, hence the success of the company due to its psychological well-being.

A company should also focus on ensuring that it maintains the goals of the external of the company. For instance, increase ng the job demands increase the rate at which the employees will submit to their work to ensure that they are done with the responsibilities, hence improving the performance of the company (Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). This also ensures that there is a qualitative workload as well as improving the responsibility roles of every individual, as well as the trust in between the management and the employees as they will all cooperate to ensure that they produce quality goods.

Again, ensuring that a company maintains and improves its varieties is also one of the ays, though, which it will grow and maintain as well as increasing the level of its customers interms of numbers. For instance, if a company produces different types of goods, it will tend to have many customers, as well as receiving different responses from each of them as compared to those companies that have a limited number of types of goods that they produce(Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). This will then improve the well-being of a company through the increased sales, hence a good psychological state of the individuals. Also, the division of roles ensures that everyone takes their roles seriously, and everyone will get attached to the roles that they perform better, hence improving their efficiency as an individual will sacrifice their skills into the department that they perform better.

Psychological Contract Model

This involves the connections that the management team and the employees have. For instance, the trust that the management team creates with the employees in terms of salary deliveries, holidays, and promotion may influence their respective performances, thus affecting the performance of the company as well as its well being psychological.Involvement of discrimination an lack of concern of the employees' demands leads to poor performance or a lack of efficiency among the individuals, hence the poor psychological state of the company (Eggerth, 2008, p. 60-74). Also, lack of trust amongst the employees and the management introduces discrimination, which makes some of the employees inactive in their operation, hence poor psychological performance of the same.

Body

Cognitive psychology also helps the managers in identifying the capabilities of the employees as well as their weaknesses in handling problems in the companies. For instance, if an employee is specialized in engine repairs and operation, it would be effective placing them in a mechanical sector, as though that they will be able to improve their skills as well as their ability to handle different types of engines. Through this, they can also associate themselves with many problems associated with the engines, hence advancing their knowledge on the same (Dollard, Maureen, & Bakker, 2010, p. 579-599). The ability of an employee to also interact with others is also significant as they will be able to collaborate with others through the sharing of skills and resources, hence improving the performance of the company through the advanced rate of innovation and invention in the practices of the company.

The ability of the employees to also help one another expressed how determined they are for the company to achieve its goals. Their speed to analyze and come up with ideas to help others improve the rate of productivity of the company hence their efficacy in performance. Again, when handling problems, there might be different methods and processes through which a problem may be solved, and, an employee that used the simpler methods and the faster ones shows how mentally strong and ready they are in handling problems, hence the importance of the cognitive psychology among the employees (Dollard, Maureen, & Bakker, 2010, p. 579-599). The attention that the employees also give to certain problems in organizations also show how experienced and the level of focus they show to achieving the company’s goals. Again, the managers should focus on giving the employees a continued supply of skills as well as resources used in operation to help in saving on time, as well as improving these individuals' level of research, which boosts how they handle problems.

Additionally, if an organization’s management realizes that the technology state of the machines being used in production is low, they should ensure that they offer the employees with the best to ensure that they perform well. Again, offering the best training for the employees to be able to solve their problems helps in improving the performance of the company (Eggerth, 2008, p. 60-74). Again, grouping the employees into productive groups as per their capabilities in solving problems helps in advancing the productivity of every individual, hence improving the general performance of the company. The inactive and uncooperative employees should be corrected and punished irrespectively, as this warns them against wasting the resource s of the company altogether with the time required to improve other things (Dollard, Maureen, & Bakker, 2010, p. 579-599). Through the provision of advanced technological tools, the unskilled individuals can be able to improve their research on different things, hence being able to interpret different problems by following the research instructions. Therefore, cognitive psychology helps the management and leaders in a company in leading and regulating the others on how to handle problems. Training helps the employees in doing the right thing at the right time, the right place, and through the right process, and so, it is necessary for a good performance of an organization.

Again, bright and skilled individuals are capable of multi-tasking in their works, but te fewer skilled individuals will take more time in handling such cases. Fo instance, an individual who is well skilled, can perform both electrical troubleshooting as well as repairing a computer, which will be difficult for an individual without or less knowledge in electronics, and this may cause the latter more time in handling a technical issue. This then involves understanding and following technical principles, which will not be possible for a less skilled individual. It is also effective for a company to identify the critical devices as well as their models so that they can guide and train the employees on how to handle such (Dollard, Maureen, & Bakker, 2010, p. 579-599). The employees should then be conversant with different types of models of a device as well as their parts, so that they may be able to analyze the problem facing a company. The task presentation of an employee helps in declaring and defining their level of understanding of efficiency as well as the focus towards achieving the goals of the company. The same also determines how an individual might be willing to express their knowledge to others, hence improving the skills and knowledge of one another in an industry.

Methods Used in Cognitive Task Analysis

To begin with, it is effective for a researcher or company management to understand the correctness of the method used in tackling problems in an organization as this helps in predicting the probability of occurrence of the same or a related issue, a therefore, employes would be guided in the correct way towards identifying and solving problems in the organization. The steps used in solving the problem may be used in training others, and the clearer the process is, the easier it will be for others to follow through and understand on how to solve the same problem (Eggerth, 2008, p. 60-74). The capability that the procedure can be carried out in different ways shows how the employee is skilled and capable of handling things in many effective ways to save on the resources as well as time, hence improving the productivity of the industry. Procedural mistakes express how much an employee needs some knowledge on solving problems and the need to improve on handling the same issue. The need for supervision when handling a problem also defined show myc an employee is not focused on self-control, and that they depend on others' guidance and presence a lot.

Secondly, the resources, time spent, and the procedures used in sorting problems in an organization define the personality of an individual towards improving the performance of th organization. However, if an individual takes a lot of time to analyze a problem, they may lack clear knowledge in handling a problem. For instance, the effectiveness of advertising personnel is realized by the many sales that they make or cause the company to make(Briner, 2000, p.299-303). Therefore, this defines how skilled the employee is in advertising. Again, if an individual is poor in advertising due to social and confidence issues, it is important for the company to place them in other sectors such as production or manufacturing sector. This then leads to an effective division of labor in the company, hence the productivity of everyone in operation.

Again, the individuals that are not social or do not have good communication skills can be trained on how to perform advertisements, or even they can be prevented from interacting with customers, to ensure that only those that are well-skilled interact with the customers, hence being able to identify the achievements and the failures of the company's production, and this makes way for improvement on the same. The employees also have distinct characters and ideas regarding the advancement of a company. Therefore, some may find it easy to approach the management for them to present their projects and ideas that need innovation (Briner, 2000, p.299-303). Others may tend to share the ideas with other employees, so that it may reach to the management, as a way of the requirement of approval to go ahead with the idea. The latter shows how an individual needs the energy of everyone into their idea, hence the need for improvement, and this may result in a high-quality project, unlike in the first case, where an individual may lack a lot of support in terms of ideas from the other colleagues.

The sharing of ideas with other employees expresses how an individual is collaborative with the others, and how determined they are for the other employees to gain ideas and engage in the development of the company. The cognitive psychology also helps in classifying the individuals as per their expert performance. For instance, if an individual is dealing with the mechanics are skilled and more functional as compared to an individual dealing with surfaces such as in cleaning (Joo et al., 2017, p. 446-469). Therefore, this is used in identifying the distinctions and the capabilities have, as others may need training while others do not. In other cases, an activity may require charges, such as in mechanics dealing, where an individual has to go to a college before they even undergo the company's training.

Thirdly, when an individual has a plan, sharing with a group helps in improving the performance of the project (Joo et al., 2017, p. 446-469). The cognition of the differences among different people helps in introducing specific depths through which the individual is capable of uncovering distinct uniformities, hence impacting the learning and contribution procedures. This leads to a better design of the idea hence the advancement of the type of adaptive training whereby the individuals can learn in distinct groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, companies, mostly the manufacturing ones, should focus on creating and maintaining a good relationship with their employees to ensure that the psychological status of the company is highly upheld. This motivates the employees to do their best, hence the advanced status as well as motivating them to perform their duties well. Ensuring that the employees receive quality training, good and faithful salaries as well as the advanced technical tools, they will ensure that they do their best, hence the best psychological state of the company. Supporting and motivating one another also improves the efficiency of a company through the improved innovation, an invention that results in a development in the company.

The Vitamin Model

The number of unemployed people in society may also impact how a company runs effectively. For instance, if the individuals in the company end up unwell and they are not in a position to perform their duties well, they may end up losing their chances in the companies, as the number of the customers for the company’s products reduce ue to the increased rate of the poor health of them (Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). Again, If the individuals surrounding the company do not have the ability to take balanced diets, they end up getting ill, often hence the increased possibility of body weakness that does not give them a chance to perform their duties as normal. The poor attendance of the jobs results in poor performance of the company. The environmental vitamins involve the things that can be accessed by the employees and the society generally from the surroundings to enhance the good performance of the company. For instance, the chance to control a business involves self-determination amongst the employees, and this motivates each individual towards doing their best to ensure that they attain the objectives of the company (Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). The chance to use their skills also improves the rate at which the individuals utilize their skills effectively as well as expressing their abilities in their operations, and this reveals the required skills in the performance of the individuals, hence the success of the company due to its psychological well-being.

A company should also focus on ensuring that it maintains the goals of the external of the company. For instance, increase ng the job demands increase the rate at which the employees will submit to their work to ensure that they are done with the responsibilities, hence improving the performance of the company (Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). This also ensures that there is a qualitative workload as well as improving the responsibility roles of every individual, as well as the trust in between the management and the employees as they will all cooperate to ensure that they produce quality goods.

Again, ensuring that a company maintains and improves its varieties is also one of the ays, though, which it will grow and maintain as well as increasing the level of its customers interms of numbers. For instance, if a company produces different types of goods, it will tend to have many customers, as well as receiving different responses from each of them as compared to those companies that have a limited number of types of goods that they produce(Bakker, 2011, p. 265-269). This will then improve the well-being of a company through the increased sales, hence a good psychological state of the individuals. Also, the division of roles ensures that everyone takes their roles seriously, and everyone will get attached to the roles that they perform better, hence improving their efficiency as an individual will sacrifice their skills into the department that they perform better.

Psychological Contract Model

This involves the connections that the management team and the employees have. For instance, the trust that the management team creates with the employees in terms of salary deliveries, holidays, and promotion may influence their respective performances, thus affecting the performance of the company as well as its well being psychological.Involvement of discrimination an lack of concern of the employees' demands leads to poor performance or a lack of efficiency among the individuals, hence the poor psychological state of the company (Eggerth, 2008, p. 60-74). Also, lack of trust amongst the employees and the management introduces discrimination, which makes some of the employees inactive in their operation, hence poor psychological performance of the same.

Body

Cognitive psychology also helps the managers in identifying the capabilities of the employees as well as their weaknesses in handling problems in the companies. Read More