Drugs, Depression and Stress in People - Research Proposal Example

Case study University name Student name Student id Course Date First psychological study Rationale The article is trying to establish the relationship that does exist between associate learning, executive processes and various aspects of the functioning of real-world memory. The research is exploring various studies that do contrast the performance of non-users of cannabis and users of cannabis. The functioning aspects concerning the real world memory are said to recruit resources for prefrontal and the medial temporal processes. Hypothesis The defects related to cannabis use are said to show knock-on impacts that do result in the impaired performance of the real-world memory. Methodology The study involved 45 participants who were nun users of cannabis and 46 people who were cannabis users. The researcher used opportunity sampling. The study involved the use of dependent variables that do measure associate learning, processes of executive component and functioning of real-world memory. The measures used in the course of establishing the component processes included letter generation randomly while measuring inhibition. Also, computation spanning and verbal fluency for indicating the efficiency of memory semantic access. Tasks involving number letter and plus-minus tasks were administered to the participants. Participants were involved in tests entailing everyday memory, paired associate learning, cognitive failures, and prospective memory. Results interpretation The research results showed that the users of cannabis have some impairments in various aspects concerning the functioning of the real world memory as compared to the non-users of cannabis. The users of cannabis showed differences from the no users of cannabis showing the adverse effects of cannabis. According to the study, there were no other differences that can be apparent. The process of updating the executive component was shown to have significant contributions on various aspects concerning the performance of real-world memory. There was no supporting evidence that processes of executive component played a significant role in the course of ensuring support for the real world memory. The efficiency concerning memory semantic access can be significantly linked to the outcomes related to associative learning measure. The measures do relate to associative learning can include immediate recall that was considered unrelated to the performance of real-world memory. Summary The results of the study can be said to have supported the fractionated executive system concept that does contribute to the cognitive processes differently. Considering the objectives of the study and the background of the study, the research has achieved the hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, the defects related to cannabis use are said to show knock-on impacts that do result in the impaired performance of the real-world memory. The research has confirmed the hypothesis as the users of cannabis has shown some impaired performance of the real-world memory. The limitation of the study involved the number of participants, as a larger number was needed to enhance the accuracy of the results. I do agree with the conclusion of the article as the cannabis users have some impairments in their performances. The study was ethical as it has not revealed the personal information concerning the participants. The information provided by the respondents was purposely used in the research. Article used (Fisk & Montgomery, 2008) Second psychological study Rationale The study is trying to explore the relationship between depression and usage of social media. It has shown various effects of psychological wellbeing of individuals with significant concerns on the results of how usage of Facebook can be linked to depression. The use of social media has been considered a common place for many people especially the young generation. Cognitive aspects such as focused immersion, temporal dissonance, and the heightened enjoyment are said to have effects directly on the usage. Literature has shown that heightened enjoyment and temporal dissociation can be associated with depression of high levels. Hypothesis Heightened enjoyment, focused immersion, and temporal dissociation can have a positive relation with the Facebook usage. Methodology The research involved recruiting business courses for undergraduates both online and face to face. The study was targeting the students for they have been keeping pace with the technology hence becoming frequent users of the social media. The students are considered to be among the most users of the Facebook hence were in a position to provide the relevant information that could assist in making accurate conclusions. The participants in the research were said to have at least two years of experience in social networking with average use of social media for around 6 hours to 84 hours weekly. The research involved the use of around 251 respondents aged between 18 year and 24 years. The online survey helped in collecting the necessary data that could assist in achieving the expected outcome. Results interpretation There was a significant relationship existing between depression level and the time the participants used in Facebook. Increased levels of using Facebook resulted in increased depression among the users of Facebook. Also, there were links between the emotional problems and addiction among the Facebook users. The depression was found to be profoundly manifested in the addicted individuals. The students who used Facebook often were said to have some emotions that could be noticed by their friends. The emotions were both positive and adverse with most of the users showing negative emotions after using Facebook for a long duration. Temporal dissociation and heightened enjoyment showed a positive relation with the usage of Facebook while focused immersions proved to be insignificant in the study hence did not show any relationship with the Facebook usage. Summary The increased temporal dissociation and heightened enjoyment can be used to explain the increased Facebook usage and its negative emotions on the users. The limitation of the study can include the lack of the necessary causal link between the cross-sectional data and usage of Facebook. The future research needs to address the specific aspects that do affect depression among the Facebook users. The methodology used in the study is reasonable, as it has assisted in achieving the set objectives and in testing the hypothesis of the research. Besides, the choice of the participants assisted in ensuring the relevant data was collected. The ethics required were guaranteed as the research findings were purely based on the analysis of the data collected. Article used (Steers, Wickham, & Acitelli, 2014) Third psychological study Rationale The study is trying to establish the perceptions of the athletes and the resilience experiences. It explores the way factors such as sociocultural influences, agitation, duration and breath do affect the resilience experiences among the athletes. The adversities facing sports are being explored to assess the best ways that can be used in the process of overcoming the challenges. The experiences of resilient among the athletes are being explored to establish the effects of the management in sports. The various factors that do affect the resilient experiences of the athletes and how the experiences that have been affecting their performances are analyzed. Besides, the study is necessary for identifying the areas in sports management that need to be enhanced to ensure the success of the sporting activities and the management of sporting activities. The research is necessary to establish the future research that needs to be done to ensure development in the administration of sports. Hypothesis Factors such as socio-cultural influences, positive outcomes, agitation, personal resources, duration, and breath do affect the resilience experiences among the athletes. Methodology The research involved interviewing the athletes who are at high levels with enough experiences concerning the sport. The athletes were interviewed about the challenging adversities they have managed to overcome during their participation in the sport. Resiliency model was considered crucial in providing the needed guidance hence acting as the theoretical framework necessary for collecting data and analysis. Inductive analysis proved to be important in exploring the data required for establishing the fundamental relationship patterns. The variable that was used in the process of analyzing the resilience of the athletes includes agitation, personal resources, cultural influences, positive outcomes, and duration. Results interpretation Research has shown that socio-cultural influences, positive outcomes, agitation, personal resources, duration, and breath do affect the perception and resilience experiences among the athletes. These factors have been shown to play a significant role in determining the experiences of the athletes hence affecting their performance. The perception and resilient experiences of athletes can be determined by the management of the sport. The management has the responsibility of controlling the factors that do affect the experiences and the perceptions of the athletes. The management can manage such factors that influence the experiences and opinions of the athletes such as cultural influences, agitation, duration, and breath. The effects of the perceptions and the resilience experiences have been affecting the motivation of the athletes hence affecting their performances. The management needs to look for the best ways that can ensure that the athletes are motivated to enhance their performance. The performance of the athletes can be enhanced through improving perception and experiences of the athletes. Summary According to the research socio-cultural influences, positive outcomes, agitation, personal resources, duration, and breadth contribute a lot to the resilience experiences among the athletes. The methodology used has assisted in achieving the objectives and testing the hypothesis of the study. The limitations facing the study can include a small sample size that cannot represent the interest of the athletes adequately. Future research needs to be done to establish how the resilience experiences of the athletes can be managed. Article used (Galli & Vealey, 2008) References The articles 1. Fisk, J. E. & Montgomery, C. (2008). Real-world memory and executive processes in cannabis users and non-users. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 22(7), 727-736.  2. Steers, M.-L. N., Wickham, R. E., & Acitelli, L. K. (2014). Seeing everyone else's highlight reels: How Facebook usage is linked to depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(8), 701-731. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2014.33.8.701  3. Galli, N., & Vealey, R. S. (2008). "Bouncing back" from adversity: Athletes' experiences of resilience. Sport Psychologist, 22(3), 316-335.  Read More