The Two-Process Model of Facebook Use - Case Study Example

THE TWO-PROCESS MODEL OF FACEBOOK USE: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF EXTRAVERSION ABSTRACT Exploration of the role of extraversion by use of basic principles of the proponents of information on social media is an issue that goes to defining the ability of a person to behave the way they do. By use of a majority sample of 306 and trimming it down to a sub-sample of 258, the exploration takes to account specified participants that take place in the research. First, there is a collection of people that are defined as being viable in taking part in the research and their characteristics are defined. The materials used are the demographic questions and the Facebook use. With keen connection between social connection and social substitute and social satisfaction, it was found that there was a correlation between the traits created on FB by an individual and the actual behaviour exhibited. Introduction According to Sheldon, Abad and Hinsch (2011), Facebook use among people of different social groups has had strong psychological factors. How does use of Facebook use correlate to the social satisfaction levels of the different persons under different social categories? The need to satisfy a void in the social lives of the respective subjects drives them to getting hooked to Facebook so much that it develops effects on their well-being. Based on study 1 and study 2 as expressed by Sheldon, Abad and Hinsch (2011), an analytical view of the studies carried out on people characteristics indicated a collection of inferences that can be made on the people. This case involves a study on the given cases where it will make an analysis of the research methods used, the participants, the measures used in the study and the results realised. The same will be used to discuss the behaviours as per the projections of different social specialists. Hypotheses; A collection of hypotheses seeks to be approved from these research findings. They help create a link between objectives and the findings; H1: Most Facebook users use the site as a centre for social connection H2: People that are socially disconnected use Facebook as a source for social satisfaction H3: Extraversion is an indicator of social dissatisfaction METHOD Participants The major objective of the study was to find out by exploration the relationship between the role extraversion plays and the foundations of Facebook on the same formation. In the research, there was a collection of 306 participants. Of these, 60 were males while 246 were female. The age brackets of the subjects in the exploration research were 18-67 years. The age bracket is relevant because it comprises all the required group characteristics pitting the young, the middle-aged and the old people. The standard deviation of the participants was SD=11.22 with am mean, M=35.55. Of the participants 15.7% (48) did not have Facebook accounts while 84.3% (258) of them had Facebook accounts. For the purposes of accuracy, the participants were reduced to participants only (258) so that the level of involvement can be increased. That changed the measures of central tendency to a mean M=34.58 and an SD=10.81. The original participants had categorical characteristics that included younger kids to the number. With the participants being arranged according to factors related to what is likely to influence the way they are affected, the participants were arranged as follows; Category Number 10 years and below 5 12 years 69 College/trade and entrepreneurs 56 Undergraduates 101 Post graduate diploma 57 Other groups 18 Total 306 a. Demographic Research • Materials and Procedure The measurement materials were presented in an orderly manner as per the required parameters that would oversee the required information obtained. • Social Connection Based on the contents as expressed by Sheldon, Abad, and Hinsch (2011), the participants were asked to rate accurately how three given statements described the experiences they have had during the week. This was measured by use of three positive needs-related items; ‘I felt a sense of connectedness with people that are important to me’, ‘I felt close and connected to people who are important to me’ and lastly, ‘I felt a strong sense of intimacy with people I spend time with’. The response scale ranged from 1-7 with the meaning of strongly disagrees to strongly agree respectively. The variable scores were measured based on the possible range as provided in the 1-7 bracket. • Social Disconnection With the participants also being asked to gauge their experiences in the past seven days, this study was based on three negative related items; ‘I was lonely’, ‘I felt unappreciated by one or more people’ and ‘I had conflicts or disagreements with people I get along with’. The same scale of 1-7 was used to measure the responses with 1 representing ‘strongly disagree’ and 7 representing ‘strongly agree.' The consistency level as was measured by the Cronbach’s alpha was .66. • Extraversion Extraversion scale and parameters as expressed by John and Srivastava (1999) used 8 item extraversion scale of the 44 item Big Five Inventory. The participants on this aspect were asked to indicate the level and effective strength of the agreement with the statements relating to their typical behaviours. One parameter under this category was that of someone being ‘talkative.' The response scale ranged from 1-5 with the range representing ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’ elements. The item responses were effectively averaged so that variable scores are determined. On the extraversion scale, an introvert/extrovert grouping variable was created. From the total, the number of introverts was n=102 and n=107 for extroverts respectively. More information at this section related to the found standard deviation (SD) values. In the both sections, the scores were averaged at 0.5 below the SD mean. Facebook Use In this section, the participants were to relay information on how often they used Facebook. The table below represents the answers they were supposed to give; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never Once every few months Once every few weeks Once a week Every couple of days Just about every day 2-5 times daily - - - - - - - • Facebook as a Social Substitute A 6-item questionnaire was developed for the study and combined information from Knibbe and Luchies (2013) and Sheldon, Abad, and Hinsch (2011). The participants were asked to reveal information about their involvement motive on use of Facebook. For instance, the questions would take the form of the subject ‘always going to Facebook whenever they are alone.' Secondly, the responses were based on ‘I can talk more comfortably on Facebook than in person.' On the scale, the range moved from a disapproval point of ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree.' The items were also averaged so that variable scores were achieved and these as recorded in the table above, ranged from 1-7. For this section of the study, the Cronbach’s alpha was positioned at .85. • Facebook Satisfaction Levels That was a three-item questionnaire. The item asked the participants to express their feelings when using Facebook over the past week. The parameters for assessment at this level were based on the statements; ‘When I used Facebook I felt a sense of contact with people who care for me, and whom I care for’, ‘When I used Facebook I felt close and connected with other people who are important to me’ and ‘When I used Facebook I felt a strong sense of intimacy with the people I spent time with’. The items used for response were averaged so that variable score were achieved. The scale range was from 1-5 and the statement representation was ‘clearly does not describe my feelings’ and ‘clearly describes my feelings.' With the information to be obtained from this section, the reliability of the test was also based on a statistical value (Cronbach’s alpha = .86). RESULTS and DISCUSSION An analytical view of the tests was done based on the sub-sample of n=258 for the reason already explained in the introductory section of this work. A collection of results was realised at the end of the every section in the sections described with the three hypotheses used as a base for the procedures that would give the results. Using this subsample, social connection was regressed against two factors of measurement; social substitution and social satisfaction. Based on the foundations of the Sheldon, Abad, and Hinsch (2011) and the two process model, a collection of results were obtained from the exploration. The results were obtained as per the results in the following summary; The social connection and the FB as a substitute, r= -.12, p Read More

In the research, there was a collection of 306 participants. Of these, 60 were males while 246 were female. The age brackets of the subjects in the exploration research were 18-67 years. The age bracket is relevant because it comprises all the required group characteristics pitting the young, the middle-aged and the old people. The standard deviation of the participants was SD=11.22 with am mean, M=35.55. Of the participants 15.7% (48) did not have Facebook accounts while 84.3% (258) of them had Facebook accounts.

For the purposes of accuracy, the participants were reduced to participants only (258) so that the level of involvement can be increased. That changed the measures of central tendency to a mean M=34.58 and an SD=10.81. The original participants had categorical characteristics that included younger kids to the number. With the participants being arranged according to factors related to what is likely to influence the way they are affected, the participants were arranged as follows; Category Number 10 years and below 5 12 years 69 College/trade and entrepreneurs 56 Undergraduates 101 Post graduate diploma 57 Other groups 18 Total 306 a.

Demographic Research • Materials and Procedure The measurement materials were presented in an orderly manner as per the required parameters that would oversee the required information obtained. • Social Connection Based on the contents as expressed by Sheldon, Abad, and Hinsch (2011), the participants were asked to rate accurately how three given statements described the experiences they have had during the week. This was measured by use of three positive needs-related items; ‘I felt a sense of connectedness with people that are important to me’, ‘I felt close and connected to people who are important to me’ and lastly, ‘I felt a strong sense of intimacy with people I spend time with’.

The response scale ranged from 1-7 with the meaning of strongly disagrees to strongly agree respectively. The variable scores were measured based on the possible range as provided in the 1-7 bracket. • Social Disconnection With the participants also being asked to gauge their experiences in the past seven days, this study was based on three negative related items; ‘I was lonely’, ‘I felt unappreciated by one or more people’ and ‘I had conflicts or disagreements with people I get along with’.

The same scale of 1-7 was used to measure the responses with 1 representing ‘strongly disagree’ and 7 representing ‘strongly agree.' The consistency level as was measured by the Cronbach’s alpha was .66. • Extraversion Extraversion scale and parameters as expressed by John and Srivastava (1999) used 8 item extraversion scale of the 44 item Big Five Inventory. The participants on this aspect were asked to indicate the level and effective strength of the agreement with the statements relating to their typical behaviours.

One parameter under this category was that of someone being ‘talkative.' The response scale ranged from 1-5 with the range representing ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’ elements. The item responses were effectively averaged so that variable scores are determined. On the extraversion scale, an introvert/extrovert grouping variable was created. From the total, the number of introverts was n=102 and n=107 for extroverts respectively. More information at this section related to the found standard deviation (SD) values.

In the both sections, the scores were averaged at 0.5 below the SD mean. Facebook Use In this section, the participants were to relay information on how often they used Facebook. The table below represents the answers they were supposed to give; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never Once every few months Once every few weeks Once a week Every couple of days Just about every day 2-5 times daily - - - - - - - • Facebook as a Social Substitute A 6-item questionnaire was developed for the study and combined information from Knibbe and Luchies (2013) and Sheldon, Abad, and Hinsch (2011).

Read More