Key Aspects of Human Development - Essay Example

Psychology essay Name Number Course Lecturer Date This assay tries to show the extent to which human development being a psychological research is being used to improve the human life. According to Brown (2009), human development ibis the process of expanding peoples opportunities and freedoms to ensure that their well being is improved. Human development entails the actual freedom that the common man have to choose whom to become how to live and what to do. The concept of human development was created by Mahbub ul Haq, an economist while he was working in World Bank. He argued that already established measures of human development did not fully account for the true development purpose, to better the livelihood of human beings. He trusted that the popularly GDP measure has never measured the well-being adequately. While he was working with Amartya Sen, a Nobel laureate in 1990, they published the first development report. This report was later commissioned by the United Nations development program. The core of human development in relation to developing human life is the capability concept. The concept of capability argues that what people are capable of doing is undoubtly what they will become. The fundamental capabilities accounted by almost everybody include: access to education, good living standard materials such as housing, food and clothing and good health. There are other capabilities core to fulfillment of life such as one’s ability to take part in decision making that concerns that individual, to control your living environment to get societal respect, to have fun and relax and freedom from violence References (Brown, 2009). The capability of human beings can be constraint or expanded by own efforts and by the conditions and institutions of society. People with well-developed and expensive capabilities posses the equipment to realize a good life vision. Those with poor capabilities are unlikely to be on course and to crab the opportunities. Basically, human potential remains unfulfilled if or she lacks basic capabilities. The human well being is analyzed by normative framework’s capability approach, mostly applied to comprehend human development problems. However, certain approach aspects can be connected to Adam smith and Aristotle, responsible for creation and proliferation of human development. The principle facets of the capability approach is that human well being should be defined by the actual and real opportunities of people to carry the dreams that the wish to, also called the functional capabilities, and via these freedoms, become the person they want to become. One example o the variation between formal freedom and capability to function is the opportunity of education. Most developed countries have formal freedom to access college education. Though, when comparing students who come from rich families versus those from low-income families the real freedom of low income to get a college degree is limited by financial considerations, low quality life among other things. Formal freedoms, it such a case, which is not enough to give true capabilities to function, the approach of capability is well-being, which gives priority to the ability to actualize opportunity into doings and beings, limited to other theories of well being which target subjective such as material means like income and happiness. Human development developed from global assessment on the connection between economic growth and development during the past 5 decades which targeted dethroning the GDP. It was profound that the economic growth becomes the goal and indicator of most nations’ progress. At first, it didn’t look like a way of measuring the well being but eventually, it put into consideration as an alternative that offer greater realization of human live improvement by emphasizing on employment, succeeded by growth redistribution and lastly ensuring that everybody’s basic need is met. These notions assisted in paving way for approached of human development which entails widening the human life richness, instead of simply economic riches of human living. The current human development approaches focuses more on building choices and opportunities for everybody. Some of the ways through which human development can improve the human live includes: People: the live people lives in the main focus of human development approaches. It does not take a presumption that greater opportunities are automatically brought about by growth in economy. It is accepted that he growth in income is a crucial means to human development instead of being the end note. Opportunities: human development entails providing more opportunities and freedom to people so that they can live lives they value. Therefore this implies that when people’s ability should be developed and then given a chance to utilize them. For instance, sending a child to school build his or her skills, but it will be worthless if that person is not given a job opportunity or lacks the now how for the jobs on disposal. There are development aspects that are basic and there those that are highly contextual, i.e. they assist in creating the condition that enables people to prosper. The three basic for human development are to create life to be healthy, to have resources necessary for a decent live and to be knowledgeable (Salkind, 2015). Other aspect are also vital, specifically in assisting to build the appropriate environment for human development, like environment equity or sustainability between woman and men as shown in the following diagram When the fundamental of human development have been achieved, it gives a basis for opportunities for progress in other various aspects. Choice: human development basically entails opportunity provision to people, not emphasizing that they utilize them. No one guarantees person happiness, and the choice individuals make fifers and thy only concerns them. The human development process should build an environment for people, collectively and individually, to create progress to their full capabilities and to achieve reasonable opportunities of producing, leading and building valuable lives. In conclusion, access to knowledge is a basic determinant of well-being long term and crucial to everyone’s freedom, self-sufficiency and self-determination. Education is important to the real freedom to make a decision on who to be and what to do. Education build confers status, confidence and dignity and at the same time broadens the way people sees the possibilities. In addition, it allows acquisition of credential and skills. Other things like technological changes and globalization makes it more difficult for individual who are poor to get human development needs so that they can achieve peace of mind, economic self sufficiency and self respect provided by secure livelihood. Ethical issues involved in applying human development to improve human live Human development is basically contra posed to therapy. In general, therapy tries to fix something in a mess, by treating specific injuries or diseases, human development tries to improve the state of human being past the normal health status. The ethical issues come in when trying to distinguish between therapy and development. The ethical issues include: We might say that the dichotomy of development-therapy does not match with dichotomy between direct enhancement of human live and creating conditions for human live. The standard-contemporary human live development include many aspects that aims to ensure that the human being lives a worthy live. Moreover most development interventions happen outside the context of healthy life. For instance, some people need to take some stimulants to ensure that they perform optimally. Grooming and make-up are tools for enhancing appearance. Things like mood are enhanced using exercise, meditation and fish oil. Secondly, it is not clear how to group development interventions that ensures that someone’s live is developed. Similarly, it is not simple to determine the interventions which ensure that the quality of live is the same for all people due to issues of age. Third, there is the issue of how to determine human life that is standard. Many human factors are distributed in a bell curve manner. For instance cognitive capacity. Defining abnormality as double standard deviations below the average population is to bring in a dummy point that seemingly lack basic normative importance. Somebody may have a recognizable weakness that lowers his or her capabilities yet he or she can be seen to be developing normally. An intervention that made that person to develop may be considered higher that other normal people uses. In other words, there is not standard measure that can be used to ensure that human development can make all the people develop their living standard at the same level. In such a case, it implies that someone with supernormal cognitive functioning can perform better that a developed or enhanced person making the gifted people advantage. In addition, mostly it is not clear that there is a fact as why the complex groups of factor can be used to determine the degree of human development as a way of enhancing human live. It is not easy to determine what ethical importance. Fourth, human capability varies continuously according both lifespan and population. When someone matures, the mental and physical capacities increase; then someone grows old, it declines. If the human development intervention enables someone with 80 years to have the same capability and reaction time like a youth, is that human life enhancement or therapy? Either option is natural or plausible, suggesting again that the human development concept fails to be seen as any useful or clear technique of improving human live (Sigelman & Rider, 2014). Lastly, it is not easy to determine how internal a development intervention has to be for it to be considered an improvement to human live. Even if we can define a development concept that gathers for some unified situation in the world, there the issue of justifying the argument that the enhancement moral status is contrary to other kinds of human life environment that increase or modify human development to the same effect. In conclusion, whilst human development provides real benefits, it is not only those who lack sufficient human skills to put autonomy over their own human live; it is also profound that our current human life should be enhanced using appropriate methods. References Brown, K. W. (2009). Research methods in human development. McGraw-Hill Humanities Social. Salkind, N. J. (2015). Theories of human development. Gladwin, T. N., Kennelly, J. J., & Krause, T. S. (2015). Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: Implications for management theory and research. Academy of management Review, 20(4), 874-907. Lerner, R. M. (2001). Concepts and theories of human development. Psychology Press. Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on psychological science, 1(2), 164-180. Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2012). Human Development Edition. Sigelman, C., & Rider, E. (2014). Life-span human development. Cengage Learning. Read More

One example o the variation between formal freedom and capability to function is the opportunity of education. Most developed countries have formal freedom to access college education. Though, when comparing students who come from rich families versus those from low-income families the real freedom of low income to get a college degree is limited by financial considerations, low quality life among other things. Formal freedoms, it such a case, which is not enough to give true capabilities to function, the approach of capability is well-being, which gives priority to the ability to actualize opportunity into doings and beings, limited to other theories of well being which target subjective such as material means like income and happiness.

Human development developed from global assessment on the connection between economic growth and development during the past 5 decades which targeted dethroning the GDP. It was profound that the economic growth becomes the goal and indicator of most nations’ progress. At first, it didn’t look like a way of measuring the well being but eventually, it put into consideration as an alternative that offer greater realization of human live improvement by emphasizing on employment, succeeded by growth redistribution and lastly ensuring that everybody’s basic need is met.

These notions assisted in paving way for approached of human development which entails widening the human life richness, instead of simply economic riches of human living. The current human development approaches focuses more on building choices and opportunities for everybody. Some of the ways through which human development can improve the human live includes: People: the live people lives in the main focus of human development approaches. It does not take a presumption that greater opportunities are automatically brought about by growth in economy.

It is accepted that he growth in income is a crucial means to human development instead of being the end note. Opportunities: human development entails providing more opportunities and freedom to people so that they can live lives they value. Therefore this implies that when people’s ability should be developed and then given a chance to utilize them. For instance, sending a child to school build his or her skills, but it will be worthless if that person is not given a job opportunity or lacks the now how for the jobs on disposal.

There are development aspects that are basic and there those that are highly contextual, i.e. they assist in creating the condition that enables people to prosper. The three basic for human development are to create life to be healthy, to have resources necessary for a decent live and to be knowledgeable (Salkind, 2015). Other aspect are also vital, specifically in assisting to build the appropriate environment for human development, like environment equity or sustainability between woman and men as shown in the following diagram When the fundamental of human development have been achieved, it gives a basis for opportunities for progress in other various aspects.

Choice: human development basically entails opportunity provision to people, not emphasizing that they utilize them. No one guarantees person happiness, and the choice individuals make fifers and thy only concerns them. The human development process should build an environment for people, collectively and individually, to create progress to their full capabilities and to achieve reasonable opportunities of producing, leading and building valuable lives. In conclusion, access to knowledge is a basic determinant of well-being long term and crucial to everyone’s freedom, self-sufficiency and self-determination.

Education is important to the real freedom to make a decision on who to be and what to do. Education build confers status, confidence and dignity and at the same time broadens the way people sees the possibilities. In addition, it allows acquisition of credential and skills. Other things like technological changes and globalization makes it more difficult for individual who are poor to get human development needs so that they can achieve peace of mind, economic self sufficiency and self respect provided by secure livelihood.

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