Development and Evaluation the Reliability of a Co Player Support Instrument - Essay Example

?Running Head: MEASURING CO-PLAYERS SUPPORT Measuring Co-Players Support in Injury Rehabilitation The aim of the presentinvestigation was to develop and assess the reliability of a co-player Support Instrument. Following a comprehensive review of the social support and psychology of injury literature, five dimensions of social support were identified, including: emotional, informational, tangible (instrumental), motivational, and identity support. A total of 112 players were recruited for the present study. Demographic questionnaire along with Co-player support questionnaire were administered and responses were collected and stored in SPSS. The initial reliability analysis didn’t produce meaningful results which called for further analysis. An examination of the correlation matrix revealed that a number of items did not correlate sufficiently. Subsequently, 8 items were removed on the basis of weak correlations (r.62) on Factor three were initially labeled as athletic identity support. They focused on athletes' involvement with the team, sense of belonging, contribution to the team, and athletic identity while injured. One additional item concerning overcoming setbacks and setting goals during the recovery process was also placed with Factor one. Although this item was originally categorized as motivational support, it should be noted that the definition of athletic identity support also make reference to the reinforcement of goals associated with the athlete role. Athletes have acknowledged that setting goals helps them cope with the injury experience because it helps them maintain their focus on "competing again" and/or"…getting back to [sport]" (Gould, Udry, Bridges, & Beck, 1997, p. 384). Similarly, motivating athletes to overcome setbacks in their recovery from injury may help them believe that they can attain former levels of participation in sport. Encouragement from others to set goals and overcome setbacks during rehabilitation from injury may serve to reinforce athletes' sport-related identities. Consequently, Factor one was named ‘Player Identity Support.’ This subscale demonstrated an acceptable level of internal consistency with an alpha coefficient of .916. References Bandura, A. (1990). Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency. Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 128-163. Bianco, T. (2001). Social support and recovery from sport injury: Elite skiers share their experiences. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72,376-388. Brewer, B. W. (1993). Self-identity and specific vulnerability to depressed mood. Journal of Personality, 61, 343-364. Cutrona, C. E., Suhr, J. A., & MacFarlane, R. (1990). 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Changes in athletic identity following team selection: self-protection versus self-enhancement. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 75-81. Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis with readings. (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hardy, C. J., & Crace, R. K. (1991). Social support within sport. Sport Psychology Training Bulletin, 1, 1-8. Hardy, C. J., & Crace, R. K. (1993). The dimensions of social support when dealing with sport injuries. In D. Pargman. (Ed.), Psychological bases of sports injuries. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Hardy, C. J., Burke, K. L., & Crace, R. K. (1999). Social support and injury: A framework for social support-based interventions with injured athletes. In D. Pargman (Ed.), Psychological bases of sport injury (2nd ed). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial 0 n the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. 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Appendices Appendix A: Initial Reliability Analysis Instrumental Support Items Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .658 4 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Provided material or tangible goods. 5.3393 1.42408 112 Provided practical assistance. 5.3661 1.44569 112 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. 5.4018 1.22629 112 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. 5.4554 1.35493 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Provided material or tangible goods. 16.2232 7.076 .741 .349 Provided practical assistance. 16.1964 12.916 -.028 .877 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. 16.1607 8.442 .669 .442 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. 16.1071 8.457 .561 .503 Informational Support Items Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .051 4 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Offered advice related to my injury or rehab. 3.2500 2.04234 112 Provided me with information about my injury. 3.2589 1.92539 112 Suggested reading material/people I could talk to about my injury. 3.5982 2.11583 112 Encouraged me to seek more information about my injury. 3.7589 1.96017 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Offered advice related to my injury or rehab. 10.6161 12.887 -.015 .100 Provided me with information about my injury. 10.6071 13.268 -.010 .088 Suggested reading material/people I could talk to about my injury. 10.2679 12.000 .025 .035 Encouraged me to seek more information about my injury. 10.1071 11.718 .095 -.082(a) a The value is negative due to a negative average covariance among items. This violates reliability model assumptions. You may want to check item codings. Emotional Support Items Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .427 5 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. 5.5000 1.45193 112 Accepted my feelings even when they were negative 3.8929 1.97442 112 Encouraged me to share my feelings about my injury experience. 3.5714 1.92524 112 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. 5.2768 1.30977 112 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. 5.4018 1.43608 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. 18.1429 13.097 .502 .174 Accepted my feelings even when they were negative 19.7500 16.405 .011 .554 Encouraged me to share my feelings about my injury experience. 20.0714 18.517 -.105 .629 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. 18.3661 14.198 .463 .228 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. 18.2411 12.725 .556 .136 Motivational Support Items Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .544 7 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. 5.1518 1.32345 112 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. 5.7589 1.20244 112 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. 5.4107 1.38560 112 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. 5.6518 1.10453 112 Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. 5.3482 1.38010 112 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. 5.4732 1.15439 112 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. 5.2768 1.30287 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. 32.9196 14.165 .522 .393 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. 32.3125 15.064 .493 .417 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. 32.6607 16.947 .197 .538 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. 32.4196 15.543 .499 .424 Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. 32.7232 22.130 -.225 .692 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. 32.5982 15.414 .482 .426 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. 32.7946 17.570 .169 .546 Identity Support Items Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .579 6 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. 5.6607 1.04454 112 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. 5.5536 1.24365 112 Kept me up-to-date on the status of my team/group. 3.6786 2.04989 112 Reminded me of past accomplishments as an athlete. 3.3661 1.91718 112 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. 5.3750 1.50150 112 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. 5.3929 1.32446 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. 23.3661 21.333 .584 .463 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. 23.4732 21.134 .471 .482 Kept me up-to-date on the status of my team/group. 25.3482 23.238 .031 .695 Reminded me of past accomplishments as an athlete. 25.6607 24.136 .013 .688 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. 23.6518 17.941 .619 .395 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. 23.6339 18.991 .634 .409 Appendix B: Tables Table 2. Correlation Matrix 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Correlation 1 1 -0.008 0.788 0.75 -0.033 -0.009 -0.119 -0.09 0.004 0.087 -0.058 -0.051 0.038 0.766 0.727 0.057 0.706 -0.189 0.57 -0.017 -0.122 -0.153 -0.018 -0.02 -0.149 -0.157 2 -0.008 1 0.033 -0.095 -0.013 0.008 0.028 0.108 0.753 0.008 -0.066 0.793 0.796 0.055 -0.068 0.792 -0.015 -0.028 -0.072 0.788 -0.102 -0.009 0.092 -0.039 -0.072 -0.033 3 0.788 0.033 1 0.572 -0.08 -0.044 -0.083 -0.079 0.073 0.159 -0.056 0.02 0.107 0.534 0.604 0.098 0.616 -0.216 0.545 -0.025 -0.132 -0.189 0.084 0.071 -0.2 -0.17 4 0.75 -0.095 0.572 1 -0.081 -0.07 -0.149 0.011 0.025 0.086 0.017 -0.199 0.007 0.554 0.698 -0.062 0.558 -0.124 0.587 -0.052 -0.055 -0.071 -0.06 -0.106 -0.049 -0.086 5 -0.033 -0.013 -0.08 -0.081 1 -0.149 0.046 0.069 -0.064 0.071 -0.03 0.085 -0.108 0.069 0.014 0.005 0.031 -0.002 0.003 0.028 -0.137 0.012 -0.022 0.091 -0.128 -0.057 6 -0.009 0.008 -0.044 -0.07 -0.149 1 0.017 0.119 -0.069 -0.194 0.084 -0.007 -0.051 -0.054 0 0.048 0.026 -0.044 -0.039 0.075 -0.014 -0.034 -0.065 0.013 -0.124 -0.061 7 -0.119 0.028 -0.083 -0.149 0.046 0.017 1 -0.021 0.119 0.063 0.019 0.174 0.063 -0.129 -0.06 -0.014 -0.168 0.125 -0.176 0.034 0.072 0.171 -0.026 -0.019 0.099 0.047 8 -0.09 0.108 -0.079 0.011 0.069 0.119 -0.021 1 0.04 -0.011 0.003 0.047 0.121 -0.034 -0.04 0.113 -0.047 0.065 0.051 0.16 0.056 0.074 -0.004 -0.029 0.007 0.026 9 0.004 0.753 0.073 0.025 -0.064 -0.069 0.119 0.04 1 0.022 -0.106 0.661 0.776 0.035 0.049 0.569 -0.003 -0.011 -0.035 0.536 -0.059 0.005 0.242 -0.047 -0.017 -0.014 10 0.087 0.008 0.159 0.086 0.071 -0.194 0.063 -0.011 0.022 1 -0.067 0.05 0.053 0.092 0.073 0.079 -0.005 -0.105 0.066 -0.044 -0.171 -0.009 0.145 0.12 -0.026 -0.111 11 -0.058 -0.066 -0.056 0.017 -0.03 0.084 0.019 0.003 -0.106 -0.067 1 -0.099 -0.025 0.019 -0.131 -0.004 -0.02 -0.028 0.108 -0.042 -0.095 -0.103 -0.09 0.067 0.05 -0.135 12 -0.051 0.793 0.02 -0.199 0.085 -0.007 0.174 0.047 0.661 0.05 -0.099 1 0.611 -0.03 -0.152 0.488 -0.113 0.011 -0.189 0.578 -0.095 -0.017 0.08 -0.034 -0.085 -0.017 13 0.038 0.796 0.107 0.007 -0.108 -0.051 0.063 0.121 0.776 0.053 -0.025 0.611 1 0.043 -0.037 0.704 0.009 -0.062 -0.061 0.494 -0.076 -0.075 0.151 -0.008 -0.058 -0.027 14 0.766 0.055 0.534 0.554 0.069 -0.054 -0.129 -0.034 0.035 0.092 0.019 -0.03 0.043 1 0.623 0.128 0.628 -0.286 0.578 0.054 -0.23 -0.172 0.061 0.031 -0.228 -0.296 15 0.727 -0.068 0.604 0.698 0.014 0 -0.06 -0.04 0.049 0.073 -0.131 -0.152 -0.037 0.623 1 0 0.594 -0.15 0.641 -0.078 -0.08 -0.085 0.005 -0.055 -0.099 -0.093 16 0.057 0.792 0.098 -0.062 0.005 0.048 -0.014 0.113 0.569 0.079 -0.004 0.488 0.704 0.128 0 1 0.071 -0.151 0.046 0.55 -0.195 -0.154 0.079 0.034 -0.118 -0.089 17 0.706 -0.015 0.616 0.558 0.031 0.026 -0.168 -0.047 -0.003 -0.005 -0.02 -0.113 0.009 0.628 0.594 0.071 1 -0.192 0.505 0.005 -0.064 -0.14 0.034 -0.02 -0.149 -0.201 18 -0.189 -0.028 -0.216 -0.124 -0.002 -0.044 0.125 0.065 -0.011 -0.105 -0.028 0.011 -0.062 -0.286 -0.15 -0.151 -0.192 1 -0.116 0.041 0.733 0.8 -0.027 0.064 0.797 0.787 19 0.57 -0.072 0.545 0.587 0.003 -0.039 -0.176 0.051 -0.035 0.066 0.108 -0.189 -0.061 0.578 0.641 0.046 0.505 -0.116 1 -0.082 -0.06 -0.084 -0.057 0.023 -0.041 -0.099 20 -0.017 0.788 -0.025 -0.052 0.028 0.075 0.034 0.16 0.536 -0.044 -0.042 0.578 0.494 0.054 -0.078 0.55 0.005 0.041 -0.082 1 0.003 0.032 0.013 -0.048 -0.035 -0.011 21 -0.122 -0.102 -0.132 -0.055 -0.137 -0.014 0.072 0.056 -0.059 -0.171 -0.095 -0.095 -0.076 -0.23 -0.08 -0.195 -0.064 0.733 -0.06 0.003 1 0.562 0.029 0.027 0.605 0.742 22 -0.153 -0.009 -0.189 -0.071 0.012 -0.034 0.171 0.074 0.005 -0.009 -0.103 -0.017 -0.075 -0.172 -0.085 -0.154 -0.14 0.8 -0.084 0.032 0.562 1 -0.007 -0.01 0.587 0.55 23 -0.018 0.092 0.084 -0.06 -0.022 -0.065 -0.026 -0.004 0.242 0.145 -0.09 0.08 0.151 0.061 0.005 0.079 0.034 -0.027 -0.057 0.013 0.029 -0.007 1 -0.032 0.119 0.01 24 -0.02 -0.039 0.071 -0.106 0.091 0.013 -0.019 -0.029 -0.047 0.12 0.067 -0.034 -0.008 0.031 -0.055 0.034 -0.02 0.064 0.023 -0.048 0.027 -0.01 -0.032 1 0.008 0.078 25 -0.149 -0.072 -0.2 -0.049 -0.128 -0.124 0.099 0.007 -0.017 -0.026 0.05 -0.085 -0.058 -0.228 -0.099 -0.118 -0.149 0.797 -0.041 -0.035 0.605 0.587 0.119 0.008 1 0.754 26 -0.157 -0.033 -0.17 -0.086 -0.057 -0.061 0.047 0.026 -0.014 -0.111 -0.135 -0.017 -0.027 -0.296 -0.093 -0.089 -0.201 0.787 -0.099 -0.011 0.742 0.55 0.01 0.078 0.754 1 Note: Please refer to next table 3.1 for corresponding 26 items Table 3.1 1 Provided material or tangible goods. 2 Provided practical assistance. 3 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. 4 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. 5 Offered advice related to my injury or rehab. 6 Provided me with information about my injury. 7 Suggested reading material/people I could talk to about my injury. 8 Encouraged me to seek more information about my injury. 9 Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. 10 Accepted my feelings even when they were negative 11 Encouraged me to share my feelings about my injury experience. 12 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. 13 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. 14 Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. 15 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. 16 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. 17 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. 18 Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. 19 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. 20 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. 21 Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. 22 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. 23 Kept me up-to-date on the status of my team/group. 24 Reminded me of past accomplishments as an athlete. 25 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. 26 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. Table 4. Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 5.291 29.392 29.392 5.291 29.392 29.392 4.792 26.620 26.620 2 4.417 24.540 53.932 4.417 24.540 53.932 4.342 24.124 50.744 3 3.259 18.106 72.038 3.259 18.106 72.038 3.833 21.294 72.038 4 .675 3.751 75.789 5 .622 3.455 79.244 6 .575 3.197 82.441 7 .485 2.694 85.135 8 .459 2.552 87.687 9 .410 2.276 89.963 10 .383 2.130 92.093 11 .334 1.857 93.950 12 .309 1.717 95.668 13 .234 1.299 96.966 14 .161 .896 97.862 15 .150 .833 98.695 16 .104 .580 99.275 17 .084 .466 99.741 18 .047 .259 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Table 5. Component Matrix(a) Component 1 2 3 Provided material or tangible goods. .829 -.164 .367 Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. .791 -.071 .216 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. .754 -.077 .290 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. .734 -.227 .371 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. .725 -.153 .293 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. .695 -.245 .380 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. .651 -.235 .334 Provided practical assistance. .081 .941 .224 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. .123 .831 .213 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. -.020 .815 .128 Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. .101 .801 .261 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. .196 .784 .123 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. .029 .740 .225 Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. -.597 -.150 .724 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. -.542 -.146 .685 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. -.510 -.187 .672 Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. -.476 -.217 .657 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. -.479 -.140 .626 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a 3 components extracted. Table 6. Rotated Component Matrix(a) Component 1 2 3 Provided material or tangible goods. .917 .017 -.088 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. .851 -.051 -.024 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. .827 -.070 .007 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. .798 .073 -.130 Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. .792 .063 -.212 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. .791 -.002 -.099 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. .764 -.077 -.011 Provided practical assistance. -.026 .970 -.026 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. .028 .865 -.037 Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. .039 .847 .020 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. -.131 .814 -.032 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. .057 .803 -.141 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. -.027 .773 .038 Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. -.133 -.006 .941 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. -.106 -.007 .879 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. -.075 -.047 .859 Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. -.047 -.077 .835 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. -.081 -.012 .796 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a Rotation converged in 4 iterations. Appendix C ‘Final Reliability Analysis’ Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .921 7 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Provided material or tangible goods. 5.3393 1.42408 112 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. 5.4018 1.22629 112 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. 5.4554 1.35493 112 Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. 5.1518 1.32345 112 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. 5.7589 1.20244 112 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. 5.6518 1.10453 112 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. 5.4732 1.15439 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Provided material or tangible goods. 32.8929 35.718 .888 .895 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. 32.8304 39.980 .734 .911 Provided help which allowed me to fulfill my duties/responsibilities. 32.7768 38.463 .748 .910 Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. 33.0804 38.921 .738 .911 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. 32.4732 39.531 .786 .906 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. 32.5804 41.381 .722 .913 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. 32.7589 41.446 .679 .917 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .921 6 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Provided practical assistance. 5.3661 1.44569 112 Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. 5.5000 1.45193 112 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. 5.2768 1.30977 112 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. 5.4018 1.43608 112 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. 5.4107 1.38560 112 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. 5.2768 1.30287 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Provided practical assistance. 26.8661 32.243 .951 .882 Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. 26.7321 34.612 .774 .907 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. 26.9554 36.674 .728 .913 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. 26.8304 34.394 .801 .904 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. 26.8214 36.004 .723 .914 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. 26.9554 37.448 .677 .920 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .916 5 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. 5.3482 1.38010 112 Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. 5.6607 1.04454 112 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. 5.5536 1.24365 112 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. 5.3750 1.50150 112 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. 5.3929 1.32446 112 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. 21.9821 19.063 .916 .868 Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. 21.6696 23.394 .744 .908 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. 21.7768 22.247 .700 .914 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. 21.9554 19.358 .787 .900 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. 21.9375 20.510 .812 .891 Appendix D Demographic Questionnaire The Following questionnaire is designed to collect background information on participants in this study. 1. What is your Age? ___________ 2 What is your sex Male Female 3. In which sports do you participate? ___________ Co-player Support Questionnaire This questionnaire is about any help or support you may have received from the co-player or training partner your are close to. Please indicate how often, if at all, your co-partners or training partner did or said each of the following things over the past month on scale from 1 to 7. (1=Never, 2= Almost Never, 3 = Sometimes, 4=Fairly often, 5=Very often, 6=Almost always, and 7=Always) My co-player/training partner: Provided material or tangible goods. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Provided practical assistance. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Helped me with tasks I found difficult because of my injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Provided help which allowed me to fulfil my duties/responsibilities. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Offered advice related to my injury or rehab. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Provided me with information about my injury or rehabilitation. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Suggested reading material/people I could talk to about my injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Encouraged me to seek more information about my injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Listened carefully to my concerns about recovery from my Injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Accepted my feelings even when they were negative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Encouraged me to share my feelings about my injury experience. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Comforted me when I was upset about my recovery from injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lifted my spirits when I felt down about my injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Encouraged me to do my rehabilitation exercises. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Praised my progress with rehabilitation. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Boosted my morale when I felt discouraged about my progress in rehabilitation. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Encouraged me to attend my physiotherapy sessions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Motivated me to overcome setbacks to my recovery from the injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Helped me set personal goals for rehabilitation & returning to athletic activities. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Said things to increase my confidence in my ability to recover from the injury. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Helped me feel like I still belong to the team/group. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Involved me in team/group activities even though I'm injured. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kept me up-to-date on the status of my team/group. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reminded me of past accomplishments as an athlete. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reminded me that I can contribute to the team/group in other ways while I'm injured. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Helped me realize that I'm still an athlete even though I'm injured. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Read More