The Ideology of Holding on To Traditional Values - Essay Example

Edmund Burke, to date, remains one of the people who actively spearheaded modern conservatism. Conservatism refers to the ideology of holding on to traditional values. By extension, it is the total commitment to conventional ideas and opposing change and innovation. In conservatism, traditional social institutions are promoted in the context of civilization and culture. Conservatism has old roots in society with key concepts held into account, being the preservation of religion, parliamentary government, and protection of property rights and with great emphasis placed on social continuity and stability. In the United States, conservatism's central beliefs are in support of American traditions, which bring together the ideologies of moral universalism, pro-individualism, protestant Christian values, and pro-business values.

When Edmund Burke started, he was both a philosopher and an Anglo-Irish Whig statesman. By the 20th century, he was regarded as the founder of modern conservatism in a philosophical aspect. The politician stood firmly against slavery and raised his voice on the elements of American independence. Edward Burke was fiercely known for prosecuting the head of British East India Company when he was involved in corruption. Burkes's thinking, however, sharply differed from that of the European conservatives in that, in his views, he expressed that change, especially social change is not always a good thing. Burke felt that the consequences brought about by a particular change, no matter how well-intended, may have dire consequences that are worse than the intended problem that the change was channeled into fixing. These ideas were penned down in the pamphlet reflections on the revolution of France, where he sharply criticized the French revolutionaries. He used incisive terms for this and emphasized the fact that the French revolutionaries brought about more harm than good. In the pamphlet, he raised strong arguments on the restraints of power. His opinion was on curbing the ultimate power held by the monarchy. The French revolution had insights on mob rule, and this was one of the reasons why Burke was opposed to it. He saw the dangers of mob rue even though it was the most simplified ideology at the time. Burke argued that it was a dangerous path that the French were taking, tossing off ancient customs and traditions in favor of new ways. Burke wrote that although the change may have been necessary, there was a likelihood that untold damage to the nation would ensue, as breaking up the monarchy was likely to lead to severe consequences. His words came to fruition when the French political heat began to be evident years later.

Edmund Burkes's early years were spent in Great Britain, where he was born to a Protestant father and a Catholic mother. Religion was important to him, and his thoughts were deeply grounded in the belief that religion was a necessity if the foundations of civil society were to be effective. According to Burke, religion earned the right to be preserved. He emphasized Christian values and sharply criticized the foundations of atheism and deism. He felt that Christian values acted as a vehicle for social progress. He is remembered for his vigorous support to the Church of England, and his great sensitive concerns for the Roman Catholic faith even though he opted to remain an Anglican. For Burke, religion was beneficial to society, especially if there was cohesion between it and tradition. Tradition, by extension, defined how religion was socially used. Burke raised arguments against the control of the catholic clergy, arguing his case against mob rule, even in religion. Burkes's major concern for religion was that its teachings and culture brought about prosperity, social stability, and advancement in morality, whereas suppressing religion directly led to the outcomes of chaos, poverty, and immorality.

The transformation of Edmund Burke into a modern conservative was a process that dates back between 1885 and 1914 in Great Britain when he developed and authored on the concepts of the authority of tradition, the historical conception of the society, the very core necessity of order, the importance of religion to the foundation of civil society and the rights to ownership of property. Politically, Burke was affiliated with the two-party parliamentary system and the order that came with it. The reforms Act of 1884 that brought about political changes and the breakup of the parliamentary system and the rise of the new liberalism perhaps stirred up this transformation in Burke. This political period was filled with uncertainty, as it was a period of flux, something that threw the society into disarray. It was this confusion and societal anxiety that Burke was displeased with. During this time, the British political system underwent a series of intellectual makeovers, and the history of political traditions was wholly effaced. On the other hand, Burke was in support of voluntary political ties in maintaining political cohesion and was for the idea that Home rule, a proposition that the government ought to be independent in exercising power, was a final measure that would ensure that political unity was reached. The liberals at the time argued that home rule was an assembly of protestant landlords. They felt that home rule was not a course for independent political rue; instead, it was a channel to have Rome rule over Britain.

It was not until the 1890s that Burke's writings began to capture attention. There were significant discussions on how his ideas could be put together to form political theories. His work began to be systematized and was recognized significantly by people who were interested in moral sciences and philosophy backgrounds. Burke did not produce any political theory. The scholars who studied his work, however, extracted the political conservancy theory and philosophy from his writings. Many of those who read his works argued that he was enraged by the legislative changes of the time. Throughout his work, traces of traditional conservancy in all dimensions could be highlighted.

Edmund Burke notably wrote on anti-revolution and warned explicitly on the dangers that loomed if the revolution was embraced. His thoughts depicted vague concepts such as religious historicism, hostility to constitutional and political changes, support for private property, and the need for constitutional balance. He was undeniably fond of the organic nature of society. It was these concepts that scholars relied on upon in formulating the philosophy by which Burke is known today. The complexity and interdependence of institutions, habits, and beliefs become some of the factors that were used in the conceptualization of the conservatism philosophy. Historical studies support the rise of the metaphor that societies are not made but grow.

The standard description of conservatism is that they reject new ideologies. However, this may not be the case. Most conservatisms only advocate for the careful implementation of new ideologies rather than rushed implementations that completely disregard traditions. Change is paramount for optimal growth, but there is a need for continuous evaluation of whether new ideologies are, in fact, necessary. Conservatisms tend to prefer existing and traditional situations and institutions, especially when they serve their purpose in a way that aligns with their personalities and needs. Gradual development is preferred to abrupt change that leaves little room for societal adjustments. Politically speaking, conservatism has an affiliation to principles and policies that safeguard established systems. There is a rigidity to change as the fear for society disorientation takes over. Conservatisms have a society at heart, and are ardent human rights activists'.In 1790, a sermon by Richard Price, a protestant clergyman in support of the French revolution, was seen as one of the fuelling factors that led Edmund Burke to write The pamphlet Reflections on the revolution of France.

The French revolution that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s was a period of political upheave for the French people. One cannot talk about conservatism and fail to mention the French revolution. It was as a result of this revolution that two groups emerged, one in support of and the other opposed to, thus the liberates and conservatives were coined. This revolution played a significant role in shaping today's nations through channeling the path towards the power vested in the will of the people. During the time of the revolution, the French uprooted century-old institutions. Examples of institutions that were affected were the monarchy and the feudal system. The uproar against the two was caused by the discontent that came with the monarchy, following poor economic policies implemented by King Louis XVI. The revolution led to the death of both the king and his wife by the guillotine and the ascension of Napoleon Bonaparte. The original intended goals of the revolution were not met, as resistance to the revolution was experienced. The revolution degenerated into a bloodbath in a chaotic resentment for abrupt change.

The French revolution was preceded by enthusiasm about the breakdown of royal power. However, soon enough, fear befell France, following rumors of an impending military coup. The country was washed with widespread hysteria and revolutionary fervor. The abolishment of feudalism in 1789 was made possible by the signing of what was known as the death certificate of the old order. Later, the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen were adopted, in a statement that advocated for democratic principles and was grounded on the policies of political enlightenment. The document was committed to replace the ancient regime and thoroughly rub it off as if it did not exist before. The replacement system was based on the equal opportunity of all citizens, the freedom of speech, the formulation of a representative government, and popular sovereignty. Though the reasons for the revolution were intended for good, immediate consequences were felt, fuelled by its rushed implementation and lack of prior planning. Difficulties in formulating a new constitution was perhaps a significant roadblock experienced. The champions of the revolution wrestled with fundamental questions on how much power and authority would be granted to the king.

The French revolution would have possibly been a great success if it did not turn radical. It is probably these fundamental changes that influenced the rise of conservatism, such as Edmund Burke. The declaration of war on Prussia and Austria, where it was believed that French immigrants were building counterrevolutionary alliances, was seen as an unnecessary and unwelcome move. The newly elected Legislative Assembly made plans to spread the revolution ideals all over Europe through war. A wave of violence swept across Prussia, where hundreds of accused counterrevolutionaries were massacred. The intense war arose following the capture and subsequent assassination of the king in what was known as the Reign of terror. The revolution finally came to an end, after a countless loss of lives. The country continued to struggle with the financial crisis, inefficiency, popular discontent, and political corruption, A reason why Edward Burke felt that the revolution was unnecessary in the first place.

In modern society, conservatism has become a concept of interest globally. The ideology that society ought to develop organically, rather than be manipulated and engineered is gaining popularity. Currently, this ideology is known as the Tory democracy or the one-nation conservatism. Today, conservatives are skeptical about the return of individualism and the decline of social and political traditions. Conservatives fear that our increased freedom may lead to social chaos. They have an uncritical embrace for tradition and a clear affirmation for the status quo. Modern conservatives tend to define themselves as the opposition of liberals and labor parties. Conservatives focus on maintaining the integrity of ancient institutions. The defenders of aristocracy present it as an almost natural phenomenon, and often follow paths that were defined for them since birth. Conservatism in the United States, have similar ideologies to those of Edmund Burke. They can be described as philosophers that uphold American tradition, republicanism, and moral absolutism. They show support for free trade and markets, and they rally behind Judeo-Christian values. Conservatism in the United States began in the 1930s and is present to date.

Some examples that can be highlighted as conservatism include the opposition to the enactment of laws that uphold same-sex marriages, legalization of drugs such as marijuana, and the legalization of induced abortions. The republicans in the United States identify as conservatives and the fight for the conservation of social traditions rather than the adoption of new concepts. In American history, republicans joined with southern conservatives and formed the conservative’s coalition and were famous for dominating and championing domestic issues in Congress until 1964. Modern conservatism comprises economic conservatives who are in favor of reduced taxes, weak labor unions, and less government control and regulation. Social conservatives express a desire for moral issues. They have a strong affiliation with traditional customs and cultures that ensure that the ethical threshold of the society remains intact. Neoconservatives in modern society are concerned with worldwide democracy. A great example of the conservatism values that have been exercised in society over time includes the 1980s move by president Ronald Reagan. His presidency was dominated by tax cuts, deregulation, increased defense spending, and the policy surrounding rolling back communism. During his time, there was increased family values and elevated dedication to Christian morality. In recent years, conservatives have been involved in consistent advocacy against gun control, gay marriages, and induced abortions. The Tea party movement has been one such movement that has continued to energize conservatives against policies that were made during the tenure of President Barack Obama.

Around the world, conservatives continue to gain popularity and influence through the emergence of right-wing leaders. It is currently not only a movement for the older generation but, the younger as well. Unlike before, where civil society was seen as liberal, and upholding democratic reforms, today’s civil society is more focused on traditional appeals associated with national identity, religious beliefs, and support for the family unit and protection against immigration. Many African countries have conservative groups that are opposed to gender equality.

In my own opinion, Edmund Burke’s ideologies as a way to preserve tradition and society's customs are necessary. Burkes's ideas on institutions revolved around them being social capitals. The thought, however, is rigid because it leaves no room for the replacement of an institution with a new and more efficient one. The ideas held by conservatives are generally passed down from generation to generation as part of their customs and cultures. The unfortunate thing about conservatism is that times are changing, technology is evolving, and the society begs for change. Institutions are exceptionally dynamic than most conservatives would agree.

Though change is necessary, how it is implemented makes all the difference. Overnight success cannot be hoped for. The gradual introduction of new policies is less likely to lead to societal chaos. Politically speaking, the idea of conservatism where primary reference is given to hierarchy rather than democracy is possibly outdated. Every person ought to be given equal opportunities. The one concept that Edmund Burke strongly argued about, which I agree with, is the need to carefully examine whether the intended change is necessary and whether it will do more harm than good. Some traditional values are some of the things that have been keeping society sane in an ever-evolving world that is continually demanding for change.

There are many associated benefits of holding on to customs and traditions. Freedom is possibly one of the significant benefits that come with conservatism, as there is less emphasis on government control of individuals. Freedom to own property and worship as one desire and the freedom of living without fear from an oppressive government comes in handy for everyday living. A small, limited government, low taxation, individual liberty, free markets, a good constitution, private property rights, and a robust national defense system are all ideologies that I support. These principles create more opportunities for citizens than any other method. Conservatism does not agree to change things just for the sake of replacing them. If a system is working and working well for that matter, then there is no need to change it. Being able to think and act on your own is an exciting concept. Social conservatism is a major for me. Just like Edward Burke, I feel that the family unit is essential for society and, by extension, the nation to thrive. A country that upholds good morals is less likely to be struggling with crime and an overwhelmed judicial system, which is an essential notion for peace and harmony, the backbone for a thriving economy.

Edmund Burkes's early years were spent in Great Britain, where he was born to a Protestant father and a Catholic mother. Religion was important to him, and his thoughts were deeply grounded in the belief that religion was a necessity if the foundations of civil society were to be effective. According to Burke, religion earned the right to be preserved. He emphasized Christian values and sharply criticized the foundations of atheism and deism. He felt that Christian values acted as a vehicle for social progress. He is remembered for his vigorous support to the Church of England, and his great sensitive concerns for the Roman Catholic faith even though he opted to remain an Anglican. For Burke, religion was beneficial to society, especially if there was cohesion between it and tradition. Tradition, by extension, defined how religion was socially used. Burke raised arguments against the control of the catholic clergy, arguing his case against mob rule, even in religion. Burkes's major concern for religion was that its teachings and culture brought about prosperity, social stability, and advancement in morality, whereas suppressing religion directly led to the outcomes of chaos, poverty, and immorality.

The transformation of Edmund Burke into a modern conservative was a process that dates back between 1885 and 1914 in Great Britain when he developed and authored on the concepts of the authority of tradition, the historical conception of the society, the very core necessity of order, the importance of religion to the foundation of civil society and the rights to ownership of property. Politically, Burke was affiliated with the two-party parliamentary system and the order that came with it. The reforms Act of 1884 that brought about political changes and the breakup of the parliamentary system and the rise of the new liberalism perhaps stirred up this transformation in Burke. This political period was filled with uncertainty, as it was a period of flux, something that threw the society into disarray. It was this confusion and societal anxiety that Burke was displeased with. During this time, the British political system underwent a series of intellectual makeovers, and the history of political traditions was wholly effaced. On the other hand, Burke was in support of voluntary political ties in maintaining political cohesion and was for the idea that Home rule, a proposition that the government ought to be independent in exercising power, was a final measure that would ensure that political unity was reached. The liberals at the time argued that home rule was an assembly of protestant landlords. They felt that home rule was not a course for independent political rue; instead, it was a channel to have Rome rule over Britain.

It was not until the 1890s that Burke's writings began to capture attention. There were significant discussions on how his ideas could be put together to form political theories. His work began to be systematized and was recognized significantly by people who were interested in moral sciences and philosophy backgrounds. Burke did not produce any political theory. The scholars who studied his work, however, extracted the political conservancy theory and philosophy from his writings. Many of those who read his works argued that he was enraged by the legislative changes of the time. Throughout his work, traces of traditional conservancy in all dimensions could be highlighted.

Edmund Burke notably wrote on anti-revolution and warned explicitly on the dangers that loomed if the revolution was embraced. His thoughts depicted vague concepts such as religious historicism, hostility to constitutional and political changes, support for private property, and the need for constitutional balance. He was undeniably fond of the organic nature of society. It was these concepts that scholars relied on upon in formulating the philosophy by which Burke is known today. The complexity and interdependence of institutions, habits, and beliefs become some of the factors that were used in the conceptualization of the conservatism philosophy. Read More