Ideas and Issues in Globalisation - Research Paper Example

Ideas and Issues in Globalisation Table of Contents Ideas and Issues in Globalisation 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Perspective 3 A Policy Section 5 A Social Group 8 Practical Issues Section 11 Overall Findings 11 Reflective Statement 12 Conclusion 13 References 14 Bibliography 16 Introduction The rising flow of commodities along with capital has been assessed as the chief factor towards triggering globalisation. The notion of globalisation was found to be facilitated by the steady relaxation provided in terms of the trade barriers across the borders. It is in this context, the rapid pace of globalisation is making individuals shift their respective bases from one country to the other. The number of individuals living outside the boundaries of their respective origin countries has been witnessed to increase with a sharp rise from around 120 million in the year 1990 to approximately 214 million by the year 2011 globally. Hence, it becomes imperative that presently, the amount of individuals residing outside their respective birth countries is estimated to be quite high in comparison to any other given point of time in the entire history. The rate of migration in the United Kingdom (UK) has also been experiencing a significant rise which has led to increased focus on few of the migration policies such as the ones relating to the children asylum seekers (The Levin Institute, 2011). The paper would intend to provide an explanation regarding the concept of globalisation and migration from a theoretical perspective along with other allied factors with respect to UK. Theoretical Perspective Numerous reasons have been measured which are supposed to trigger the desire of migration within the individuals. The need or desire of migrating among individuals all around the world can get initiated owing to the requirement of enhancing their personal economic conditions. The improvement in terms of the economic conditions witnessed by the individuals is perceived to be attained with the help of migration by way of running away from civil strife, environmental adversities and persecution. The concept of globalisation has been explained as the social procedure where the other geographical hindrances posed towards cultural as well as social structures are found to lose their imperativeness by a certain extent. The individuals related to this particular procedure also tend to gradually become more conscious regarding losing their respective significance. The other explanation towards the concept of globalisation relates to the strengthening of the global social associations which further tend to connect the remote areas in a way that the neighbouring occurrences get formed with the aid of incidents that are taking place quite some miles away and even vice versa (The Levin Institute, 2011). The transnational as well as the transnationalism theories were established in order to provide a detailed insight into the way the transnationalised populace restructure their respective spatial association on an international level. The idea of transnationality aids in relating to the actuality of the increase and trade growth in terms of new communities, followed by the creation of new social identities as well as associations which are incapable of being explained by merely taking into account the traditional viewpoint. The thought of transnationalism has been found to be strongly related, indicating a variety of social, political as well as cultural performances and the states that are believed to be brought about with the assistance of the absolute rise in terms of social relationship across the borders. The facet of transnationalism according to the referred globalisation literature is explained more to be an umbrella owing to the fact of encircling a larger extensive assortment in relation to transformative practices, progresses and procedures . These mentioned factors are learnt to take place concurrently at an international and local level. The practices as well as the procedures related to the idea of transnationalism is widely explained as the numerous or manifold bonds and relations among the migrants and the countries. These associations are stated to be social, political and cultural in nature which further connects the communities, institutions and individuals beyond the borders with respect to the nation-states. The mentioned kind of communities have been found to appear in various arrays even entailing those communities that were created or shaped by fresh groups of immigrants who migrated to the countries of First World. These communities are also stated to engage the older diasporic populace whose position along with approach has been learnt to be constantly manipulated with the influences of the hastening rate of cultural, institutional and economic globalisation (Robinson, 2007). The novel nature and establishment of the transnational connections in this age of globalisation was highlighted by quite a few scholars. The transnational bonding between the current immigrants has been measured as increasingly concentrated in comparison to their respective historical matching parts owing to the velocity and comparatively inexpensive nature of communication as well as travel. The influences of such bonding is learnt to have augmented with the aid of national as well as international perspectives with regard to which they take place. The transnational form of migration in this regard has been found to be assessed in terms of the apparently dichotomous along with reciprocally exclusive groups (Robinson, 2007). The transnational connections, spaces and the related activities are regarded as an influence in relation to the concept of globalisation and also as a compelling factor that aids in creating, fuelling and intensifying the mentioned notion. The immigrants along with the non-immigrants who are supposed to give rise to such connections and spaces are learnt to be not just perceived as objects by the global economies which act as a foundation or base for the notion of globalisation, but even as subjects that are believed to assist in forming the course of such idea. Furthermore, the transnational form of migration does not only deal with the aspect of migration, but also the degree and ways by which the conducts related to the transnational concept aids in escalating the independence and the authority with regard to the migrants as well as the non-migrants who remain involved in the process. The notions, related to transnationalism as well as transnationality, have been observed to growingly offer a wider explanation regarding other related factors of migration apart from just its rudiment (Robinson, 2007). Therefore, it could be well deciphered from the theoretical explanation provided above that the subject of migration is related to the transnational theory of globalisation along with asylum seekers as migration is supposed to give rise to the number of refugees in a particular country such as in the case of UK (Robinson, 2007). A Policy Section The transnational migrations are learnt to create an effect or influence on the lives of the various individuals residing in UK. It has been quite apparent and palpable in the previous few years that the notion of globalisation typifies progressively the transnational migrations. The fresh forms in relation to interdependence, regional collaboration and the transnational societies are believed to alter the way of life of numerous individuals who tend to connect the future with regard to the societies as well as the states. The development is stated to be triggered with the help of the release of migrants to the southern parts from the northern parts of the world. This specific factor is supposed to play an imperative role with regard to the national as well as global plans related to the facet of development. The theory associated with the world system is known to regard the fact of international migrations as a structural outcome in association with the expansion of the marketplaces into a definite international political-hierarchical structure. The expansion with respect to capitalism majorly towards the significant areas of the globe has resulted in augmenting the amount of introduction of individuals with respect to the international economy. The international migrations are further observed to have facilitated and enhanced the flow of commodities across the borders. The migrations resulted in developing the international connections among the fundamental labour, land and goods. The transnational migration is in a way directly relating to the growth of refugees owing to the increased rate of globalisation in the UK. Therefore, UK has been focusing on re-thinking their various policies in relation to migration in order to effectively deal with the particular social group of migrants or rather the asylum seekers (NSPCC, 2011). The aspect of transnational migration is learnt to give rise to an increased level of association among the communities, societies and individuals across the borders which as a result bring in alterations with regard to the cultural, political, social and economic backgrounds concerning the destination and the foundation of the societies. A transnational viewpoint with regard to migration is considered to be growingly pertinent owing to the driving factors in relation to globalisation along with their correlated influences on the factor of mobility. Migration facilitates the connectivity of more than one actuality beyond the national boundaries. The increase speed of progress in relation to communication, trade, information and transport networks owing to globalisation is believed to have fortified the associations of migrants with regard to more than one place. With time, the prototype of migration has also been found to have undergone an alteration. Therefore, this implies that while formulating policies related to migration from the transnational viewpoint, it is considered to be significant and grave to take into deliberation the various groups of migrants such as an individual involved with globular or even provisional migration would tend to get engaged with dissimilar transnational activities in comparison to someone with permanent intentions of migration (International Organization for Migration, 2010). A considerable and constant increase in the amount of migration has been observed in the United Kingdom (UK) (Trade Union Congress, 2007). The government of UK is believed to provide significant focus on the matter relating to the fortification as well as wellbeing of the children identified to be refugee as well as asylum seeking and the concerned social group. The UK policies in relation to this particular aspect is formulated in a way so as to ensure equal opportunities as well as advantages for the mentioned category of children similar to those of the native children as well. Hence, several policies has been developed by the UK government toward the protection of children asylum seekers among which Article 19 ensures the right with regard to protection against all kinds of injury, neglect, violence or exploitation of the children. Article 32 states the protection right offered towards the children against any kind of economic exploitation. The Articles 34 and 35 ensure the protection rights of the asylum seeking children from any kind of abuse, trafficking, violence and exploitation among others (NSPCC, 2011). A Social Group The characteristic of globalisation and migration has been stated to be interactive owing to the vase miscellany in between the factors which tend to motivate and typify the aspect of international migration. It needs to be mentioned in this context that it is no more considered to be adequate in simply recognising the countries in the form of recipients or even sources. It is owing to the actuality that it is even regarded to be necessary to take into deliberation those which have been identified to turn into areas of transportation towards an ultimate destination as a result of their respective geographical location. It needs to be considered in this regard that a substantial rise has been observed with regard to such mentioned kinds of destinations. It has also been additionally stated in this respect that the facet of migration no more remains restricted to a definitely identifiable group of humans as was done in the previous years. The variety with regard to the kinds of individuals engaged whose migration are measured to create an influence on the aspect of social reproduction in relation to their respective families followed by the progress of their involved communities of source has alarmingly turned out to be quite extensive. These kinds of individuals are known to develop connections with varied social groups accompanied with the establishment of contact networks with regard to their respective locations of ultimate destination. These destinations are supposed to broaden beyond the national borders and the mentioned kind of individuals is also believed to make use of various strategies along with ways for the reason of their movements (United Nations, 2011). There are also certain other aspects related to migration such as asylum seekers and refugee children. The phenomenon of asylum seekers is measured to be turning into an international phenomenon which is making the countries revise or rather reformulate their respective asylum related policies. It needs to be mentioned in this regard that the asylum policies in the UK have been made quite severe in the present years owing to the growing rate of migration in the country. The present asylum policy of the UK is measured and stated to be less draconian in comparison to the assumptions made regarding it (Crisp, 2003). Globalisation is believed to pose great influences on the social groups in various different ways. The aspect of globalisation is stated to relate significantly to the idea of gradual incorporation of the societies and their respective economies which is believed to be triggered with the aid of fresh economic associations, national as well as international policies and fresh technologies concerning a broad variety of actors entailing the governments, business, civil society, international organisations and labour. The social element with regard to globalisation is considered to refer to the effects caused by the implementation of globalisation on the regular way of life as well as work of the individuals, societies and their respective families. It has been frequently found in this regard that apprehensions regarding the influence or rather effects of globalisation were raised with regard to certain aspects such as income, social protection and the working conditions. This particular social rudiment is measured to entail culture, identity, security, consistency of the communities and the families along with the factor of exclusion as well inclusion from the concerned societies. Globalisation is also found to create a noteworthy degree of influence on taxes as well as wages, inequality, child labour, migration, poverty, insecurity and gender. Therefore, from the social perspective it can be observed that globalisation influences the mentioned aspects with regard to the concerned countries (Gunter & Hoeven, 2004). Practical Issues Section Globalisation is understood to bring in certain significant alterations along with it in a particular economy such as in the case of UK. The initial advantage identified in this context can be stated as the smooth flow of commodities along with the benefit of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This flow of FDI as well as trade is believed to give rise to employment opportunities for individuals, which in turn is supposed to enhance the quality of living within the society. Globalisation is not only learnt to trigger or initiate the flow of capital, individuals and commodities. This particular concept has also been found to encourage the fact related to liberal democracy. The awareness regarding this reality has proved to be quite beneficial for the individuals or the social groups as they are provided with human rights with regard to their respective expression of views. However, globalisation also tends to create an influence or conflicts concerning the aspect of individual choices. The individual preferences are likely to get manipulated with the help of the preferences of the social group (Rothenberg, 2003; Nuffic, 2000). Overall Findings The complete array of information gained from the above made discussion highlights the fact that migration is regarded as a result of the growing pace of globalisation. The enhanced flow of commodities across the borders has been giving rise to immense employment opportunities where the relaxation of the government policies is believed to make individuals shift their bases from their respective origin countries to others. Migration takes place owing to the fact of searching for a better way of life by the individuals (Prakash & Hart, 2012). The procedures related to globalisation is further believed to redefine both the political as well as economic spaces which further aids in giving rise to fresh prospects as well as threats. It has been identified in this regard that few of the institutions, strategies, policies and structures of firms as well as that of the governments might still stay to be effectual in comparison to the other few who are believed to suffer from the pangs of globalisation. International or just simple migration has become a common notion in relation to globalisation which is observed to even pose an influence on the social groups of a particular community in various ways explained above. It can also be identified from the stated actualities regarding the migration policies of UK that the higher rate of migration has been turning out to be a great concern for the economy which has motivated it to alter the respective policies. The policies have been observed to be made more rigorous in order to deal with, especially the asylum seekers or rather the refugee children so that much burden is not posed on the country in terms of population. With regard to this facet of migration, the policies concerning the children asylum seekers have been made strict in the UK in order to ensure their adequate protection (NSPCC, 2011). Reflective Statement My research paper deals with the aspect of globalisation and migration and the various other rudiments and theories associated with it as well as relative policy measures adopted by UK. While collecting information in relation to the topic of paper I found that there existed quite a few theories in relation to the notion of globalisation. I found the transnational theory to be quite relevant and pertinent to the concept of globalisation as well as migration. My research paper entailed the need of collecting a vast range of information with regard to the stated subject for which I had to explore quite significant number of secondary resources such as journals, articles and books. My wide search for information helped me in gaining quite imperative details and viewpoints regarding the subject of my research paper. Conclusion The above made discussion provides a lucid comprehension regarding the various aspects of globalisation as well as migration. The concept of globalisation has been evidently focused on, which helped in deciphering the aspect of migration as well. This particular factor further helped in understanding the influences posed on the countries owing to globalisation as well as migration. The increased rate of migration of individuals to different countries is making it mandatory for them to re-formulate their migration policies in order to cope up with the additional population. For instance, in case of UK it can be observed that the growing rate of migration has made it emphasise on the migration policies related to asylum seeking or refugee children in order to ensure their equal rights as the others. References Crisp, J., 2003. A new asylum paradigm? Globalization, Migration and the Uncertain Future of the International Refugee Regime. New Issues in Refugee Research, pp. 1-14. Gunter, B. G. & Hoeven, R., 2004. The Social Dimension of Globalization: A Review of the Literature. International Labour Review, Vol. 143, pp. 7-43. International Organization for Migration, 2010. Migration and Transnationalism: Opportunities and Challenges. International Dialogue on Migration, pp. 1-6. NSPCC, 2011. NSPCC Policy Summary Children who are Asylum Seekers or Refugees. Policy and Public Affairs, pp. 1-10. Nuffic, 2000. Coping with Globalization: The Need for Research Concerning the Local Response to Globalization in Developing Countries. Netherlands Development Assistance Research Council, pp. 1-12. Prakash, A. & Hqart, J. A., 2012. Coping with Globalization. Indiana University, pp. 1-40. Robinson, W. I., 2007. Theories of Globalization. The Regents of the University of California, pp. 125-143. Rothenberg, L. E., 2003. Globalization 101: The Three Tensions of Globalization. The American Forum for Global Education. Schuerkens, U., 2012. Transnational Migrations and Social Transformations: A Theoretical Perspective. SAGE Journals. The Levin Institute, 2011. Migration and Globalization. The State University of New York, pp. 1-32. Trade Union Congress, 2007. The Economics of Migration. Economic and Social Affairs, pp. 1-29. United Nations, 2011. International Migration and Globalization. Part II: Regional Outlook, pp. 229-258. Bibliography Adebayo, A. G. & Adesina, O. C., 2009. Globalization and Transnational Migrations: Africa and Africans in the Contemporary Global System. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 1-13. Castles, S., 2008. Understanding Global Migration: A Social Transformation Perspective. Conference on Theories of Migration and Social Change, pp. 1-21. Fagan, G. H. & Munck, R., 2009. Globalization and Security: Social and Cultural Aspects. ABC-CLIO. Lee, E. & Vivarelli, M., 2006. The Social Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries. Institute for the Study of Labor, pp. 1-26. Statham, P. & Gray, E., 2006. Briefing Paper: The Politics of Immigration and Asylum Policy in Western Europe. Centre for European Political Communications. Wolf, S. R., 2006. Shifting Tides: Migration in the Era of Globalization, Global Conflict, and Environmental Collapse. Forum on Public Policy, pp. 1-18. Read More