Human Body Systems - Essay Example

The Human Body The Human Body Cell is the basic unit of life. It requires Oxygen and food for its growth and multiplication. Human body and made up of uncountable no of cells that combine together and make a tissue. Many tissues combine in a particular pattern to become a system. Respiratory system provides oxygen to the cells. In the similar way digestive system provides the food to the cells that is delivered by the blood circulatory system. Integumentary System Interumentary system functions as the outer layer of the body making a protective layer for the inner dermis tissues. Hair, skin & nails. Nervous System Functions as to control the body functions and systems. All the systems are connected to the nervous system through nerves and send and receive signals from the brains to act in the manner the brain wants. Brain, nerves & spinal cord. Skeletal System Functions to provide a support and protect the vital body organs. Bones are hard produce blood with the help of bone marrow. It provides a frame for the muscles. Endocrine System Functions to maintain the secretion of hormones through d that control the growth, reproduction, and utilization of the nutrients by organs. adrenal gland, pineal gland, ovary, etc. Muscular System Functions to provide strength and connections to move the arm or leg or to make the facial expressions. Muscles cover almost every bone of the body except fingers and teeth and skull. It also help in Maintaining posture & generate heat by shivering. Cardiovascular System Pumps blood to each part of the body. Takes oxygen from the lungs and transports it to the each part of the body and carry carbon dioxide that is released through respiration. Heart, veins and arteries. Lymphatic System Recover the nutrients leaked from the blood vessels and returns then to blood stream. Removes the body wastes and make white blood cells that account for immunity. Respiratory System Functions to provide the blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Urinary System Functions to filter the blood from nitrogenous wastes and excess water. Reproductive System Functions to provide a mechanism to produce an offspring. Digestive System Digests and break the food down to useful nutrients that are then made the constituent of the blood, which are then absorbed by the body cells. The indigestible and undesired nutrients are pushed out. Skeletal System Skeletal system is comprised of bones that help in maintaining the brain functions. Skull offers a hard protective coating to brain from injury and outer environment. The spinal cord remains protective inside the vertebra yet remain flexible. The brain detects the body posture through the sensory receptors located inside the joints between bones. Muscles control the position of the bones by getting signals from the brain. Cardiovascular system Endothelial cells maintain the blood-brain barrier. Baroreceptors send information to the brain about blood pressure. Cerebrospinal fluid drains into the venous blood supply. The brain regulates heart rate and blood pressure. Muscular System Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. Endocrine System Hormonal activity is governed by brain and the flow of hormones may change the behaviours of a person. The pituitary gland and other endocrine glands are mainly controlled by the hypothalamus in brain. Lymphatic System The brain can suggest and stimulate the behaviour of body to fight against any infection, producing white blood cells. Respiratory System The brain measures the required amount of oxygen and slows or fastens the respiration. Thus, it controls how much we can breathe. The brains maintains the oxygen level in blood. Digestive System Digestive system provides the body and all other systems with the required set of nutrients like glucose, proteins, etc. Brain can stimulate or change the eating habits of a person by calculation which nutrients are important for the development of brain and body. The muscles required for eating are totally controlled by brain. The digestive juices like, pepsin, etc are controlled by brain. The brains receives the information on the digestive system. Reproductive System Brain development is considered to have been affected from the reproductive hormones. It also affects the sexual behaviour. Brain suggests the mating signals and behaviours. Urinary System Bladder send information to brain when it is full. The urinary system is controlled by brain; the amount of water to be disposed off through urination is diagnosed by brain. Integumentary System Skin has millions of sensory nerves that send information to the brain; the information regarding the environment, temperature, etc. If the brain senses that the temperature is a bit higher than the body temperature, brain sends signal to the sweat gland to open and cool the body. In some cases, the brain sends signal to the muscles connected to skin hair to contract or expand according to the environment or other condition. Task 2 At 25 years the body functions seem to be efficiently functional. On the other hand considering the daily working of the 25 year person is moving door to door to distribute the leaflets and take part in the other programs as organized by the charity. The muscles (muscular system) in the body particularly the leg muscles require much oxygenated blood in order to work efficiently. The oxygenated blood is transported by the cardiovascular system and the heart pumps the blood as faster as the oxygen is required. Oxygen is supplied through the respiratory system. The respiratory system fills the blood with oxygen. It is common fact that the respiratory system and cardiovascular system synchronize in a proper manner. The rate of respiration increases as the demand for oxygen increases. On the other hand, as the muscular system uses more oxygen it produces more carbon-dioxide that is also released through respiratory process. All these functions are controlled by the brain that informs the heats to pump faster than the normal and informs that respiratory system to take air more than the normal process. The whole mechanism is well coordinated. A marathon runner should have enough practice that the while body should respond to the increasing demand and supply of the oxygen and nutrients. Muscles cells increase their number and thus the size of the muscle tissue increases due to the workout that a person performs. It is common fact that participating in certain type of sports requires a certain physique. Weight lifting sports allows only the persons that have a certain body type. The body type defines the certain set of exercises that the person performed before participating in the sports or while practicing the sports. The exercises increase the muscle tissue and thus the number of cells by increasing the flow of blood and thus the amount of nutrients and oxygen in the focused area. 100 meters race participants have heavy built as compared to the marathon runners. Thus, cells multiply rapidly when the amount of oxygen and nutrients are increased and thus the tissues become more developed. Being young at 25 year of age the cell multiplication is much faster and thus the person can train himself to be marathon runner within less than six month period. As we get older, the cell multiplication becomes slower. A child’s cell multiplication is more than an adult. Cell metabolism increases as the rate of transportation of nutrients, oxygen and ions increases. The increase in the cell metabolism give rises to the cell division. On the other hand, when a person exercises harder, the muscles fibres get damaged. But, it is not the thing that should be worried about. This is the fact that we feel pain after exercising. The tissues bond these erupted fibres and make a stronger bond and widen the fibre, thus increasing the number of muscles cells. Task 3 A 65 years old person having symptoms like fever and flu may be recommended to check the blood for the shortage in the red blood cells. The symptoms may possibly be of anaemia. The physician may recommend having the routine measures of body weight, blood pressure, rate of respiration. As discussed as a person gets older. The body functions become weak and the person facing such type of problems become less responsive in terms of mental ability, muscular ability and sensory reception. The glands become less active and thus monitoring of different metabolisms become less active. The similar case is with the red blood cells at 65 years age. The ability of a person to produce new red blood cells become weak due body’s less responsive behaviour and less flow of hormones from the glands that stabilizes the level of metabolic activity. Diabetes is the result of similar body behaviour. A person having a high blood pressure may certainly have an elevated reparation rate. In the case of 65 years old person facing the symptoms of fever and flu may also have a lower respiration and blood pressure due to the shortage of the red blood cells. There is no or less growth of cells in the person facing the problem, thus the weight of the person may remain the same or reduces due to the less growth of the cells. On the other hand obesity is itself a disease it increases the bold pressure and respiration rates to provide the body cells with blood and oxygen. An obese person has more body cells as compared to a normal person. The person in the given scenario is an obese person, he may have the respiratory problem and thus facing the fever and fatigue with the lack of oxygen transported to the blood cells and the flu may be generated due to body response to clean the nose. Thus a total review of the person’s health reports depicting his weight, height, body mass index (BMI), respiration rate, blood pressure, etc. The timely recorded reports with the passage of time depicts the person’s body behaviour and which factors are rising and which factors are falling with the passage of time. An increase in the blood pressure, pulse rates and respiration rates in the recorded information depicts that the person may have high cholesterol that is deposited in the blood veins, so that the heart needs to pumps more to make the blood reach all the cells of the body. Task 4 The case of 85 years old diabetic women living is care home depicts the increased diabetic rate at older age. At this age the body functions are weal and unable to responds with the changing behaviour. The type 2 diabetes is well known to be incurable with insulin as type 1 is. However, blood sugar and glucose levels can be managed with prevention. Type 2 diabetes depicts the person body metabolism rate is low and the absorption of calcium in the bones is also low. At this age having the arthritis will remain incurable with the help of medication. The problem may exist due to the fact that body is not producing the cells that will repair the broken tissues. The nerves become weak that limits the responses to the brain. On the other hand, due to arthritis, there is no regular activity of the 85 years old woman and the body metabolism reduces. Bibliography Faculty.washington.edu. 2013. Neuroscience Resources for Kids - Body System Interaction. [online] Available at: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/organ.html [Accessed: 19 Oct 2013]. Quizlet.com. 2011. 11 Systems of the Human Body flashcards | Quizlet. [online] Available at: http://quizlet.com/6106972/11-systems-of-the-human-body-flash-cards/ [Accessed: 19 Oct 2013]. Read More

 

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