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MRI...and triceps are responsible for extension. Carrying angle, which is 170 degrees in male and 167 degrees in female, is the normal angle between the long axis of extended arm and forearm (Chaurasia 2004). Answer no.2. 1- First Position: The common position for obtaining the MRI of the elbow is with the patient lying supine position. The elbow is placed by the side of the patient. Arm is kept in prone position with the palm resting on the thigh. (Reiser et al 2000). If the range of movement at elbow and shoulder joint is not compromised, the MRI can be obtained in the body coil position with the patients arm elevated above the head level. 2- Second Position: Another position to obtain the...
6 Pages(1500 words)Essay
MRI Preast...?Question Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations have been timed carefully to avoid wrong results from the hormonal influences duringthe normal menstrual cycle. According to Ellis (2009), cyclical hormonal changes are usually manifested in a normally menstruating woman. The breast epithelium is usually influenced by changes in oestrogen and progesterone levels in the body during the normal menstrual cycle (Partridge, 2001). Ellis (2009) states that one main limitation for breast MRIs are the hormonal fluctuations manifested through oestrogen and progesterone. According to Sharma et al (2009), breast tissue assessment during the menstrual cycle depends on the size of breast lobules. During...
7 Pages(1750 words)Essay
Breast MRI...and the surrounding environment (Hendrick 2007, p. 197). (A) A graph of the signal from overlapping water and fat versus TE. (B) (B) A 1.5 T gradient-echo image of a normal volunteer acquired with TR = 200, TE = 4.4 ms, 256 ? 256 matrix, pixel bandwidth of 81.4 Hz. (C) The same gradient-echo image acquisition as B, but with TE = 7 ms, all other acquisition parameters the same as in B. Source: R.E. Hendrick (ed.), Breast MRI: Fundamentals and Technical Aspects. © Springer 2008 Ghost Artifacts Occurrence of this category of artifacts in MR images is in many cases induced by patients due to the movement of signal-producing tissues during the imaging process. The other cause of ghost...
7 Pages(1750 words)Essay
Musculoskeletal MRI...’ (HipFAI 2013) ‘MRI image of Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)’ (Filigenzi and Bredella 2008) Coil Selection and Positioning a Patient for MRI of Hips Coil selection during an MRI for the hip depends on a number of considerations. These include whether the two hips of the patient are to be imagined, or whether only one is to be imaged. The decision of whether to image one or the two hips will also influence the selection of pulse sequence, and whether or not, to use injection contrast fluids intravenously, or intra-articularly, during the imaging process (Beltran et al. 2002). Coil selections, deciding whether to image the two hips or...
8 Pages(2000 words)Assignment
MRI...approved which comprise of (Magnevist, MultiHance, Omniscan, OptiMARK, and ProHance). (FDA, 2007) Among all these agents, Omniscan and OptiMARK4 have been found major cause of side-effects owing tot htier similar structures. Very few cases have been reported from Magnevist. (ISMRM, 2010) Table 1 - Uses of Gadolinium in various industries. (RSC, 2013) GE Neurovascular Array Coil - Excite HD 1.5T A single GE neurovascular array coil reduces the cost of coil changeovers and patient repositioning during time of scanning. (Invivo, 2013) (MRI Coils, n.d.) An array of coils allows scanning of various body parts with the same machine, using...
6 Pages(1500 words)Essay
Peer review for assignments about (Peripheral Nerve Stimulation by MR gradient coils)...responses would “changes at the neuromuscular junction or muscle level” (Tranquilli, Thurmon and Grimm 2013, p. 429). Significant inconsistency also exists between the abstract and headings, which communicates the author’s objectives, and the body. Further, the article should have explored the following questions its scope of exploring the technology: What are the major differences between MRI and other imaging technologies that distinguish their peripheral nerve stimulation effects? What physiological effects do MR gradient fields induce? How can the physiological effects be measured? Does size of gradient coils influence degree of peripheral nerve stimulation? What are...
3 Pages(750 words)Assignment
MRI...by the MRI equipment which in turn is analysed by the healthcare professionals to decipher the exact composition. As the experiments started off with an emphasis on nucleus, in early days MRI was known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Since the process itself is stated to involve very small amount of energy, the normal biochemistry of human body is not affected.
The key requirements for performing an MRI include;
A strong magnetic field through the primary magnet, emanating out of the a magnetic which could be a permanent, resistive or a superconductive
Gradient magnets for fine tuning the magnetic fields
The scanning table on which the patient is allowed to...
8 Pages(2000 words)Essay
Anatomy MRI...such as disease pathology and restricted hand movements; limitation of existing MRI machine, patient’s age etc. Here is the brief comparison of two common positions tried during elbow MRI,
Patient supine with elbow extended- Patient is asked to lie down in supine position with arm extended and wrist straight. Circular coil is placed underneath the elbow for high intensity resolution. This position is not only suitable to all the patient but also helps to achieve T1 weighted images on coronal plane but “Short time inversion recovery” (STIR) sequence is often affected due to “suppression of fat” resulting in poor signal output (Spina, p.29).
Patient prone with arm extended overhead-Patient...
6 Pages(1500 words)Essay
MRI...gradients used.
Reference: Brown, Mark A and Semelika, Richard C (2010) MRI: Basic Principles and Application, 4th Edn. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
2) Why are two Fourier transforms required to convert k-space data to an image?
Because the two encoding directions, namely the read and phase, are independent, two Fourier transforms are used to convert k-space data to an image. The image is first Fourier transformed in the read direction followed by transformation in the phase direction.
During read Fourier transformation, each echo in the read direction is converted into an intensity profile. The units are converted from m-1 to m and the signal intensity is indicated by the number of location of the...
2 Pages(500 words)Essay
MRI...MRI Brochure A to parents and carers It is suggested that parents and children study the brochure before coming for an MRI scan. Reading the brochure makes the children prepared for the examination and thus they accept the examination requirements. Children remain calmer during the examination and behave accordingly if they bring their favourite toys, pillows or blankets with them. If a child listen some favourite music, parents are advised to bring CDs or Players with them as it provides comfort during examination. In case of any apprehensions about the procedure, it is advised to discuss it with the Radiographer a technologist trained in medical imaging) or Radiologist (a doctor who specialises in...
6 Pages(1500 words)Essay
